The document discusses the history and development of guidance services in various regions including Europe, Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and the Philippines. It notes that guidance began taking shape in the late 19th century with pioneers like Frank Parsons establishing vocational bureaus. The movement grew in the early 20th century with contributions from individuals such as Jesse Davis, who established the first systematic guidance program in schools. Guidance continued developing through the works of theorists and practitioners. In the Philippines, guidance emerged in the 1930s and gained recognition through the establishment of organizations in the 1940s-1950s.
Early civilizations saw priests, philosophers, and religious figures take on advisory roles to counsel people. In ancient Greece, philosophers like Plato and Aristotle began recognizing concepts like developing one's potential. During the Middle Ages, churches provided education and guidance to youth through priests. The late 19th century saw the rise of social reform movements and the establishment of vocational guidance programs in schools. Major events and figures further legitimized and professionalized counseling and guidance, such as the founding of organizations like the American Counseling Association and the development of assessment tools and theoretical approaches.
This document provides information about career counseling. It discusses that career counseling aims to help individuals choose or change careers by understanding their interests and skills. It describes the roles of career counselors in providing assessments, advice, and guidance to help clients identify suitable career paths and goals. The history of career counseling is also summarized, tracing it back to Frank Parson's pioneering work establishing vocational guidance in the early 20th century.
Counseling involves a relationship between two individuals where one seeks help from a trained professional to solve problems and achieve goals. It is a structured process aimed at helping clients better understand themselves and enable positive action. Counseling uses various techniques and approaches, including active listening, understanding feelings, and confronting issues. It has several purposes, such as providing information, establishing understanding, helping create plans, and supporting educational and career choices. The counseling process involves exploratory, interpretive, and adjustment stages, and can utilize directive, non-directive, or eclectic approaches.
There are different types of career counseling based on approach and area. Approaches include directive counseling where the counselor guides the process, non-directive counseling which is client-centered, and eclectic counseling which uses elements of both. Areas of counseling include length of sessions (short or long term), number of clients (individual or group), and professional purpose (educational, vocational, or placement counseling). Educational counseling helps with school choices, vocational counseling assesses interests and skills for career paths, and placement counseling provides career information and development assistance.
This is a lecture slide on "Career Development Theories" of Career Management course. This course was taught by Prof. Dr. Nazrul Islam in Bangladesh University of Professionals in Spring 2020.
The document discusses the goals and roles of counseling. It outlines several goals of counseling including facilitating behavior change, improving relationships, enhancing coping skills, and promoting decision making. It also discusses that the goals should be decided by both the counselor and client. Additionally, it outlines some key qualities of effective counselors such as having a deep interest in people, patience, sensitivity, and emotional sanity. Finally, it discusses different views on the role of values and ethics in counseling, noting that while counselors' values inevitably influence clients, counselors should not directly impose their own values on clients.
This document outlines ethics codes and guidelines for guidance counselors. It discusses key ethical concepts like informed consent, confidentiality, privileged communication, and dual relationships. It provides steps for making ethical decisions and minimizing risks of multiple relationships. The document also outlines general ethical principles counselors should follow in their relationships with clients, the community, colleagues, and in research/publications. Counselors who violate the ethics code outlined here may face administrative penalties.
School guidance and counseling provides services mainly to students to support their social, academic, and personal development. It aims to ensure students' education and ease transitions between educational stages. Services include counseling, career development opportunities, research, new projects, prevention programs, and consultation. They are provided when extra support is needed in development areas and are aimed at helping both students and teachers. The services are delivered in schools by personnel including directors, coordinators, counselors, information officers, and advisors.
Early civilizations saw priests, philosophers, and religious figures take on advisory roles to counsel people. In ancient Greece, philosophers like Plato and Aristotle began recognizing concepts like developing one's potential. During the Middle Ages, churches provided education and guidance to youth through priests. The late 19th century saw the rise of social reform movements and the establishment of vocational guidance programs in schools. Major events and figures further legitimized and professionalized counseling and guidance, such as the founding of organizations like the American Counseling Association and the development of assessment tools and theoretical approaches.
This document provides information about career counseling. It discusses that career counseling aims to help individuals choose or change careers by understanding their interests and skills. It describes the roles of career counselors in providing assessments, advice, and guidance to help clients identify suitable career paths and goals. The history of career counseling is also summarized, tracing it back to Frank Parson's pioneering work establishing vocational guidance in the early 20th century.
Counseling involves a relationship between two individuals where one seeks help from a trained professional to solve problems and achieve goals. It is a structured process aimed at helping clients better understand themselves and enable positive action. Counseling uses various techniques and approaches, including active listening, understanding feelings, and confronting issues. It has several purposes, such as providing information, establishing understanding, helping create plans, and supporting educational and career choices. The counseling process involves exploratory, interpretive, and adjustment stages, and can utilize directive, non-directive, or eclectic approaches.
There are different types of career counseling based on approach and area. Approaches include directive counseling where the counselor guides the process, non-directive counseling which is client-centered, and eclectic counseling which uses elements of both. Areas of counseling include length of sessions (short or long term), number of clients (individual or group), and professional purpose (educational, vocational, or placement counseling). Educational counseling helps with school choices, vocational counseling assesses interests and skills for career paths, and placement counseling provides career information and development assistance.
This is a lecture slide on "Career Development Theories" of Career Management course. This course was taught by Prof. Dr. Nazrul Islam in Bangladesh University of Professionals in Spring 2020.
The document discusses the goals and roles of counseling. It outlines several goals of counseling including facilitating behavior change, improving relationships, enhancing coping skills, and promoting decision making. It also discusses that the goals should be decided by both the counselor and client. Additionally, it outlines some key qualities of effective counselors such as having a deep interest in people, patience, sensitivity, and emotional sanity. Finally, it discusses different views on the role of values and ethics in counseling, noting that while counselors' values inevitably influence clients, counselors should not directly impose their own values on clients.
This document outlines ethics codes and guidelines for guidance counselors. It discusses key ethical concepts like informed consent, confidentiality, privileged communication, and dual relationships. It provides steps for making ethical decisions and minimizing risks of multiple relationships. The document also outlines general ethical principles counselors should follow in their relationships with clients, the community, colleagues, and in research/publications. Counselors who violate the ethics code outlined here may face administrative penalties.
