A presentation useful to the 9th graders under the CBSE stream.

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3. • POPULATION
• Population is the total number of
people living in at a given point of
time.
• The quality of population includes
their age, sex composition, literacy
levels, health and occupational
structures.
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4. • Why is it important to study population?
• It is important to study population to know:
• (a) the size of the population,
• (b) the sex ratio,
• (c) the literacy and the income level of the
people,
• (d) occupation of the people.
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5. • Three major aspects of population study
are:
• (a) population size and distribution: the
number of peoples and where they are
located.
• (b) population growth and processes of
population change: the way the population
has grown and changed through time.
• (c) characteristics or qualities of the
population: their age, sex composition,
literacy levels, occupation structure and
health conditions.
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6. • CENSUS
• Census is the collection, compilation
and publication of information relating
to different aspects of people living in a
country at a specific point of time.
• In India, census is conducted after
every ten years.
• According to 2001 census, population
of India was 10270 crores.
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7. • Nearly half of the population of India live in
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West
Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
• Rajasthan the biggest state in terms of area,
has only 5.5 per cent of the total population
of India.
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8. • POPULATION DENSITY
• Population density means the number of
people living in a unit area.
• It is calculated by dividing the total
population by the total area of the country.
• The average density of population in India
according to census2001 was 324
persons per square kilometers.
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9. • West Bengal had the average density of
904 persons per square kilometres.
• Arunachal Pradesh had an average
density of 13 persons per square
kilometres .
• The Northern Plains and Kerala in the
south have high to very high population
densities because of the flat plains with
fertile soil and abundant rainfall.
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10. • CHARACTERISTICS OF
POPULATION SIZE AND
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
• The characteristics of population size
and population distribution are :
• (a) Population size refers to the total
number of people living in a country
According to census 2001, it is 1028
million.
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11. • Average density of population is 324
persons per square kilometres.
• (b) In India, population is unevenly
distributed varying from 904 persons
per square kilometer in West Bengal
to 13 persons per square kilometer in
Arunachal Pradesh.
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12. POPULATION GROWTH
• Growth of population refers to the
change in the number of inhabitants of a
country/ territory during a specific period
of time, say during the last ten years .
• Such a change can be expressed in two
ways: in terms of absolute numbers and
interns of percentage change per year.
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13. • MAGNITUDE:
• Magnitude refers to the number of persons
added each year or each decade to given
population, example: Population of India
increased from 846.4 crores in 1991 to 1028.7
crores in2001.
• PACE:
• Pace refers to the speed or the rate at which
the increase takes place. It is recorded in
percent per year, example, in 1991 the pace
was 2.14 and in 2001 it reduced to 1.93
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14. • Annual growth rate:
• The rate or the pace of the population
increase is the other important aspect.
• It is studied in percent per annum,
example.
• A rate of increase of 2 % per annum
means that in a given year, there was an
increase of two persons for every 100
persons in the base population. This
referred to as the annual growth rate.
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15. • India’s population has been steadily increasing
from 361 million in 1951 to1028 million in 2001.
Year total absolute increase annual
population in the decade growth
(in millions) (in millions) rate (%)
• 1951 361.0 42.43 1.25
• 1961 436.2 78.15 1.96
• 1971 548.2 108.92 2.20
• 1981 683.3 135.17 2.22
• 1991 846.4 163.09 2.14
• 2001 1028.7 182.32 1.93
The magnitude and rate of India's population
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16. • Since 1981, however the rate of growth
started declining gradually. During this
period, birth rate declined rapidly. Still 182
million people were added to the total
population in 1990s alone (an annual
addition larger than ever before).
• It is essential to realise that India has a
very large population. When a low annual
rate is applied to a large population, it
yields a large absolute increase.
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17. • When more than a billion people increase
even at a lower rate, the total numbers been
added becomes very large.
• India’s current annual increase in population
of 15.5 million is large enough to neutralise
efforts to conserve the resource endowment
and environment.
• The declining trend of growth rate is indeed a
positive indicator of efforts of birth control.
Despite that, the total additions to the
population base continue to grow, and India
may overtake China in 2045 to become the
most populous country in the world.
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18. • PROCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE/
• GROWTH
• There are three main processes of change of
population : Birth rates, Death rates and
• Migration
• The natural increase of population is the
difference between birth rates and death rates.
• BIRTH RATE is the number of live birth per
thousand persons in a year. It is a major
component of growth because in India, birth
rates have always been higher than death rates.
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19. • DEATH RATE is the number of deaths
per thousand persons in a year.
