The document discusses descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to describe basic features of data through simple summaries, while inferential statistics are used to make inferences beyond the sample data to general populations. Some common descriptive statistics are measures of central tendency, dispersion, frequency, and contingency tables. Inferential statistics allow for comparisons between groups and determining the probability of observed differences occurring by chance. Regression analysis is also discussed as a technique used to model relationships between dependent and independent variables and understand how changes in independent variables impact the dependent variable.