Electrostatics
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- Electrostatics is the study of electric charges at rest. Charges can be positive or negative. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract. - There are two types of charges - protons have a positive elementary charge (+1.6x10-19 C) while electrons have a negative elementary charge (-1.6x10-19 C). Charge is conserved in that it cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. - Conductors allow the movement of charge while insulators restrict it. Charging can occur through friction or induction without physical contact. The electric force between two charges is described by Coulomb's Law.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in electric charge and electric fields.
1) It describes how static electricity arises from the transfer of electrons between objects, leaving one object with an excess of electrons (negative charge) and the other with a deficit of electrons (positive charge). Opposite charges attract while like charges repel based on Coulomb's law.
2) Coulomb's law states that the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
3) The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge and can be calculated from Coulomb's law. Field lines are used to represent electric fields graph
Lesson-1_Electric-Charge.pptx
This document defines static electricity and electric charges. It explains that atoms become charged when they gain or lose electrons, making them more positive or negative. Electrons can be easily removed from atoms, while protons are very difficult to remove. Charging occurs through friction, contact, or induction as electrons are transferred between objects. Conductors allow charge to spread evenly, while insulators trap charges on their surface. Grounding neutralizes charged objects by allowing electrons to flow to or from the earth.
Chapter 1: Electrostatics
19.1 Coulomb’s law
19.2 Electric field
19.3 Charge in a uniform electric field
19.4 Electric Potential
Ohm's law
This document provides an overview of direct current circuits and related concepts. It discusses the structure of atoms and how they can gain or lose electrons. It also describes the three main types of materials based on their ability to conduct electricity: conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Additionally, the document defines key terms like voltage, electrostatic charge, and methods for producing voltage such as friction, pressure, and heat. Safety precautions for working with direct current circuits are also mentioned.
5.1 electric fields
Electric fields arise from electric charges and can be represented by electric field lines. A positive test charge experiences a force when placed in an electric field, allowing the field strength to be calculated. The field is strongest closest to the charged object and decreases with distance. Materials are classified as conductors, insulators or semiconductors based on how easily their electrons can move. Coulomb's law defines the force between two point charges as directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Chapter 21 Couloumb Law 25.pptx
This document outlines key concepts from a chapter on Coulomb's law, including:
1) Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles and its dependence on their charges and distance.
2) Electric charge is quantized and can only take on integer multiples of the elementary charge.
3) The net electric charge is always conserved in isolated systems. Examples of processes involving conservation of charge like particle annihilation and pair production are provided.
Chapter 21 Couloumb Law 25.pptx
This document outlines key concepts from a chapter on Coulomb's law, including:
1) Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles and its dependence on their charges and distance.
2) Electric charge is quantized and can only take on integer multiples of the elementary charge.
3) The net electric charge is always conserved in isolated systems. Examples of processes involving conservation of charge like particle annihilation and pair production are provided.
ELECTROSTATICS - General Physics 2 Presentation
"Explore the fascinating world of electrostatics in this PowerPoint presentation, delving into the principles of static electricity, Coulomb's Law, and practical applications, unraveling the mysteries of charged particles and their dynamic interactions."
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Measurement
Measurement and units are important concepts in physics. The document discusses the SI system of units including fundamental units like meters, kilograms, and seconds. It also covers prefixes that are used with SI units to denote larger or smaller quantities. Derived units and dimensional analysis are introduced. The document also discusses measurement precision, significant figures, scientific notation, and estimating order of magnitude. Calculating with measurements and expressing uncertainty are also summarized.
Electric fields
Electric fields describe the transmission of forces between charged objects. A charge creates an electric field that exerts forces on other charges. The electric field strength is measured in newtons per coulomb and represents the amount of force per unit of charge. The direction of an electric field is drawn to show the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge placed at that point.
Electric circuits
1) This document discusses basic electric circuits including potential difference, voltage, current, resistance, Ohm's law, and different circuit configurations like series, parallel and compound circuits.
2) Key principles include that electric potential difference drives current flow, circuits require a closed path and energy source, and Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
3) Circuit analysis involves applying concepts like voltage division in series circuits and current division in parallel circuits to calculate values like total resistance, current and voltage drops.
Refraction and lenses
1) Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another, causing its speed and direction to change. As light passes from air into water, its speed decreases and its path bends toward the normal line.