School guidance and counseling provides services mainly to students to support their social, academic, and personal development. It aims to ensure students' education and ease transitions between educational stages. Services include counseling, career development opportunities, research, new projects, prevention programs, and consultation. They are provided when extra support is needed in development areas and are aimed at helping both students and teachers. The services are delivered in schools by personnel including directors, coordinators, counselors, information officers, and advisors.
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
The goals of counseling are to help individuals overcome immediate problems and become self-actualizing. It aims to assist clients in making rational decisions, growing positively to reach their full potential, and developing adequate adjustments to turn problematic situations into satisfaction. Counseling also helps clients better understand themselves, their interests, abilities, attitudes, and opportunities to inspire successful endeavors toward their goals. The overall goals are to achieve positive mental health and resolution of problems through the counseling process.
Mental health professions
Mental health providers are professionals whoย diagnose mental health conditions and provide treatment. Most have at least a master's degree or more-advanced education, training and credentials.
The document discusses important qualities and skills for counselors. It states that authenticity and the ability to form relationships are important for effective therapy. Personal factors like being emotionally stable and having self-awareness also impact outcomes. Counselors must be aware of their own values and not impose them on clients. Developing cultural competence requires understanding different worldviews. Issues like managing anxiety, countertransference, and self-care are discussed for beginning counselors.
Counseling is both a science and an art that aims to help clients understand themselves and their situations in order to solve problems and facilitate personal growth and change. It involves a professional relationship between a trained counselor and client to clarify the client's perspective and resolve emotional or interpersonal issues. Christian counseling specifically applies biblical principles using professional counseling techniques to treat clients' issues and stimulate their spiritual growth. The goals of counseling include facilitating behavior change, improving relationships and coping skills, and promoting overall development, including spiritual transformation through salvation.
This presentation gives you a glimpse of expanding and extending your understanding of individuals career development based on the theory of Frank Parsons.
Comparison and similarties and differences among psychotherapyMuhammad Musawar Ali
ย
This document compares and contrasts various psychotherapies. It discusses similarities and differences in their views of human nature, goals, roles of counselors, and techniques. Key similarities include a focus on human beings' positive aspects, cognitions and behaviors, psychological needs, and building rapport. Differences include views on the role of biology, unconsciousness, free will and the environment in human development. Goals and roles of counselors also vary between insight-focused versus action-oriented approaches. Techniques range from interpretation to homework assignments depending on the theory.
This document provides definitions and explanations of counselling from various sources. It discusses counselling as a process that focuses on personal growth and empowerment. It outlines the benefits of counselling for both employees and organizations. It also describes different types and approaches to counselling such as directive vs non-directive counselling and humanistic approaches developed by Carl Rogers. Key figures in the development of counselling theories are discussed, including Freud, Maslow and Gestalt therapy founders.
This document provides an overview of a course on counseling and psychotherapy. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are for students to understand counseling and psychotherapy principles, techniques, and strategies. It also covers the philosophical foundations of different counseling theories and compares counseling and psychotherapy. Theories are grouped into psychodynamic, experiential, action-oriented, systems-oriented, and postmodern approaches. Stages of the counseling process and categories of counseling approaches are defined.
This document discusses the ethical standards and guidelines that counselors must follow. It explains that counselors have responsibilities of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy towards their clients. Counseling relationships can be complicated due to power imbalances and clients' personal issues. Ethical codes provide guidance for counselors on what they can and cannot do. These codes are developed by counseling organizations and aim to safeguard clients' welfare, inform counselors' conduct, and hold counselors accountable.
Donald E. Super was a prominent psychologist and career development theorist. He was born in 1910 in Hawaii and received his doctorate from Oxford University. Super published his first book on vocational guidance in 1942 and went on to found career guidance services. He developed one of the most influential career development theories, which proposes that careers progress through five life stages defined by age and roles. The theory emphasizes that self-concept and balancing internal/external factors shape career choices over a person's life span and across multiple life roles. Super's work had a significant impact on the field of career counseling and remains influential today.
Chapter 2. Theories of career Development Choice.pptxAl Mady
ย
This document provides an overview of several major career development theories. It begins by defining what a theory is and what purpose theories serve. The document then outlines the "Big Seven" career development theories: 1) Trait and Factor Approaches, 2) Holland's Theory of Personality Types, 3) Development Theories including Super's Theory of Vocational Development and Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, 4) Learning and Cognitive Theories, 5) Theories of Embedded Career, 6) Psychodynamic Approaches, and 7) Anne Roe's Work Adjustment Theory. For each theory, the document briefly describes the origin and key concepts or principles of the theory.
Comprehensive Guidance And Counseling Programfaith.seals
ย
This document outlines the history and components of a comprehensive guidance and counseling program for students. It describes how the program is based on a state framework from 2003 and national school counseling standards. The program focuses on helping students develop skills in academic achievement, career development, personal/social development, and community involvement. It details the program's accomplishments over three years, which included evaluating needs, designing the program curriculum, and implementing systems like a social skills program. Future priorities include expanding career education, using data to guide decisions, and partnering with the community on cultural competence efforts.
Ethics are important in counseling to protect clients and set standards for counselors' behavior. There are five main ethical principles in counseling: beneficence, which means acting in the client's best interest; autonomy, which means respecting a client's right to make their own decisions; fidelity, which involves keeping commitments and being loyal and honest; justice, which is about treating all people fairly; and veracity, which means being honest. Counselors have a duty of care for clients and must act ethically to promote client welfare, rights, and goals.
This document discusses issues faced by beginning counselors. It is submitted by Francis Ric Angelo D. Lopez and other group members to their professor for their chapter on the counselor as a person and professional.
The group members are assigned different topics to report on, including the counselor as a therapeutic person, personal counseling for the counselor, becoming an effective multicultural counselor, and issues faced by beginning therapists.
The document then provides guidance for beginning counselors on dealing with challenges such as anxiety about their abilities and making mistakes. It emphasizes the importance of openly discussing anxieties with supervisors and peers, and of disclosing feelings in a genuine yet appropriate way to establish effective therapeutic relationships.
