Electric fields
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Electric fields describe the transmission of forces between charged objects. A charge creates an electric field that exerts forces on other charges. The electric field strength is measured in newtons per coulomb and represents the amount of force per unit of charge. The direction of an electric field is drawn to show the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge placed at that point.
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Static electricity (shinta 9.3)
Static electricity is a collection of large amounts of electric charge that does not flow, but discharges very quickly. It is generated when objects become electrically charged by gaining or losing electrons. There are two types of electrostatic discharge - gaining a positive charge through induction or becoming neutral. Coulomb's law describes the proportional relationship between the electric force between two charged objects and their charges and distance. Electrical induction involves the transfer of electrons and separation of charge when charged objects are near each other. The electric field is the region around charged objects where electric forces can be detected, and electric potential is a measure of the work required to move electric charge between two points.
Electric field
- Electric charge is quantized and can only exist in integer multiples of the elementary charge of electrons and protons. Charge is conserved in nuclear decay processes.
- Coulomb's law describes the electric force between two point charges. The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a test charge. Gauss's law relates the net electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge.
- The electric field due to symmetric charge distributions like point charges, spherical charge distributions, and charged plates can be calculated using Gauss's law. This allows determining electric fields without calculating the contributions of individual charges.
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1. A field is defined as a property of space in which a material object experiences a force. For example, above the earth there is a gravitational field where a mass experiences a downward force.
2. The electric field is a vector field that exists around an electric charge even when no other charges are present. The direction of the electric field points away from a positive charge and towards a negative charge.
3. The electric field strength is defined as the force experienced by a hypothetical positive test charge per unit of charge, located at that point in space.
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- A compass needle aligns with the Earth's magnetic field, pointing north. However, the North Magnetic Pole is actually the south magnetic pole.
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When two objects are rubbed together, one gains electrons and becomes negatively charged while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged. This transfer of electrons creates an electric field between the charged objects. Electric fields are represented by electric field lines that are drawn from positive to negative charges, never cross, and are closer together where the field is stronger. Opposite charges attract while like charges repel each other according to the behavior of electric fields.
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GUASS LAW
Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed by the surface. It can be used to calculate the electric field due to various charge distributions like:
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- An infinite line charge, where the electric field is directed radially outward and its magnitude depends only on the distance from the wire.
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2. The electric field is a vector field that exists around an electric charge even when no other charges are present. The direction of the electric field points away from a positive charge and towards a negative charge.
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When two objects are rubbed together, one gains electrons and becomes negatively charged while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged. This transfer of electrons creates an electric field between the charged objects. Electric fields are represented by electric field lines that are drawn from positive to negative charges, never cross, and are closer together where the field is stronger. Opposite charges attract while like charges repel each other according to the behavior of electric fields.
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Electrostatics
This document discusses electrostatics and Coulomb's law. It explains that electric charge arises from forces between charges described by Coulomb's law, which is similar to Newton's law of gravitation. Charged objects create electric fields in the space around them, represented by field lines. Field lines have direction and indicate the strength and direction of the electric force. The document defines electric field strength and discusses how charged particles move when introduced to an electric field, whether they move along or perpendicular to the field lines. It provides examples of practical applications of these electrostatics concepts in devices like X-ray tubes and particle accelerators.
10.1 describing fields 2015
1) Gravitational and electric fields can be described by their field strength, which is defined as the force exerted per unit mass or charge.
2) Gravitational field strength is calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation, while electric field strength uses Coulomb's law.
3) The electric potential at a point is defined as the work required to move a unit charge from infinity to that point, and equipotentials are surfaces or lines of constant potential.
10.1 describing fields 2017
1) Gravitational and electric fields can be described by their field strength, which is defined as the force exerted per unit mass or charge.
2) Coulomb's law and Newton's law of gravitation describe the relationship between field strength and distance from the source of the field. Field strength decreases with the inverse square of the distance.
3) Electric and gravitational potential are scalar quantities that represent the potential energy per unit mass or charge. Potential increases as distance from the source decreases. Equipotential lines represent regions of constant potential.
Electricity
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electricity and electrostatics, including:
1. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative and is measured in coulombs. Charging methods include friction, conduction, and induction.
2. Coulomb's law describes the proportional relationship between the electrostatic force between two point charges and the product of their magnitudes over the square of the distance between them.
3. Electric fields are defined as the force exerted on a test charge at a point. Electric flux is the number of field lines passing through a given area. Gauss's law relates electric flux to the enclosed charge.
4. Electric potential is the work required
Electric Fields
The document discusses electric fields and electrostatics. It explains that when objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred causing objects to become charged. It then discusses Coulomb's law which states that the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It provides equations for calculating electric field strength, potential, and force experienced by charges in fields.
Electrostatics
This document discusses electrostatics and covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less:
The origin and types of electricity are explained along with the different mediums of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Coulomb's law describes the force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges. Electric field, electric field intensity, and electric lines of force are defined in relation to the region around an electric charge.
