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1. What is Emotional Intelligence?
Emotions are involved in everything people do: every action, decision and
judgement. Everyoneexperiences and relates their feelings and emotions in day to day
life. Emotions have valuable information about relationships, behavior and every
aspect of the human life around us. Emotionally intelligent people recognize this and
use their thinking to manage their emotions rather than being managed by them.
Emotional intelligence (EI) concept has become a very important indicator of a
person’s knowledge, skills and abilities in workplace, school and personal life. The
most recent research shows that emotions are constructive and do contribute to
enhance performance and better decision making both job and in private life.
With advances in neuroscience (the scientific study of nerves and especially of how
nervesaffect learningand behavior) and brainimagingtechniques,scientists understand
the way that the human brain works. They are able to distinguish between the
emotional Centre of the brain – which gives to feeling and emotions – from the
neocortex, which is responsible for our thinking and reasoning. Today most scientists
believe that our emotions are well involved in the rational decisions and choices we
make. There is an increasing evidence that emotional intelligence has greater impact
on our ability to learn and our future success.
Emotional Intelligence
- Emotional intelligence or Emotional quotient (EQ) was introduced by DanielGoleman.
- was popularized as a result of Daniel Goleman’s (1995) work.
- canbe defined as theability to monitorone’s ownand otherpeople’s emotion, to
discriminatebetweendifferentemotions and labelthem appropriately,and touse
emotionalinformationtoguidethinkingand behavior.
EQ – refers to the ability of thepersonto accuratelyperceive,evaluate,express andregulate
emotionsandfeelings.
There are lots of arguments aboutthedefinitionofemotionalIntelligence. As the field
is growingso rapidly thatresearchersareconstantly amendingtheirowndefinitions.Some
definitions areas below:
AccordingtoSalovey And Mayer(1990)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Theabilityto monitorone’sownandothers’feelings andemotions,to discriminateamong
them andto usethis informationto guideone’s thinking andactions.”
According ReuvenBar-On(1996)emotionalintelligenceis:
“An arrayof non-cognitive(emotionalandsocial) capabilities,competenciesandskillsthat
influence one’sabilityto succeedin coping withenvironmental demands andpressures”.

2. AccordingtoSixSeconds Team(1997)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Thecapacitatesto create optimalresults in yourelationships withyourselfandothers.”
AccordingtoMauriceElias (2001)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Emotionalintelligenceisthesetof capabilities that welike to think of as beingonthe other
sideof the reportcard from academicskills.”
AccordingtoPeter Salovey and JohnMayer(2002)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Theabilityto perceiveemotions, to access and generateemotionsso as to assistthought,to
understandemotionsandemotionalmeanings,andreflectively regulateemotionsinways that
promoteemotionalandintellectualgrowth.”
AccordingtoHein (2005,2008,and 2009)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Thementalabilitywe arebornwith which gives ouremotionalsensitivityandpotential for
emotionalmanagementskillsthathelpusmaximizeourlongterm health,healthhappiness and
survival.”(2005)
“Knowinghowto separatehealthyfromunhealthyfeelings andhowto turn negativefeelings
into positiveones.” (2008)
“Emotionalintelligenceistheinnatepotentialto feel, use, communicate,recognize,remember,
learnfrom, manage,understandandexplainemotions.”(2009)
AccordingtoTravis Bradberry andJeanGreaves (2009)emotionalintelligenceis:
“Emotionalintelligenceisyourabilityto recognizeandunderstandemotionsinyourselfand
others,andyourability to use this awareness to manageyourbehaviorandrelationships.”
According to Golis Chris (2009) emotionalintelligence is:
“EQis achievingSelig-AndSocialMasterby beingsmartwith coreemotions.”
Threemajormodels:
 Ability Models regard emotional intelligence as a pure formof mental ability and thus as a pure
intelligence
―The ability to perceive emotion,
integrate emotion to facilitate thought,
understand emotions and
to regulate emotions to promote personal growth.‖
This modelof EI includes fourtypes ofabilities:
1. Perceivingemotions —the ability to identify and interpretemotions infaces,
pictures and voices – includingtheability toidentify one‘s ownemotions.