COUNSELLING APPROACHES Report no. 25 Marion A. Piczon.pptxMarionAgarpaoPiczon
ย
The document discusses various counseling approaches including psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive behavioral, rational emotive behavioral therapy, transactional analysis, and humanistic approaches. It provides descriptions of each approach's founding theorists, key philosophies and techniques, goals of therapy, and applications. Counseling approaches are differentiated based on how therapists interact with clients and are guided by theory and research.
William Glasser developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy which focus on meeting basic human needs. The five basic needs are survival, love/belonging, freedom, fun, and power. According to Glasser, all behavior is purposeful and aimed at satisfying one or more of these needs. In the classroom, Choice Theory emphasizes giving students choice in what and how they learn to engage their basic needs. Effective discipline involves students taking responsibility for their actions through negotiated contracts rather than punishment.
This document outlines guidelines for effective counseling services and sessions. It discusses maintaining confidentiality and objectivity as a counselor. Counselors should gather relevant information about clients through various tools like records and tests to understand their needs. During sessions, counselors should make clients feel comfortable sharing by actively listening without judgment and asking clarifying questions. The goal is to build trust and help clients discuss issues freely in a confidential and empathetic environment.
The document discusses the history and development of guidance in various parts of the world including the United States, Europe, and the Philippines. It outlines the key figures in establishing early guidance programs and movements. It also describes the typical organizational structure of guidance programs, listing the roles and responsibilities of different guidance personnel like administrators, teachers, counselors, specialists, librarians, parents, and the community. Basic principles for developing an effective organizational structure and guidance program are also presented.
The document discusses the history and development of guidance in the United States, Europe, and the Philippines from the early 20th century onward. It also outlines organizational models and structures for guidance programs, including defining roles for administrators, teachers, counselors, librarians, parents, and the community. Basic principles for developing an effective guidance program include clear goals and responsibilities, systematic operations, strong leadership, and consideration of available resources, data, and client needs.
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
The goals of counseling are to help individuals overcome immediate problems and become self-actualizing. It aims to assist clients in making rational decisions, growing positively to reach their full potential, and developing adequate adjustments to turn problematic situations into satisfaction. Counseling also helps clients better understand themselves, their interests, abilities, attitudes, and opportunities to inspire successful endeavors toward their goals. The overall goals are to achieve positive mental health and resolution of problems through the counseling process.
Mental health professions
Mental health providers are professionals whoย diagnose mental health conditions and provide treatment. Most have at least a master's degree or more-advanced education, training and credentials.
The document discusses important qualities and skills for counselors. It states that authenticity and the ability to form relationships are important for effective therapy. Personal factors like being emotionally stable and having self-awareness also impact outcomes. Counselors must be aware of their own values and not impose them on clients. Developing cultural competence requires understanding different worldviews. Issues like managing anxiety, countertransference, and self-care are discussed for beginning counselors.
Counseling is both a science and an art that aims to help clients understand themselves and their situations in order to solve problems and facilitate personal growth and change. It involves a professional relationship between a trained counselor and client to clarify the client's perspective and resolve emotional or interpersonal issues. Christian counseling specifically applies biblical principles using professional counseling techniques to treat clients' issues and stimulate their spiritual growth. The goals of counseling include facilitating behavior change, improving relationships and coping skills, and promoting overall development, including spiritual transformation through salvation.
This presentation gives you a glimpse of expanding and extending your understanding of individuals career development based on the theory of Frank Parsons.
Comparison and similarties and differences among psychotherapyMuhammad Musawar Ali
ย
This document compares and contrasts various psychotherapies. It discusses similarities and differences in their views of human nature, goals, roles of counselors, and techniques. Key similarities include a focus on human beings' positive aspects, cognitions and behaviors, psychological needs, and building rapport. Differences include views on the role of biology, unconsciousness, free will and the environment in human development. Goals and roles of counselors also vary between insight-focused versus action-oriented approaches. Techniques range from interpretation to homework assignments depending on the theory.
This document provides definitions and explanations of counselling from various sources. It discusses counselling as a process that focuses on personal growth and empowerment. It outlines the benefits of counselling for both employees and organizations. It also describes different types and approaches to counselling such as directive vs non-directive counselling and humanistic approaches developed by Carl Rogers. Key figures in the development of counselling theories are discussed, including Freud, Maslow and Gestalt therapy founders.
This document provides an overview of a course on counseling and psychotherapy. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are for students to understand counseling and psychotherapy principles, techniques, and strategies. It also covers the philosophical foundations of different counseling theories and compares counseling and psychotherapy. Theories are grouped into psychodynamic, experiential, action-oriented, systems-oriented, and postmodern approaches. Stages of the counseling process and categories of counseling approaches are defined.
This document discusses the ethical standards and guidelines that counselors must follow. It explains that counselors have responsibilities of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy towards their clients. Counseling relationships can be complicated due to power imbalances and clients' personal issues. Ethical codes provide guidance for counselors on what they can and cannot do. These codes are developed by counseling organizations and aim to safeguard clients' welfare, inform counselors' conduct, and hold counselors accountable.
Donald E. Super was a prominent psychologist and career development theorist. He was born in 1910 in Hawaii and received his doctorate from Oxford University. Super published his first book on vocational guidance in 1942 and went on to found career guidance services. He developed one of the most influential career development theories, which proposes that careers progress through five life stages defined by age and roles. The theory emphasizes that self-concept and balancing internal/external factors shape career choices over a person's life span and across multiple life roles. Super's work had a significant impact on the field of career counseling and remains influential today.
Chapter 2. Theories of career Development Choice.pptxAl Mady
ย
This document provides an overview of several major career development theories. It begins by defining what a theory is and what purpose theories serve. The document then outlines the "Big Seven" career development theories: 1) Trait and Factor Approaches, 2) Holland's Theory of Personality Types, 3) Development Theories including Super's Theory of Vocational Development and Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, 4) Learning and Cognitive Theories, 5) Theories of Embedded Career, 6) Psychodynamic Approaches, and 7) Anne Roe's Work Adjustment Theory. For each theory, the document briefly describes the origin and key concepts or principles of the theory.
