Egr unit-2 ppt
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Vehicular traffic is a major contributor to environmental pollution today. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from vehicle exhaust are particularly harmful, as they are constituents of smog and contribute to acid rain and respiratory illnesses. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective method to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating exhaust gas back into the engine cylinders, which lowers combustion temperatures and reduces the amount of oxygen available for NOx formation.
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This document presents information on engine emissions and control methods. It discusses the different types of exhaust emissions from engines, including unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and particulates. It also examines non-exhaust emissions and the factors that influence emissions levels. Emission control methods covered include thermal converters and catalytic converters, which use platinum, palladium and rhodium to convert harmful exhaust gases into less harmful emissions. Problems with catalytic converters like cold starts and non-exhaust emissions are also outlined.
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Emission controls techniques ppt
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The emission control system reduces pollutants from vehicle exhaust by using several components. The positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system and evaporative emission (EVAP) system reduce hydrocarbons, while the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and three-way catalytic converter (TWC) lower nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These work together to minimize harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter that can impact human health.
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Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution and produce various harmful pollutants such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants cause negative health impacts like respiratory disease, cancer, and can also cause acid rain and ozone depletion. To reduce these emissions, modern vehicles employ emission control techniques like catalytic converters, exhaust gas recirculation, air injection systems, evaporative emission controls, and use of alternative fuels or hybrid vehicle systems. Proper emission control is necessary to improve engine performance while reducing environmental and health impacts.
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This document discusses the components and operation of internal combustion engines. It describes key engine parts like the piston, valves, connecting rods and crankshaft. It explains the four strokes of an internal combustion engine: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Internal combustion engines are found in cars and many other machines. While engines provide transportation benefits, they also negatively impact the environment through air pollution and the toxic carbon monoxide in exhaust.
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This document provides an overview of exhaust gas recirculation systems. It discusses how nitrogen oxides (NOx) form in diesel engines due to high combustion temperatures. Exhaust gas recirculation reduces NOx by diluting the oxygen in incoming air with inert exhaust gases, lowering in-cylinder temperatures. The basic components of an EGR system include an EGR valve, cooler, and transfer pipe to recirculate a portion of exhaust back to the intake manifold. By reducing oxygen levels and peak combustion temperatures, EGR decreases NOx emissions while improving engine efficiency and life. However, EGR can also reduce power output if oxygen levels are decreased too much.
Exhaust gas recirculation ( egr) system
Namaskar
I am asheesh kushwaha and this slide is shered by me for export knowledge who has need it . If you like this pls follow us .
Thank you
Combine Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Varying Inlet Air Press...
Abstract: To meet stringent vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pre-treatment and
post treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Also concern of environmental pollution and
energy crisis all over the world have caused the research attention on reduction of diesel engine exhaust
emissions and saving of energy simultaneously. This investigation mainly focuses on reducing exhaust emission
and energy saving by investigating diesel combustion with neat diesel fuel and a new attachment of pressurized
inlet air with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system. Experiment was conducted in a four stroke direct
injection water cooled constant speed diesel engine with pressurize inlet air attachment and EGR system, which
is typically used in agricultural farm machinery. EGR was applied to the experimental engine separately and
also with varying pressure of inlet air. In this study, compressor was used to pressurize the inlet air. The
experiments were carried out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for combine effect
different EGR rates and varying inlet air pressure of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), NOx, carbon
monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature of the exhaust gas were measured. Performance
parameters such as Brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated. It was
found that combined effect of pressurize inlet air attachment and EGR system provided better result on engine
performance than individual EGR effect. Reductions in NOx and exhaust gas temperature were observed but
emissions of HC, CO and CO2 were found to have increased with combine usage of EGR and inlet air pressure.
Thus the modified engine provides more NOx reduction and better fuel economy without reducing useful
characteristics (brake power, brake thermal efficiency etc) of the engine.
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This document describes the design, development, and analysis of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for a compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled spark ignition engine. The EGR system was tested on a 3-cylinder gasoline engine at different EGR percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). EGR reduced oxides of nitrogen emissions by 45-90% but increased carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon emissions. CNG with EGR produced lower emissions than gasoline with EGR. The EGR system improved engine performance and reduced fuel consumption, making it an efficient and eco-friendly technology for controlling emissions.