3. 2. Usingemotions —the ability touse emotions to facilitatevarious cognitiveactivities,
such as thinkingand problemsolving.Theemotionally intelligent personcanbe
benefited inhis or herchangingmoods inany work.
3. Understandingemotions —theability to comprehend emotionlanguageand to
appreciatecomplicated relationships amongemotions.Forexample, understanding
emotions includethe ability tobe sensitiveto slightvariationsbetweenemotions,and
the ability to recognizeand describehow emotions grow overtime.
4. Managingemotions —the ability to regulate emotions inboth ourselves and in
others. Therefore, the emotionally intelligent personcantie together emotions,even
negativeones, and managethem to achieveintended goals.
 Mixed models of emotional intelligence combine mental ability withpersonality characteristics
such as optimism and well-being.
Reuven Bar-On (2006) developed the first measuring tool of emotional intelligence that was
used as the term ―Emotional Quotient‖.
He defines emotional intelligence as, understand oneself and others, relating well to
people, and adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings to be more successful in
dealing with environmental demands. Bar-On‘s model of emotional intelligence relates to the
potential for performance and success, rather than performance or success itself, and is
considered process-oriented rather than outcome-oriented (Bar-On, 2002).
It focuses on (1) a group of emotionaland socialabilities,includingtheability tobe
awareof,understand,and express oneself,and theability to be awareof,understand,and
relate to others, (2) the ability to deal withstrong emotions, and the ability to adapt to change
and solve problems of a social or personal nature (Bar-On, 1997). Bar-Onmentioned that
emotionalintelligence develops over time and thatit canbe improved through training,
programmingand therapy (Bar-On,2002).
Bar-On found that individuals with higher than average E.Q.‘s are in general more successful
in meeting environmental demands and pressures and deficiency in emotional intelligence can
mean a lack of success and the existence of emotional problems.
In general, Bar-On considers emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence to contribute
equally to a person‘s general intelligence, which then offers an indication of one‘s potential to
succeed in life (Bar-On, 2002).
According to the Bar-On model,
emotional-social intelligence is,
―a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social competencies,
skills and facilitators that determine how well we understand and express ourselves,
understand others and relate with them,
and cope with daily demands, challenges and pressures‖

4.  TraitModels of emotional intelligence refers to an individual’s self-perceptions of their
emotional abilities.
illustrates Goleman‘s conceptualmodel of emotional intelligence and corresponding emotional
competencies. The constructsand competencies fall under one of four categories: the
recognition of emotions in oneself or others and the regulation of emotion in oneself or others.
Goleman‘s new model outlines four main EIconstructs:
1. Self-awareness —the ability toread one‘s emotions and recognizetheirimpactwhile
usinggut feelings to guidedecisions.
- the ability to sense,understand,and reacttoothers‘ emotions whilecomprehending
socialnetworks.
2. Self-management—involvescontrollingone‘s emotions andimpulses andadaptingto changing
circumstances.
3. Relationshipmanagement—the ability toinspire,influence,and develop others while
managingconflict.Golemandefineemotionalintelligence as
“the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others,
for motivating ourselves,
for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships.”
The five components of EQ are the following:
1. Self-regulation – refers to the ability to calm down anxiety, control impulsiveness, and
react appropriately to anger.
- Is the ability tocontrol or redirectdisruptiveimpulses andmoods,and the
propensity tosuspend judgementand tothinkbefore acting.
- Is the ability tomonitorand control ourownbehavior,emotions,or
thoughts, alteringthem inaccordancewith thedemands ofthesituation..
2. Motivation – refers to the passion to work for reasons that go beyond money or status.
- A passions toworkforinternalreasons thatgo beyond money and status –
which areexternal rewards,such as aninnervisionofwhatis importantin
life, a joy indoingsomething,curiosity inlearning,a flow thatcomes with
beingimmersed inanactivity.Apropensity topursuegoals with energy and
persistence.
3. Empathy – refers to the ability to respond to the unspoken feeling of others.
- Is the ability tounderstand emotionalmakeup ofotherpeople. A skill in
treating people accordingtotheir emotionalreactions.

5. - is the ability tounderstand whatanotherpersonis feeling.Showing
empathy involves seeingthings fromanotherperson’s perspectivesothat
youcanunderstand andrelateto his or her feelings.
4. Self-awareness – refers to the awareness of one’s own personality or individuality.
- Is havinga clearperceptionofyourpersonality,includingstrengths,
weaknesses,thoughts,beliefs,motivationand emotions. Self-awareness
allows you to understand otherpeople,how they perceiveyou, your
attitudes,and yourresponses tothem inthe moment.
- In other words,itis all aboutknowingyouremotions,yourpersonal
strengths and weaknesses,and havinga strongsenseof yourownworth.
5. Social skills – refers to the proficiency to manage relationships and building networks.
- Socialskillis any skill facilitatinginteractionandcommunicationwith
others. Socialrules and relations arecreated,communicated,and changed
inverbalways and nonverbalways.Theprocess oflearningthese skills is
called socialization.
- In other words,socialskills arethe skills we use to communicateand
interactwith each other, both verbally and non-verbally,through gestures,
body languageand ourpersonalappearance.Humanbeings aresociable
creatures and wehavedeveloped many ways to communicateourmessages,
thoughts and feelings with others.
AdvantagesofEmotional Intelligence:
The advantages emotional intelligence are as below:
 improves relationships with human beings
 improves communication with people;
 makes better empathy skills;
 acting with integrity;
 helps youto get respect fromothers;
 to improve career prospects;
 managing change more confidently;
 enjoy the workwholeheartedly;
 feeling confident and positive in attitude;
 to reduce stress levels;
 to increase creativity;
 to learn from mistakes.

6. Conclusion:
Emotionalintelligence is a key to relate well to others and achievinggoals,becausethe
humanworld is allaboutrelationships.Onecanobserveoneselfand feel comfortableto
understand other’s feelings,social-awareness andsocialdisorderbehavioreveninadverse
condition,betterself-control, socialdecisionmaking,etc.also canbe broughtpositively and
success ratiocanbeincreased.Thus,tobe successfulonerequires havingeffectiveawareness;
control, and managementofone’s ownemotion; and awarenessand understandingofother
people.
SITTIE AINAD. ABDULLAH
GROUP III REPORTER