1. GRAMMAR : PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple
The present perfect, express an action that is still going on or that stopped recently.
Is formed by the verb have plus the conditional of the verb which we are talking about.
Example: I have played football this morning/ She has gone to the cinema.
Positive Negative Question
I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken?
he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?
Use of Present Perfect
● puts emphasis on the result
● Example: She has written five letters.
● action that is still going on
● Example: School has not started yet.
● action that stopped recently
● Example: She has cooked dinner.
● finished action that has an influence on the present
● Example: I have lost my key.
● action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
● Example: I have never been to Australia.
● Signal Words of Present Perfect
● already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE
- We use the Past Simple tense to talk about a definite finished time in the past.
- We use the Present Perfect tense with time references that refer to the time up to now.
2. JUST/ ALREADY/ STILL/ YET
In affirmative sentences Dad’s just washed up. He finished a few minutes ago
In affirmative sentences Dad’s already washed up. It’s done but we don’t know when
In negative sentences Dad still hasn’t washed up. The dirty plates are still in the sink
In negative sentences Dad hasn’t washed up yet. The dirty plates are still in the sink
In questions Has Dad washed up yet? You want to know
For and since
We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use
since with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you.
For: I have gone to school for 12 years.
Since: I have gone to school since 1999.
VOCABULARY: The Internet
1_ Instant messaging: missatge instantani
2_ Personal web page: pàgina web personal
3_ Email: correu electronic
4_ File sharing: compartir arxius
5_ Chat room: xat restringit
6_ Message board: taulell d’anuncis
7_ Download: descarregar
8_ Online game: joc en línia
9_ Search engine: cercador