Engine Emissions at Various Cetane Numbers with Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Typical engine fuels are blends of various fuels species, i.e., multi component. Thus, the original
single component fuel vaporization model was replaced by a multi component fuel vaporization model .The
model has been extended to model diesel sprays under typical diesel conditions, including the effect of fuel
cetane number variation .Necessary modifications were carried out at the various cooling rates. Found the
performance of the diesel engine under various cooling rates at various cetane numbers, also various quantities
of exhaust gas was re circulated and found performance of the engine
EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
Emission control technique report
The document discusses various technologies used to reduce vehicle emissions, including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), catalytic converters, air injection, fuel evaporative emission control, hybrid vehicles, and alternate fuels. EGR works by recirculating a portion of exhaust gases back into the engine cylinders to reduce combustion temperatures and nitrogen oxide emissions. Catalytic converters use catalyzed chemical reactions to convert toxic pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in exhaust into less toxic substances. Other technologies aim to control evaporative emissions from the fuel system and reduce emissions through the use of hybrid powertrains or alternative low-emission fuels.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Exhaust gas-recirculation-in-four-stroke-engine
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a method to reduce NOx emissions from engines. It works by recirculating exhaust gases back into the engine cylinders, which reduces oxygen and lowers combustion temperatures. This prevents nitrogen and oxygen from combining to form harmful NOx. The basic parts of an EGR system are the EGR valve, EGR cooler, and EGR transfer pipe. EGR lowers NOx by up to 70% but introduces complexity that must be carefully controlled to avoid degradation and instability over many operating conditions. Further development aims to improve durability and integration with engine management systems.
AICE- UNIT-3.pptx
The document discusses emission formation and control. It describes the mechanisms of formation of NOx, HC, CO, and particulate emissions from engines. Methods of controlling emissions discussed include three-way catalytic converters, particulate traps, and EGR. Measurement equipment for emissions include chemiluminescence detectors for NOx and FID for HC. Smoke and particulate are measured using light extinction and filtering methods. International and national emission standards like Euro norms and Bharat Stage norms in India are also overviewed.
advanced engine automobile EMISSION CONTROL
This document discusses emission formation and control. It describes the mechanisms of formation for NOx, HC, CO, and particulate emissions. Thermal NOx, fuel NOx, and prompt NOx are discussed. Methods for controlling emissions include fuel system optimization, exhaust gas recirculation, catalytic converters, and particulate traps. Three-way catalytic converters and their components are explained. Particulate traps and exhaust gas recirculation systems are also summarized. Emission measurement equipment and standards are mentioned.
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Complete presentation Low res
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This document discusses sources of vehicle emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It notes that emissions come from the engine crankcase, fuel vapors, and the engine exhaust. The key pollutants are carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. It describes how the catalytic converter and positive crankcase ventilation system work to reduce emissions by converting pollutants into less harmful gases before being exhausted. Maintaining vehicles and driving habits like avoiding excessive idling can also help reduce emissions and their impacts on climate change and health.
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This document is a PowerPoint presentation about chemical reactions. It discusses different types of chemical reactions like combustion reactions, which produce heat or heat and light. It explains that oxygen, heat, and fuel make up the "fire triangle" and are needed to create fire. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Examples like the cooktop stove and combustion engines in cars are provided to illustrate the fire triangle and chemical reactions.
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Smart Emission Control System
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The document discusses combustion, which is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen and gives off heat, and covers topics such as what fuels are, how fires start and spread, the different types of combustion, and some of the harmful products that result from burning fuels like carbon dioxide and acid rain. It also provides examples of activities one can do to observe combustion like using a candle inside a chimney or glass and exploring what affects the flame.
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I am asheesh kushwaha and this slide is shered by me for export knowledge who has need it . If you like this pls follow us .
Thank you
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post treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Also concern of environmental pollution and
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is typically used in agricultural farm machinery. EGR was applied to the experimental engine separately and
also with varying pressure of inlet air. In this study, compressor was used to pressurize the inlet air. The
experiments were carried out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for combine effect
different EGR rates and varying inlet air pressure of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), NOx, carbon
monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature of the exhaust gas were measured. Performance
parameters such as Brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated. It was
found that combined effect of pressurize inlet air attachment and EGR system provided better result on engine
performance than individual EGR effect. Reductions in NOx and exhaust gas temperature were observed but
emissions of HC, CO and CO2 were found to have increased with combine usage of EGR and inlet air pressure.