2) Lenses use refraction to bend light rays. A converging lens brings light rays to a focal point on both sides of the lens, forming real, inverted images. A diverging lens spreads light rays out, forming virtual, upright images.
3) Ray diagrams use three rules to model how light rays bend when passing through lenses and mirrors, predicting image location, size, and orientation. Converging lenses are used in eyes, cameras, and magnifying glasses to focus light
Interactions of waves11
Waves can interfere when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. When waves reflect off surfaces, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection according to the law of reflection. Refraction occurs when waves pass from one medium to another with a different speed, causing the waves to bend. Standing waves form when waves reflect back on themselves, creating nodes of no displacement and antinodes of maximum displacement.
Interactions of waves11
Waves can interfere when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. When a wave encounters a boundary, it can be reflected. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. Refraction occurs when a wave passes from one medium to another of different density, changing the wave's direction. Standing waves occur when a traveling wave is reflected back on itself, forming areas of maximum and minimum displacement.
Interactions of waves
Waves can interact in several ways when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference happens when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. Reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface, obeying the law of reflection. Refraction is when a wave changes speed and direction as it enters a new medium. Standing waves form from the interference of traveling waves reflecting back on themselves, creating nodes and antinodes. Resonance amplifies vibrations at an object's natural frequency.
Waves and vibrations
This document defines and classifies waves, describing mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It explains that mechanical waves require a medium and can be longitudinal or transverse. Longitudinal waves involve compression and rarefaction, while transverse waves involve up-and-down or side-to-side motion perpendicular to the propagation direction. The document also describes key characteristics of waves like wavelength, amplitude, frequency, period, and how to calculate wave speed using wavelength and frequency. An example is provided of students conducting a slinky experiment to study how variables affect wave speed.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Electrostatics
- 1. Electrostatics Honors Physics
- 2. Electric Charge “Charge” is a property of subatomic particles. Facts about charge: There are 2 types basically, positive (protons) and negative (electrons) LIKE charges REPEL and OPPOSITE charges ATTRACT Charges are symbolic of fluids in that they can be in 2 states, STATIC or DYNAMIC.
- 3. Electric Charge – The specifics •The symbol for CHARGE is “q” •The unit is the COULOMB(C), Some important named after Charles Coulomb •If we are talking about a SINGLE constants: charged particle such as 1 electron or 1 proton we are referring to an ELEMENTARY charge and often use, e , to symbolize this. Particle Charge Mass Proton 1.6x10-19 C 1.67 x10-27 kg Electron -1.6x10-19 C 9.11 x10-31 kg Neutron 0 1.67 x10-27 kg
- 4. Charge is “CONSERVED” Charge cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one object to another. Even though these 2 charges attract initially, they repel after touching. Notice the NET charge stays the same.
- 5. Conductors and Insulators The movement of charge is limited by the substance the charge is trying to pass through. There are generally 2 types of substances. Conductors: Allow charge to move readily through it. Insulators: Restrict the movement of the charge Conductor = Copper Wire Insulator = Plastic sheath
- 6. Charging and Discharging There are basically 2 ways you can charge something. “BIONIC is the first-ever ionic formula mascara. The primary ingredient in 1. Charge by friction BIONIC is a chain molecule with a positive charge. The friction caused by 2. Induction sweeping the mascara brush across lashes causes a negative charge. Since opposites attract, the positively charged formula adheres to the negatively charged lashes for a dramatic effect that lasts all day.”
- 7. Induction and Grounding The second way to charge something is via INDUCTION, which requires NO PHYSICAL CONTACT. We bring a negatively charged rod near a neutral sphere. The protons in the sphere localize near the rod, while the electrons are repelled to the other side of the sphere. A wire can then be brought in contact with the negative side and allowed to touch the GROUND. The electrons will always move towards a more massive objects to increase separation from other electrons, leaving a NET positive sphere behind.
- 8. Electric Force One of the four fundamental forces Push/pull between charged particles 1 q1q2 FE q1q2 FE 2 FE r r2 k constantof proportionality Nm 2 9 k Coulomb constant 8.99 x10 C2 qq FE k 1 2 2 Coulomb' s Law r
- 9. Example Calculate the separation distance between a 12C charge and a 6C charge is the electric force between them is 136.5 N q1q2 q1q2 Fe k 2 r k r Fe 9(12)(6) r (8.99 ) 68,900.31 m (136.5)