Dielectric materials-3.pptx
Dielectric materials are able to transmit electric force without conduction. When an external electric field is applied to a dielectric material, it induces several types of polarization within the material. The main types are electronic, ionic, orientational, and space charge polarization. Electronic polarization occurs due to the displacement of nuclei and electrons within atoms. Ionic polarization is the displacement of cations and anions in ionic solids. Orientational polarization is the alignment of permanent molecular dipoles in materials like CH3Cl. Space charge polarization results from the accumulation of charges at interfaces in multiphase materials. The total polarization of a material is the sum of these contributions and results in an increased electric flux density and relative permittivity compared to vacuum
George Cross Electromagnetism Electric Field Lecture27 (2)
Electric field, field of multiple charges, field of continuous charge, parallel plate capacitor, motion of charge in electric field, motion of dipole in field
Electric fields revisited
Electric fields are regions where charged particles experience forces. The strength of an electric field is defined by the force it exerts on a test charge placed within the field and can be calculated using the formula E=F/q, where E is electric field strength, F is the force on the test charge, and q is the charge of the test charge. The direction of the electric field is defined as the direction in which a positive test charge would experience force.
Stem Grade 12 - Physics 2 -Electric-Fields-and-Energy.pptx
This document discusses electric fields and how they are created by electric charges. It defines what an electric field is and how the direction and strength of the electric field depends on the location of electric charges. It also explains that the electric field lines emanate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges. The document further discusses how to calculate the total electric field from multiple charges using vector addition and the properties of electric fields between conducting plates.
electrical_potential_ppt6mrwilson_azedit.ppt
1) Electrical potential energy, also called voltage, is the energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field. Charges placed in an electric field gain potential energy, and charges moved against an electric field lose potential energy as they do work.
2) The electric potential is defined as the electrical potential energy per unit charge. It represents the voltage or potential difference between two points. Work done to move a charge between two points can be calculated from the potential difference and amount of charge moved.
3) Batteries provide a source of potential energy by establishing a potential difference that forces electrons at the negative terminal to have a higher potential energy than at the positive terminal. When a conducting path such as a resist
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George Cross Electromagnetism Electric Field Lecture27 (2)
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Measurement
Measurement and units are important concepts in physics. The document discusses the SI system of units including fundamental units like meters, kilograms, and seconds. It also covers prefixes that are used with SI units to denote larger or smaller quantities. Derived units and dimensional analysis are introduced. The document also discusses measurement precision, significant figures, scientific notation, and estimating order of magnitude. Calculating with measurements and expressing uncertainty are also summarized.
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1) This document discusses basic electric circuits including potential difference, voltage, current, resistance, Ohm's law, and different circuit configurations like series, parallel and compound circuits.
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Electrostatics
- Electrostatics is the study of electric charges at rest. Charges can be positive or negative. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
- There are two types of charges - protons have a positive elementary charge (+1.6x10-19 C) while electrons have a negative elementary charge (-1.6x10-19 C). Charge is conserved in that it cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
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Refraction and lenses
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2) Lenses use refraction to bend light rays. A converging lens brings light rays to a focal point on both sides of the lens, forming real, inverted images. A diverging lens spreads light rays out, forming virtual, upright images.
3) Ray diagrams use three rules to model how light rays bend when passing through lenses and mirrors, predicting image location, size, and orientation. Converging lenses are used in eyes, cameras, and magnifying glasses to focus light
Interactions of waves11
Waves can interfere when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. When waves reflect off surfaces, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection according to the law of reflection. Refraction occurs when waves pass from one medium to another with a different speed, causing the waves to bend. Standing waves form when waves reflect back on themselves, creating nodes of no displacement and antinodes of maximum displacement.
Interactions of waves11
Waves can interfere when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. When a wave encounters a boundary, it can be reflected. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. Refraction occurs when a wave passes from one medium to another of different density, changing the wave's direction. Standing waves occur when a traveling wave is reflected back on itself, forming areas of maximum and minimum displacement.
Interactions of waves
Waves can interact in several ways when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference happens when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. Reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface, obeying the law of reflection. Refraction is when a wave changes speed and direction as it enters a new medium. Standing waves form from the interference of traveling waves reflecting back on themselves, creating nodes and antinodes. Resonance amplifies vibrations at an object's natural frequency.
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This document defines and classifies waves, describing mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It explains that mechanical waves require a medium and can be longitudinal or transverse. Longitudinal waves involve compression and rarefaction, while transverse waves involve up-and-down or side-to-side motion perpendicular to the propagation direction. The document also describes key characteristics of waves like wavelength, amplitude, frequency, period, and how to calculate wave speed using wavelength and frequency. An example is provided of students conducting a slinky experiment to study how variables affect wave speed.
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Electric fields
- 2. Fields and forces • The concept of a field is used to describe any quantity that has a value for all points in space. • You can think of the field as the way forces are transmitted between objects. • Charge creates an electric field that creates forces on other charges.
- 3. Fields and forces • Mass creates a gravitational field that exerts forces on other masses.
- 4. Fields and forces • Gravitational forces are far weaker than electric forces.
- 5. Determining the Electric Field • E = F/q • E = Electric Field Strength (N/C) q = amount of charge F = force on charge
- 7. Drawing the electric field
- 8. Drawing the electric field • E = F/q • E = Electric Field Strength (N/C) q = amount of charge F = force on charge • • The direction of an electric field is drawn to show how the field acts on positive charge (Decided by convention)
- 9. Electric fields and electric force • On the Earth’s surface, the gravitational field creates 9.8 N of force on each kilogram of mass. • With gravity, the strength of the field is in newtons per kilogram (N/kg) because the field describes the amount of force per kilogram of mass.
- 10. Electric fields and electric force • With the electric field, the strength is in newtons per coulomb (N/C). • The electric field describes the amount of force per coulomb of charge.
- 12. Electric Fields and Sharks