Comprehensive Guidance And Counseling Programfaith.seals
ย
This document outlines the history and components of a comprehensive guidance and counseling program for students. It describes how the program is based on a state framework from 2003 and national school counseling standards. The program focuses on helping students develop skills in academic achievement, career development, personal/social development, and community involvement. It details the program's accomplishments over three years, which included evaluating needs, designing the program curriculum, and implementing systems like a social skills program. Future priorities include expanding career education, using data to guide decisions, and partnering with the community on cultural competence efforts.
Ethics are important in counseling to protect clients and set standards for counselors' behavior. There are five main ethical principles in counseling: beneficence, which means acting in the client's best interest; autonomy, which means respecting a client's right to make their own decisions; fidelity, which involves keeping commitments and being loyal and honest; justice, which is about treating all people fairly; and veracity, which means being honest. Counselors have a duty of care for clients and must act ethically to promote client welfare, rights, and goals.
This document discusses issues faced by beginning counselors. It is submitted by Francis Ric Angelo D. Lopez and other group members to their professor for their chapter on the counselor as a person and professional.
The group members are assigned different topics to report on, including the counselor as a therapeutic person, personal counseling for the counselor, becoming an effective multicultural counselor, and issues faced by beginning therapists.
The document then provides guidance for beginning counselors on dealing with challenges such as anxiety about their abilities and making mistakes. It emphasizes the importance of openly discussing anxieties with supervisors and peers, and of disclosing feelings in a genuine yet appropriate way to establish effective therapeutic relationships.
COUNSELLING APPROACHES Report no. 25 Marion A. Piczon.pptxMarionAgarpaoPiczon
ย
The document discusses various counseling approaches including psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive behavioral, rational emotive behavioral therapy, transactional analysis, and humanistic approaches. It provides descriptions of each approach's founding theorists, key philosophies and techniques, goals of therapy, and applications. Counseling approaches are differentiated based on how therapists interact with clients and are guided by theory and research.
William Glasser developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy which focus on meeting basic human needs. The five basic needs are survival, love/belonging, freedom, fun, and power. According to Glasser, all behavior is purposeful and aimed at satisfying one or more of these needs. In the classroom, Choice Theory emphasizes giving students choice in what and how they learn to engage their basic needs. Effective discipline involves students taking responsibility for their actions through negotiated contracts rather than punishment.
This document outlines guidelines for effective counseling services and sessions. It discusses maintaining confidentiality and objectivity as a counselor. Counselors should gather relevant information about clients through various tools like records and tests to understand their needs. During sessions, counselors should make clients feel comfortable sharing by actively listening without judgment and asking clarifying questions. The goal is to build trust and help clients discuss issues freely in a confidential and empathetic environment.
The document discusses the history and development of guidance in various parts of the world including the United States, Europe, and the Philippines. It outlines the key figures in establishing early guidance programs and movements. It also describes the typical organizational structure of guidance programs, listing the roles and responsibilities of different guidance personnel like administrators, teachers, counselors, specialists, librarians, parents, and the community. Basic principles for developing an effective organizational structure and guidance program are also presented.
The document discusses the history and development of guidance in the United States, Europe, and the Philippines from the early 20th century onward. It also outlines organizational models and structures for guidance programs, including defining roles for administrators, teachers, counselors, librarians, parents, and the community. Basic principles for developing an effective guidance program include clear goals and responsibilities, systematic operations, strong leadership, and consideration of available resources, data, and client needs.
Frank Parsons is considered the father of vocational guidance. In the 1890s, he organized the Boston Vocational Bureau to provide vocational assistance and trained teachers to be vocational counselors. In 1909, he published Choosing a Vocation, which discussed counseling techniques and divided counseling into personal investigation, industrial investigation, and organization and work. Others like Jessie B. Davis, Anna Y. Reed, Eli Weaver, David S. Hill, Carl R. Rogers, C. Gilbert Wrenn, and C. Harold McCully also contributed to the early counseling movement by establishing guidance services and advocating for vocational guidance and diversified curriculums.
This chapter discusses guidance and counseling. It begins by defining guidance as assistance provided by qualified individuals to help people of any age manage their own lives and make their own decisions. Counseling is described as a process that enables individuals to understand themselves and their situations in order to solve problems. The origins and evolution of guidance and counseling in India and other countries is then outlined. Various definitions of guidance and counseling are provided. The chapter also discusses the aims, need, scope, techniques and types of counseling as well as educational, social, personal and career guidance.
Guidance aims to help people by addressing issues before problems arise. The document discusses the history of guidance in the Philippines. It identifies Sinforoso Padilla as the father of guidance in the Philippines. It also discusses the Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004 which aims to promote ethical and effective guidance services. The movement of guidance in the Philippines began in the 1930s and the first guidance institute was established in 1945.
Discusses about the Philosophical presuppositions of Guidance in the Philippines relevant to education and school guidance and counseling; The history of Guidance in the Philippines; The development of counseling in the Philippines; Legal bases of Guidance in the Philippines; Philosophy behind guidance; Development of guidance in the Philippines; Guidance personnel and their roles
Counseling is defined as an applied social science that helps individuals better understand themselves and handle their roles and relationships effectively. It involves the application of mental health principles through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systematic interventions to encourage growth and help people cope with problems. Counseling aims to provide encouragement and guidance for those facing challenges. It is both a science, through the use of techniques and procedures for problem solving, and an art, through the counselor's unique experiences in assisting clients. Christian counseling specifically applies biblical principles to treat clients' issues using professional counseling methods.
This document discusses the roles and importance of guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance and counseling, outlines their differences, and describes how they help students with educational, career, and personal development. It also explains the responsibilities of various individuals like school heads, guidance counselors, teachers, nurses, and librarians in providing guidance services in schools.
The historical origin of guidance and counselling .pdfDr. Hina Kaynat
ย
The document provides a historical overview of the development of guidance and counseling. It discusses how guidance and counseling have existed informally throughout history in ancient Greece, Rome, and other early civilizations. The development of modern guidance and counseling is traced, including key figures and events in the United States and Nigeria. The document also distinguishes between the aims and timelines of guidance versus counseling as professions.
The British Association for Counselling (BAC) was founded in 1976 when two existing associations opted to join together. Counselling in Britain began growing in the 1940s in response to social needs from World War 2. By the 1960s, full-time counsellor training programs had started. Today, BAC outlines nine central elements that counselling training programs must include, such as admissions policies, theory, skills development, and supervision. There is speculation that future counselling in Britain will place greater emphasis on research and evaluation in training programs and increase attention to psychological education in schools.
