The document discusses the role and history of planning bodies in India, including the Planning Commission and National Development Council. It provides details on the timing and characteristics of India's five-year plans from the First Plan in 1951-1956 through the Twelfth Plan in 2012-2017. The objectives and development strategies of the plans shifted from an initial focus on growth and industrialization to later priorities of equity, poverty alleviation, and post-liberalization export-led growth. Planning in India involves formulating detailed development plans, allocating resources, advising states and unions, and monitoring progress towards economic and social targets.

1. Policy Regimes
Prof. Mahendra K. Ghadoliya
www.ghadoliyaseconomics-mahendra.blogspot.in

2. Planning Commission: Why
(a) make an assessment of the material capital and human resources of
the country, and formu-late a plan for the most effective and
balanced utilisation of them;
(b) determine priorities, de-fine the stages for carrying the plan and pro-
pose the allocation of resources for the due completion of each stage;
(c) To act as an advisory body to the Union Government;
(d) determine the conditions which (in view of the then current socio-
political con-ditions) should be established for the execution of the
plan.
(e) to advise the centre and the state governments.

3. National Development Council (NDC):
a)All the plans made by Planning Commission had to be first approved by
NDC . It was constituted to build cooperation between States and the
Planning Commission.
b) Like Planning Commission NDC was also an extra constitutional body-
legal body.
c) It was set-up on 6th
August 1952
State Planning Boards is the Apex Planning body at State Level with
Chief Minister as Chairman, Finance and Planning Ministers of the state
and some technical members.
District Planning Committee is also there comprising both official and
non-official members

4. Timings of Five Year Plans
Plan Period
• First Plan 1951-56
• Second Plan 1956-61
• Third Plan 1961-66
• Three Annual Plans1966-69
• Fourth Plan 1969-74
• Fifth Plan 1974-78
• Rolling Plan 1978-80
Plan Period
• Sixth Plan 1980-85
• Seventh Plan 1985-90
• Annual Plan 1990-92
• Eighth Plan 1992-97
• Ninth Plan 1997-02
• Tenth Plan 2002-07
• Eleventh Plan 2007-12
• Twelfth Plan 2012-17

5. Characteristics of Indian Plans
• Five year Plans
• Developmental Planning
• Comprehensive Planning
• Indicative Planning
• Democratic Planning
• Decentralised Planning or
Planning from Below
• Objectives of Indian Plans:
• A higher rate of growth than was
being realised in the absence of the
plan;
• 2. A greater degree of economic
equality than was possible under
free enterprise;
• 3. Full employment opportunities
for the growing labour force of the
country;
• 4. Economic self-reliance; and
• 5. Modernisation.

6. Planning is basically a basic management function involving formulation of one or
more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the
available resources. The planning process (1) identifies the goals or objectives to be
achieved, (2) formulates strategies to achieve them, (3) arranges or creates the
means required, and (4) implements, directs, and monitors all steps in their proper
sequence.
• Development planning comprising a
set of documents that set out the local
authority's policies and proposals for
the development of the area
• A Comprehensive plan is also known
as master plan designed to guide
future actions.
• Planning by inducement is called
Indicative planning
• democratic planning, the state does
not control all the means of production
and does not regulate economic
operations of the private economy
• In Decentralised Planning decision-
making is distributed amongst various
economic agents or localized within
production units.
• Perspective planning is a long-term
planning which sets targets for a period
of more than a decade.

7. Objectives of different plans and Development Strategy
• Phase-I Growth Oriented
Development Strategy:
• First plan- It was a repair Plan made
to take care of severe damage caused
by war, famine and partition.
• Second Plan – It was a import
substitution led long term growth
based on industrialisation.
• Third Plan- Public sector led growth,
reducing concentration of economic
power
• Phase-II Equity Oriented
Development strategy:
• Annual Plans:Adaptation of new
agricultural strategy.
• IV Plan:Growth with stability
• V Plan: Alleviation of poverty
• VI Plan: Target group approach
• VII Plan: Direct attack on the
problems of poverty

8. Objectives of different plans and Development Strategy
• Phase-III Post liberalisation
Development Strategy:
• Inward looking development
model was replaced by Export-
led growth strategy.
• Liberalisation, Globalisation,
Privatisation (LPG) Strategy
• IX & X Plans: Growth with social
justice
• XI Plan: Inclusive growth
• XII Plan: Faster sustainable and
more inclusive growth
• Development strategy
• Indicative Planning
• Growth with justice
• Resource allocation
• Advisor to States Skilling India
• Think tank
• Achieving growth targets
• Removal of corruption
• Good governance
• Democratic values to be
strengthened.