The document discusses the present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. It notes there are two usages - unfinished and finished actions. For unfinished actions, the duration of an action started in the past and is still continuing up to the present. For finished actions, an action started in the past lasted for some time and its result is visible in the present. Examples of keywords that indicate each usage are provided, along with the structure of the present perfect continuous tense in positive, negative, and question forms. Finally, meanings of common keywords used with this tense are defined.

1. 1
UNIT 8 Grammar: Present perfect continuous

2. 2
Usages
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Төгс одоо үргэлжлэн буй цаг
There are only 2 usages. The usages can be named as: unfinished and finished actions
Unfinished action Keywords Examples
duration of an action started in the
past and still continuing up to the
present (with action verbs)
(ж байна, аад4 байна)
for, since, How long(?)
all morning, all day, all week
I have been teaching since 2005.
They’ve been talking all evening.
But they still haven’t reached an
agreement.
Finished action Keywords Examples
action started in the past and lasted for
some time; its result is visible in the
present
(аа4 юу2?, сан4 байна)
no keywords
Have you been running? You are so out
of breath.
The ground is so wet. It has been raining.
Өнгөрсөнд үргэлжлээд дууссан үйлдэл, үр дүн нь одоо буй
Өнгөрсөнд эхлээд өнөөг хүртэл үргэлжилж буй үйлдэл

3. 3
Structureandhaveorhas
Structure
Positive form S + have/has been + Ving + O + M He has been working at the bank for 5 years.
Negative form S + haven’t/hasn’t been + Ving + O + M He hasn’t been working at the bank for 5 years.
Question form Have/Has + S + been + Ving + O + M?
Has he been working at the bank for 5 years?
-No, he hasn’t.
-Yes, he has.
I/You/We/They/Students have They’ve been waiting for you for 30
minutes.
He / She / It / Dorj / Ariunaa has She has been watching movies since
morning.
have or has

4. 4
Meaningsofkeywords
Meanings of keywords
Keywords Meanings Examples
for турш I have been working here for about 5 years.
since -аас4 хойш They have been waiting for you since morning.
How long(?) Хэр удаан... How long have you been working out?
all morning, all day, all week... өглөөжингөө, өдөржингөө,
7 хоногжингоо
They have been playing all day.
recently, lately сүүлийн үед, ойрдоо Have you been eating a lot recently? You’ve
gained a lot of weight.

5. 5