Counseling has a long history around the world and in India. In the US, counseling began in schools in the early 1900s focused on vocational guidance, and expanded after World Wars I and II and with developments in psychology. Major milestones included the founding of counseling organizations in the 1950s-1980s and a focus on trauma, wellness, and social justice in recent decades. In India, counseling has ancient roots but was more formally recognized in the 1930s-1940s, though interest diminished later. The field is still developing with calls for counseling in schools but no formal licensing yet.
Counseling@Northwestern University has created an interactive timeline showing the development of counseling as a profession. In recent years, counseling has become a popular mental health profession among those interested in preventing and treating different forms of mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Timeline: The History of Counseling features information about industry pioneers like Sigmund Freud, details government involvement through legislation, particularly in dealing with the fallout from thousands of returning WWII soldiers, and illustrates how more modern laws like Title IX turned our attention to the needs of diverse populations. It describes the impact of categorizing counselors as primary mental health professionals, legitimizing the profession and differentiating those who are certified counselors. Also examined is how counseling techniques and the overall profession have changed throughout the last few centuries, leading us to the counseling practices and techniques we know and use today.
This is from a Counseling@Northwestern original piece, which can be found here: http://counseling.northwestern.edu/timeline-the-history-of-counseling/
This is a presentation made to fulfill one of my requirement in one of our subject. It could be helpful especially for students taking up SpEd 18 also known as Guidance and Counseling
There are various collaborative approaches that can be used in education, but their effectiveness depends on factors like leadership, time constraints, budgets, willingness of participants, and personal observations. One approach is school collaboration time, where teachers meet to discuss strategies, assessments, and student progress. Data shows that collaboration is key to implementing changes and raising student achievement. Administrators must allow effective collaboration during the school day to foster stronger teacher understanding and connections with students. The essay evaluates the relative effectiveness of different collaborative approaches in education.
The document discusses the purpose of education from various perspectives over time. It begins by discussing ancient philosophers' views that education should develop good citizens trained in their duties. It then discusses modern views that education focuses on skills, employment, and money. However, education systems do not fully develop well-rounded individuals. The document concludes that while skills are important, the primary purpose of education should be developing students' character and ability to contribute to society.
Counseling psychology can be defined as addressing emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns through face-to-face counseling relationships. Counseling addresses a variety of issues including addiction, adjustment difficulties, anger, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, relationship problems, stress, suicidal thoughts, and trauma. Counseling approaches include psychoanalytic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives. Common counseling techniques involve individual, family, and group counseling as well as assessment, consultation, and different therapeutic methods from each perspective.
Persuasive Essay Against School Uniforms.pdfChristine Love
ย
School Uniform Persuasive Essay โ Telegraph. Argumentative Essay Against School Uniforms - EssayVikings.com. 003 School Uniform Persuasive Essay Essays Against Uniforms On Violence ....
Guidance and counseling are vital aspects of higher education and medical practice that help individuals develop fully. Counseling is a helping relationship that involves a counselor assisting an individual in solving problems, making decisions, and developing skills and understanding. There are different types and levels of guidance and counseling, including educational, vocational, and personal counseling. Effective counseling is based on principles such as acceptance, respect, permissiveness, and democratic ideals, and involves building rapport and effective communication. Major counseling theories include psychoanalytic theory, Jungian analytic theory, and Adlerian counseling.
Counseling has evolved over the years and, in many ways, is still .docxvanesaburnand
ย
Counseling has evolved over the years and, in many ways, is still in its infancy as a profession when compared to other mental health professions like psychology and social work. This module will provide a historical overview of the what, when, why, and how of professional counseling. The important contributions of key figures will be discussed, along with the impact of federal government acts and professional counseling organizations on the identity, preparation, and scope of work of professional counselors. This module will also explore the future of counseling as a profession. It will also identify vulnerable populations and issues of concern. Finally, this module covers various topics related to professional identity.
In the early 20th century, before the term โcounselingโ was coined, the concept of informally โhelping othersโ was introduced. This module provides a chronological overview of how the idea of helping others at a critical point in the countryโs history evolved into what we call today Clinical Mental Health Counseling (CMHC). Understanding the origins of the profession, and how past historical events shaped the profession, may help you evaluate future problems from a different frame of reference (Heppner et al., 1995). Knowing the past of a profession, according to Heppner et al. (1995), is also believed to help counselors-in-training plan better, with anticipation, for the future direction of counseling. It can also be argued that the more one learns about a profession, the more one can readily identify with that profession.
One notable event in the history of counseling occurred in 2009 when the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) made the decision to create a unique specialty, clinical mental health counseling (CMHC). The decision was made after it was determined that students from community counseling and mental health counseling programs were competing for the same jobs. Essentially, this meant they were doing the same work. The decision to combine the two specialties is one example of the important role of CACREP. ย
The services provided by clinical mental health counselors, and the settings in which they work today, overlap with other therapeutic professionals. This module will highlight the training, philosophical beliefs, licensure requirements, and scope of practice differences and similarities among various therapeutic professionals. In this module, the professional organizations that help shape the identity of clinical mental health counselors are introduced and the various practice settings in which clinical mental health counselors work are explored.
As you study the material in this module on the history of and professional identity in clinical mental health counseling, pay particular attention to the role of government and the role of professional organizations in the development of the profession. Consider how these entities have shaped what counselors do and the f.
Similar to Educ206 historical background guidance by emmalyn carreon (20)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
ย
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
ย
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
ย
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
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In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
2. Topics
Development of Guidance in
Europe, Great Britain, France,
Germany, Russia and Philippines
2
Philosophical, Psychological and
Sociological Perspective of
Guidance Services
3
Development and Movement of
Guidance in the Philippines
4
St. Paul University - Dumaguete
Historical background and
guidance Movement
1
February 20, 2021
3. Topics
Nature and Characteristics of
elementary school children
6
Nature and Characteristics of
secondary school children
7
Types of concerns and
problems encountered by
elementary school children.
