Edu290 part 1 evolution and biodiversity
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This document discusses evolution and biodiversity. It covers survival and extinction of species, with examples of extinct and endangered species. Fossil records provide insight into Earth's history and show how species have evolved over time. The theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin states that all species descended from common ancestry and evolved through natural selection. Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution where traits beneficial for reproduction and survival are more likely to be passed on to offspring.
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- Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection to explain how life evolved over generations through genetic variation and natural selection.
- Darwin proposed that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and that simple species gradually evolved into more complex ones through a natural process of inherited variation and the selection of advantageous traits.
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The document discusses several early theories on the origin of life and evolution:
1) The extraterrestrial origin theory states that life originated on other planets and was brought to Earth via meteorites.
2) Creationism believes life was put on Earth by divine forces, but it is not scientifically valid.
3) The theory that life arose spontaneously from non-living matter through random processes that eventually led to the first cell.
4) Evolutionary theory provides an explanation for differences among life forms through the mechanism of natural selection, whereby traits that increase reproductive success are passed on. The peppered moth study is a classic example of this process at work.
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Science 9 Unit A Biological Diversity Section1 Lesson1
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BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
POPULATION
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF POPULATION
BIRTH- Natural process in which parents give rise to new offspring.
DEATH- Reduces the number of existing individuals in a population.
MIGRATION- Movement of individuals into or out of the population.
IMMIGRATION- Movement of individuals into the population.
EMIGRATION- Movement of individuals out of the population.
PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH
BIOTIC POTENTIAL- Maximum reproductive capacity of an organism given that the resources are unlimited.
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH- Capacity of a population to increase continuously without showing any signs of stabling or declining.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT POPULATION GROWTH OR SIZE
LIMITING FACTORS
-control the growth, size, and distribution of organisms
COMPETITION
ABIOTIC FACTORS
PREDATOR-PREY RELATIOSHIP
POPULATION DENSITY
EXTINCTION
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2. Darwin proposed natural selection to explain evolution. He observed variation within populations, inheritance of traits, overproduction of offspring exceeding environmental carrying capacity, and differential survival based on heritable traits. This leads to accumulation of favorable traits and adaptation to the environment over generations.
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Edu290 part 1 evolution and biodiversity
- 1. Evolution and Bio-Diversity • Survival and Extinction • Theory of Evolution • Natural Selection
- 2. Survival and Extinction Species – A group of living organisms consisting of smaller individuals capable of interbreeding and exchanging genes. Extinct Endangered Species Species •Baji Dolphin •Siberian Tiger •West African Black Rhino MDPettitt, Siberian Tiger, July 17, 2008, Creative Commons License
- 3. Survival and Extinction Population – A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. Example: Deer Population LoneTown, Deer ‘White Tail Deer’, February 20, 2011, Creative Commons License
- 4. Survival and Extinction Removal of genes from gene pool
- 5. Survival and Extinction Fossil Records Majority of species are extinct Give us insight to Earth’s history
- 6. Survival and Extinction Fossil Records Continued Displays how species have evolved IvanWalsh, Fossils and Dinosaurs from Beijing Museum, December 5, 2009, Creative Commons License
- 7. Evolution Evolution Definition Any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations
- 8. Evolution Charles Darwin Created his own theory of evolution All species from common ancestry Branching pattern of evolution - natural selection
- 9. Evolution Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection Differential Survival Essential to Darwin’s theory Limited quantities of space and resources Those most fit will survive
- 10. Evolution Best displayed through comparisons of: Fossils Modern species Changes are displayed in different ways
- 11. Evolution Natural Selection Provides a mechanism for evolution Process to explain evolution
- 12. Natural Selection The gradual non-random process through which biological traits become more or less common in a population
- 13. Natural Selection How it works Traits are passed down generations Beneficial traits are passed on Negative traits disappear Important traits are traits that: Benefit reproduction and/or survival
- 14. Natural Selection Mutations Some diversity comes from mutations Beneficial mutations are passed on Mutations can become part of genes Example: Giraffes’ long necks JRobertMoore, Giraffe, January 13, 2007, Creative Commons License
- 15. Natural Selection Geographic Isolation A species is physically separated Plays important role in evolution Two diverse groups form
- 16. Natural Selection Environmental Factors New predators or prey Low food supply Finite resources