Thus the modified engine provides more NOx reduction and better fuel economy without reducing useful
characteristics (brake power, brake thermal efficiency etc) of the engine.
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Typical engine fuels are blends of various fuels species, i.e., multi component. Thus, the original
single component fuel vaporization model was replaced by a multi component fuel vaporization model .The
model has been extended to model diesel sprays under typical diesel conditions, including the effect of fuel
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Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a method to reduce NOx emissions from engines. It works by recirculating exhaust gases back into the engine cylinders, which reduces oxygen and lowers combustion temperatures. This prevents nitrogen and oxygen from combining to form harmful NOx. The basic parts of an EGR system are the EGR valve, EGR cooler, and EGR transfer pipe. EGR lowers NOx by up to 70% but introduces complexity that must be carefully controlled to avoid degradation and instability over many operating conditions. Further development aims to improve durability and integration with engine management systems.
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This document discusses emissions and emission control strategies in internal combustion engines. It covers the formation of various emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and particulates in both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. It also discusses emission control methods like catalytic converters and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The key points are: emissions form due to incomplete combustion and high temperatures; a three-way catalytic converter controls CO, HC, and NOx using platinum, palladium and rhodium; and EGR reduces NOx by lowering combustion temperatures but increases particulates.
Bx35430434
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Egr
- The document discusses exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems, which aim to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of exhaust gas back into the engine cylinders.
- EGR reduces NOx formation by increasing ignition delay, heat capacity, and diluting the combustion mixture. It has been shown to help engines meet strict EPA emissions requirements.
- EGR systems can be classified based on operating conditions, temperature, and pressure. The document focuses on how EGR lowers NOx by changing combustion chamber temperatures and chemistry.
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The document discusses various aspects of emissions and emission control in internal combustion engines. It covers the formation of CO, hydrocarbons, NOx and particulates in both diesel and gasoline engines. It also discusses various emission control techniques like catalytic converters, exhaust gas recirculation and particulate traps that are used to control engine-out emissions and help meet emission regulations. The highest level of control is achieved through precise fuel injection and ignition timing along with feedback from oxygen sensors in closed-loop three-way catalytic converter systems.
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Egr unit-2 ppt
- 1. Submitted By:- SANDEEP KUMAR MOHANTA 1301302009
- 2. Major problem environmental pollution is faced by today’s world. For which, vehicular traffic is a major contributor. Exhaust gases from vehicles includes CO,CO2,HC,Noxs etc. Of these NOx is particularly very harmful. These are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have an adverse effect on ecological systems. They are also contribute to the formation of acid rain. NOx also cause breathing illness in human beings.
- 3. The factors that cause diesel engines to run more efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to run at higher temperature. This leads to the creation of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some of the OXYGEN is used to burn the fuel. When the peak temperatures are high enough for long periods of time, the NITROGEN and OXYGEN in the air combines to form NITROGEN OXIDES. These are normally collectively referred to as “NOx”.
- 4. In order to reduce NOx an engine should run at a lower temperature than the normal temperature. Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three ways. 1. Enriching the air fuel mixture 2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding ignition timings 3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the cylinder
- 5. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method to reduce NOx emissions from the engine. It works by recirculating a quantity of exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. Intermixing the recirculated gas with incoming air reduces the amount of available O2 to the combustion And lowers the peak temperature of combustion. Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a route from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold. A control valve within the circuit regulates and times the gas flow.
- 6. There are 3 basic parts of EGR 1. EGR Valve 2. EGR Cooler 3. EGR Transfer Pipe
- 12. O2+N2 Gas In CO2,Nox,Etc out 5%-30% of NOx in to EGR EGR Valve open Mixed with O2 and enters to Engine
- 13. There are three operating conditions for EGR flow. 1. No EGR flow 2. Low EGR flow 3. High EGR flow
- 17. It reduce Nox and save the environment. It decreases the engine temperature. Improve Engine life through reduced cylinder temperature.
- 18. As EGR reduce O2 so it is difficult to combust the fuel. Continues reduction of O2 reduce the peak power required for the engine. EGR valves can’t responds all the time and it will take time to flow the EGR gases. As the amount of recirculated gas is less so for multicylinder engine the EGR gas is not reach in proper ratio.
- 19. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, the emissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of NOx entering the atmosphere. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It has proven to be very useful and it is being modified further to attain better standards. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption. EGR is the most effective method for reducing the Nitrous Oxide emissions from the engine exhaust.