8
St. Paul University - Dumaguete
Short introduction of Guidance
Association in the Philippines
5
February 20, 2021
4. Historical Background
During the 1890s, a man
named Frank Parsons
organized the Boston
Vocational Bureau. He is
considered as the Father of
Vocational Guidance
5. Historical Background
The history of school counseling formally started at the turn of the twentieth century,
although a case can be made for tracing the foundations of counseling and guidance
principles to ancient Greece and Rome with the philosophical teachings of Plato and
Aristotle. There is also evidence to argue that some of the techniques and skills of
modern-day guidance counselors were practiced by Catholic priests in the Middle
Ages, as can be seen by the dedication to the concept of confidentiality within the
confessional. Near the end of the sixteenth century, one of the first texts about career
options appeared: The Universal Plaza of All the Professions of the World, (1626)
written by Tomaso Garzoni. Nevertheless, formal guidance programs using specialized
textbooks did not start until the turn of the twentieth century.
7. Historical Background
In 1909, he published Choosing a
Vocation.
-he discusses the role of the counselor and
techniques that might be employed in
counseling.
-was divided into three areas;
1. Personal Investigation
2. Industrial Investigation
3. Organization and the work
8. Personal Investigation
IParsons advocates getting
the client to see himself
/herself exactly as others
do and giving the client
recommendations about
methods that can be used
for self-improvement.
9. Industrial Investigation
Parson insists that counselors
must be thoroughly familiar with
all relevant details concerning job
opportunities, the distribution of
the demand in industries, and
courses of study.
10. Organization and the work
Parson also explains the need to
train vocational counselors. This
is to have a relevant vocational
background, sound judgment,
character, and maturity.
11. Others were also involved in the
counseling movement as its earliest
stages.
How are you feeling?
Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
Jesse Buttrick Davis is considered to be the 1st school counselor in the United States
because he was the 1st to implement a systematic guidance program in the schools.
Through his work in the Michigan public schools, he became an important leader in the
development of vocational guidance in the late 1800s and early 1900s. His pioneering
work in the Detroit and Grand Rapids public schools laid the foundation for the
counseling specialties of career counseling and school counseling. He was also 1 of the
founders of the National Vocational Guidance Association (now National Career
Development Association) and National Association of Secondary School Principals.
12. How are you feeling?
Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
his approach was based on self-study and the study of
occupations
his description of counseling seems to suggest that students
should be preached about the moral value of hard work,
ambition, honesty, and the development of the character as
assets to any person who planned to enter the business world.
13. Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
Jessie B. Davis
he uses the โcallโ concept in relation to the way one should
choose a vocation. When an individual was called, he would
approach it with the noblest and highest ideals which would
serve society best by uplifting humanity.
Where to go?
14. Anna Y. Reed
Anna Y. Reed
Anna Y. Reed
she established guidance services in Seattle.
she believes that guidance services could be
important as a means of developing the best
possible educational product.
she believed in stiff competition and those
people needed to give their best effort to any
assigned task in order to see themselves as
successful.
15. established teacher guidance committees in every
high school in New York City. These committees
worked actively to help youths discover their
capabilities and learn how to use those talents to
secure the most appropriate employment.
Eli Weaver
Eli Weaver
Eli Weaver
16. was a researcher in the New Orleans
school system, who used scientific
methods to study people.
his research studies pointed out the wide
diversity in the student population.
he advocated and worked for a diversified
curriculum complemented by vocational
guidance.
David S. Hill
David S. Hill
David S. Hill
17. he focused on โclient-centered therapyโ
which he introduced in 1942 in his
publication, Counseling, and Psychotherapy.
he offers non-directive counseling as an
alternative to the older, more traditional
methods.
he stresses the clientโs responsibility in
perceiving his or her problem and
enhancing the self.
Carl R. Rogers
Carl R. Rogers
Carl R. Rogers
18. his classic contribution of the 1960โs โThe
Counselor in A Changing World โ also
examined the counselor's role in a society
with changing ideas about human behavior
and changing schools. he noted that the
counselor must understand not only the
student but himself also and his adult
contemporaries.
C. Gilbert Wrenn
C. Gilbert Wrenn
C. Gilbert Wrenn
19. implied that if school counselors were to
move toward bonafide professionalization,
โthey cannot afford to define their function
on the basis of a retrospective analysis of
what counselors have done in the past as
technicians.โ
he forecast the function of the counselor as
a consultant and agent for change.
C. Harold McCully
C. Harold McCully
C. Harold McCully
20. Guidance Movements in Europe
European countries and GreatBritain developed guidance movements similar to
those in the United States at about the same time.
In Great Britain, as in the United States, guidance suffered a setback during World
War II because young workers could readily obtain employment without vocational
guidance.
In France, there is no provision for guidance in secondary schools. Vocational
Guidance was given national recognition in 1922 when guidance services became
established offices.
In Germany, under the First Reich, although service to the Emperor was part of the
tradition, vocational guidance enabled boys to find jobs and aided the government
to relocate workers where they were needed.
In Russia, the vocational guidance bureau handles counseling programs.
21. Guidance Movement in the Philippines
In the Philippines, guidance is said to have both accidental and
incidental origins.
Before 1925, guidance as a movement, as it is now practiced and
accepted, was unknown in the Philippines. It was only in 1932 when
a Psychological Clinic was started by Dr. Sinforoso Padilla and
which concerned itself with cases of student discipline, as well as
emotional, academic, and vocational problems.
In November 1945, the first Guidance Institute was opened. The
Bureau of Public Schools started to send teachers as pensionados
for observation and study of guidance services abroad.
22. Guidance Movement in the Philippines
In its report of 1951, Congress proposed the establishment of a functional
guidance and counseling program to help students select their course,
activities, occupations, friends, future mates.
In 1953, the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors was organized
in order to study the needs, interests, and potentialities of our young
people and to establish a Testing Bureau.
The most systematic guidance program in the Philippines was launched by
the Guidance Section of the United States Veterans Administration
composed of both American and Filipino psychologists like Dr. Sinforoso
Padilla, Dr. Jesus Perpinan, and Mr. Roman Tuason
23. The basic nature of
The basic nature of
The basic nature of
guidance can be
guidance can be
guidance can be
analyzed from
analyzed from
analyzed from
philosophical
philosophical
philosophical
psychological and
psychological and
psychological and
sociological
sociological
sociological
perspectives.
perspectives.
perspectives.
Foundations of Guidance
24. Philosophical Perspective of Guidance
the dignity and worth of the individual
democratic values as the basis of guidance
everyone is responsible
individual study is basic and every individual is unique
guidance is a recognized source of education
right man for the right job
Philosophically the aim of guidance is self-realization and self-direction
Some of the important bases can be described as:
25. Psychological Perspective of Guidance
individual differences
psychological problems
satisfactory adjustment
the right use of leisure time
Psychological guidance is an interactive process in which an experienced
trained and whole person provides assistance to an immature individual
to make his social, vocational, and educational adjustment in an easy and
effective way. Guidance is based on the assumption of individual
differences
Some of the important bases can be described as:
26. Psychological Perspective of Guidance
proper development of personality
differences in the speed of growth
clarification of self-concept
Sociological Perspective of Guidance
Sociology is a study of social group behavior. Sociology is that people's
behavior is largely determined by their social interactions their relationships as
individuals and as group members. Guidance in schools is aimed at social-
cultural development among children for achieving this goal we should
consider social and cultural aims of education as the basis of foundations of
education all over the world.
27. complex nature of society
influence of the social organization on individuals
conservation of the human resource
explosion of population
the increasing trend towards crime and delinquency
the problem of drug addiction due to so many factors
the problem of national integration
Sociological Perspective of Guidance
29. Philippines
Development and
Movement of
Guidance in the
Philippines
"Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004."
"Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004."
It is hereby declared a policy of the
It is hereby declared a policy of the
State to promote the improvement,
State to promote the improvement,
advancement, and protection of the
advancement, and protection of the
guidance and counseling profession by
guidance and counseling profession by
undertaking and instituting measures
undertaking and instituting measures
that will result in professional, ethical,
that will result in professional, ethical,
relevant, efficient, and effective
relevant, efficient, and effective
guidance and counseling services for
guidance and counseling services for
the development and enrichment of
the development and enrichment of
individuals and group lives.
individuals and group lives.
30. Philippines
Guidance and
Counseling Act of
2004
The State recognizes the important role
The State recognizes the important role
of guidance counselors in nation-
of guidance counselors in nation-
building and promotes the sustained
building and promotes the sustained
development of a reservoir of guidance
development of a reservoir of guidance
counselors whose competence have
counselors whose competence have
been determined by honest and
been determined by honest and
credible licensure examinations and
credible licensure examinations and
whose standards of professional
whose standards of professional
practice and service are world-class and
practice and service are world-class and
internationally recognized, globally
internationally recognized, globally
competitive through preventive
competitive through preventive
regulatory measures, programs and
regulatory measures, programs and
activities that foster their continuing
activities that foster their continuing
professional development.
professional development.
31. Philippines
Guidance and
Counseling Act of
2004
Guidance Movement in the Philippines โข
Guidance Movement in the Philippines โข
In the Philippines, guidance is said to
In the Philippines, guidance is said to
have both accidental and incidental
have both accidental and incidental
origins. Before 1925, guidance as a
origins. Before 1925, guidance as a
movement, as it is now practiced and
movement, as it is now practiced and
accepted, was unknown in the
accepted, was unknown in the
Philippines. It was only in 1932 when a
Philippines. It was only in 1932 when a
Psychological Clinic was started by Dr.
Psychological Clinic was started by Dr.
Sinforoso Padilla and which concerned
Sinforoso Padilla and which concerned
itself with cases of student discipline, as
itself with cases of student discipline, as
well as emotional, academic, and
well as emotional, academic, and
vocational problems.
vocational problems.
32. Development
1
In November 1945, the first
Guidance Institute was
opened. The Bureau of
Public Schools started to
send teachers as
pensionados for observation
and study of guidance
services abroad.
2
In its report of 1951,
Congress proposed the
establishment of a
functional guidance and
counseling program to
help students select
their course,
activities,
occupations, friends,
future mates.
33. Development
3
In 1953, the Philippine
Association of Guidance
Counselors was organized in
order to study the needs,
interests, and
potentialities of our young
people and to establish a
Testing Bureau.
4
The most systematic
guidance program in the
Philippines was launched
by the Guidance Section of
the United States Veterans
Administration composed of
both American and Filipino
psychologists like Dr.
Sinforoso Padilla, Dr.
Jesus Perpinan and Mr.
Roman Tuason.
34. Guidance Association
in the Philippines
It is worthy to note that the
Philippine context is a fickle
one. Guidance counselors and
their partner psychologists
need to navigate this space
sensitive to the colonial past
and the peculiar culture of the
Filipinos.
That is why, unlike in other countries,
counseling practices in the Philippines best
involve family system therapies, expressive
therapies (e.g. play; Carandang 2009), client-
centered Rogerian therapy with elements of
spirituality, and sometimes placing the client
in an altered state of consciousness (e.g.
hypnosis, astral travel; Bulatao, 1992). What
has therefore evolved is an integrated
approach to counseling that is unique to the
Philippines (Tanalega, 2004).
In 2004, the Guidance and Counselling
Act of 20014 (Republic Act No. 9258)
was passed. It intended to
professionalize the practice of guidance
and counseling to create the Professional
Regulatory Board of Guidance and
Counseling, which is under the
administrative control and supervision of
the Professional Regulatory Commission
(PRC).
These laws define counseling as โa profession that
involves the use of an integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual primarily
by helping him/her to utilize his/her potentials to the
fullest and plan his/her present and future in
accordance with his/her abilities, interests, and
needs.โ The function of a guidance counselor
enumerated in this law are counseling, psychological
testing, learning and study orientation, research,
placement, referral and group processes, and
teaching guidance and counseling courses.
35.
36. Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association, Inc. (PGCA),
formerly known as the Philippine Guidance and Personnel
Association, Inc
37. Nature of elementary school children
Students in grades K, 1, and 2 range in age from 5 to 8 years.
During these years, students develop the ability to approach
the world logically for the first time. They move from an inability
to complete mental operations through even the simplest
abstractions to an increasing ability to utilize abstract
reasoning. Primary students are naturally curious about their
world and learn best through direct discovery in hands-on
experiences with manipulatives that engage the five senses.
38. Nature of elementary school children
The primary focus of a kindergartner is to please the teacher. They may
struggle to distinguish between fantasy and reality. Some may explain
cause and effect through intuition rather than logic.
First-grade students are beginning to approach the world logically.
They are in a transitional stage between pre-operational thinking and
concrete operations. As this shift occurs, students' abilities to reason,
understand cause and effect in the natural world, identify differences,
compensate for differences, and reverse an idea through mental
activity improve.
39. Nature of elementary school children
Second-grade students are active thinkers who begin to organize
their internal mental structures in new ways. They can now
categorize spontaneously for the first time. They have an
increasing ability to utilize abstract reasoning, interpret
observations, and generate expectations about what will occur in a
particular situation. Second graders show increasing interest in the
world around them โ and thus, science takes on a new meaning
for them.
40. Characteristics of elementary school children
Based on the writings of developmental psychologists and
educators such as Lev Vygotsky, Maria Montessori, and Jean
Piaget
Young children find security in rhythm, ritual, and
repetition.
Young children learn through play.
Young children want to belong to a community that is
safe, beautiful, and good.
Young children explore the world with wonder.
Young children โunderstandโ the world first through
their bodies.
41. Characteristics of elementary school children
Young children seek independence and mastery.
Young children thrive in the natural world.
Young children use stories to construct meaning.
Young children seek patterns in the world around
them.
Young children construct their identities and build
cultural bridges.
Young children express themselves in complex ways.
49. Types of concerns and problems encountered by elementary school
children.
50. Things like low self-esteem, an inability to
communicate or a misconception of a
healthy marriage actually started for many
people when they were five, seven, and
nine years of age. This is why elementary
school counselors have a special
opportunity. They can observe and reach
children at a time when many of their
issues are just beginning and at a time
when genuine support and guidance can
end up making all the difference.
51. While kids often feel they are the only ones suffering from a
particular situation, they are never alone. There is a vast
number who are going through the same kinds of struggles
and need the same kinds of intervention for a healthier
future. These issues include but are not limited to parental
abuse, bullying, poor social skills, rejection, learning
disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
52. While kids often feel they are the only ones suffering from a
particular situation, they are never alone. There is a vast
number who are going through the same kinds of struggles
and need the same kinds of intervention for a healthier
future. These issues include but are not limited to parental
abuse, bullying, poor social skills, rejection, learning
disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
53. Common Issues:
Parental Abuse
Judy is six years old and living in a home where her father yells at her mother frequently. He
gets angry easily and will occasionally hit her mother in front of Judy. Sometimes, if she tries
to play with him, Judy's father will tell her that she is annoying and push her away. Judy is
suffering from parental abuse. Parental abuse occurs when parents deliberately inflict harm
on their children. There are two types of abuse that Judy's father uses: physical abuse, or the
use of physical violence, and emotional or mental abuse, where he inflicts emotional pain
through attacking her with words and when he hurts her mother in front of her. Her mother is
also depressed, spending a lot of time sleeping in her bedroom, and is unavailable for her
daughter. As a result, Judy is also experiencing another type of abuse called neglect, or the
absence of parental care. Judy needs help to voice her feelings and learn ways to feel better.
54. Bullying:
Matt's parents have been wondering why he seems so reluctant to go
to school. The truth is that 8-year-old Matt has been bullied for the
past several months by another boy who shoves him, calls him names,
and laughs at him. The only time this boy leaves him alone is when Matt
gives him his snack for the day. This bullying, or repeated aggression
and intimidation of a peer, has caused Matt to feel anxious, unable to
concentrate at school, and very insecure. He needs greater confidence
and the tools to deal with the situation.
55. Poor Social Skills
Janet is a 9-year-old girl who has been given everything she wants by
her parents. She is so accustomed to getting anything she asks for that
if they try to say no, she becomes angry and tearful. Consequently, she
is pretty bossy with her peers. If she has a friend over, she tells her to
bring her cookies from the kitchen or to play a certain character in a
pretend play skit. Janet has poor social skills, which means she
interacts with her peers in unhealthy ways. She needs to learn how to
consider other people's feelings and be polite and friendly or she will
have a tough time keeping friends.
56. Rejection
4th-grader Elaine just started at a new school. She's finding it hard to
adjust and misses her friends from her last school. Yesterday, she sat
at a table of girls, and they told her the seat she sat in was already
taken. Today she went over to a group of students who were playing a
board game, and they stared at her before getting up and leaving.
Elaine is feeling the hurt of being rejected or turned down by others.
She needs support, guidance, and increased self-esteem.
57. Learning Disabilities
Brian is ten years old and is creative, intelligent, and great at interacting
with peers. The thing is he seems to have trouble getting good grades.
When he listens to his teacher explain how to do a math problem, he
can sometimes get confused, even when the other students seem to
understand it. When he is reading aloud in class, he might jumble up
words or find it hard to concentrate on only one line of text. When he
gets home, he forgets some of the instructions for his homework and
just does what he remembers was assigned. Brian needs extra
academic help because he has a learning disability. Learning disabilities
are mental hindrances to academic learning. Like many students with
disabilities, Brian needs an understanding teacher and to be given
basic tools that he can use to aid his learning.
58. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
8-year-old Rachel was always a hyper child. Her parents believed she would
grow out of it, but it seems as if she continues to have trouble sitting still and
focusing on one task at a time. Her parents suspect that Rachel may have
ADHD or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. This means she has
difficulty concentrating, controlling behavior, or remaining calm. It means
that when Rachel is in class, she may suddenly feel the urge to get out of her
seat and run around a moment. She may kick the chair in front of her, even
when she was told not to. When the teacher asks her a question, she may
not have an answer because her mind has been drifting off during that
lesson. Rachel needs a teacher who can communicate with her counselor
and make class adjustments, like limited distractions and praising good
behavior.
59. What do we do?
Parents and classroom instructors who maintain an awareness
of any difficulties the children in their care might be having
may be able to recognize an academic concern early in its
development. This mindfulness may benefit a child
significantly, as academic concerns, especially those that go
unrecognized, may have a lasting impact on a childโs
educational outlook. For example, a child who struggles with
reading in primary school will be more likely to consistently
underachieve in the classroom throughout high school, at
which point he or she may find it difficult to prepare for
college-level work. Areas of concern in the classroom may
also have an effect on a childโs mental health.