• The main cause of the rate of growth of
the Indian population has been the rapid
decline in the death rates.
• Till 1980, high birth rates and declining
death rate led to a large difference
between birth rates and death rates
resulting in higher rates of population
growth. Since 1981, birth rates have also
started declining gradual decline in the
rate of population growth.
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20. • The third component of population
growth is migration.
• MIGRATION is the movement of
people across regions and territories.
• Migration can be internal (within the
country) or international (between the
countries).
• Internal migration does not change
the size of the population, but
influences the distribution of
population within the nation.
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21. • Migration plays a very significant role in
changing the composition and distribution
of population.
• In India, most migrations have been from
rural to urban areas because of the “push”
factor in rural areas. These are adverse
conditions of poverty and unemployment
in the rural areas and the “pull” of the city
in terms of increased employment
opportunities and better living conditions.
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22. • Migration is an important determinant
of population change.
• It changes not only the population
size but also the population
composition of urban and rural
populations in terms of age and sex
composition.
• In India, the rural urban migration
has resulted in a steady increase in
the population in cities and towns.
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23. • Special features of population growth
and processes of population change
are:
• (a) Population growth refers to the
increasing size of the population.
• (b) Population processes include
birth rate death and internal
migration; why do people tend to
migrate from rural to urban areas.
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24. • AGE COMPOSITION
• The age composition of population refers to
the number of people in different age groups
in a country. It is one of the most basic
characteristics of a population.
• To an important degree, a person’s age
influences what he needs, buys, does and
his capacity to perform. Consequently, the
number and percentage of a population
found within the children, working age and
aged groups are notable determinants of the
population’s social and economic structure.
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25. • The population of a nation is
generally grouped into three broad
categories:
• CHILDREN (generally below 15
• years)
• They are economically unproductive
and need to be provided with food,
clothing, education and medical care.
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29. • ADULTS (above 59 years)
• They comprise the working population.
They are economically productive and
biologically reproductive.
• AGED (60 years and above)
• They can be economically productive
though they may have retired. They may
be working voluntarily but they are not
available for employment through
recruitment.
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30. • The percentage of the children and the
aged affect the dependency ratio because
these groups are not producers. It helps
the government to formulate their social
policies like education and health care.
Housewives, full time students and those
who go on working even after the age of
60 years are not included in the working
population. 1st and 3 rd groups form the
dependant population.
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31. • LITERACY RATES
• Literacy is a very important quality of
a population. Obviously only an
informed and educated citizen can
make intelligent choices and
undertake research and development
projects.
• Low levels of literacy are a serious
obstacle for economic improvement.
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32. • According to census of 2001, a person
aged seven years and above who can
read and write with understanding in any
language, is treated as literate.
• There has been a steady improvement in
the literacy levels in India.
• The literacy rate in the country as per the
census of 2001 is 64.84 per cent; 75.26
percent for males and 53.67 percent for
females.
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33. • OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
• The percentage of population that is
economically active is an important index
of development. The distribution of the
population according to different types of
occupation is referred to as the
occupational structure. An enormous
variety of occupations are found in any
country. Occupations are generally
classified as primary, tertiary, secondary
and quaternary.
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34. • PRIMARY
• Primary activities include agriculture,
animal husbandry, forestry fishing.
• About 64 percent people are engaged
in primary activities.
• Production is carried out with the help
of nature.
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35. • SECONDARY
• Manufacturing industries are
known as secondary activities.
• It means the production of goods
in large numbers with the help of
machines.
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36. • TERTIARY
• This sector does not provide
goods but gives services like
education, banking transport
and communication.( 20
percent )
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37. • QUATERNARY
• They have been identified to
include the more intellectual
occupations, whose task is to
think, research and develop
ideas
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38. • HEALTH
• Health is an important component of
population composition, which affects the
processes of development. Sustained
efforts of government programmes have
registered significant improvements in the
health conditions of the Indian population .
• Death rates have declined from 25 per
1000 in2001 and life expectancy at birth
has increased from 36.7 years in 2001.
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39. • The substantial improvement is the
result of many factors including
improvement in public health,
prevention of infectious diseases and
application of modern medical
practices in diagnosis and treatment
of ailments.
• Despite considerable achievements ,
the health situation is a matter of
major concern for India
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40. • The per capita calorie consumption is
much below the recommended levels
and malnutrition afflicts a large
percentage of our population.
• Safe drinking water and sanitation
amenities are available to only one-
third of the rural population.
• These problems need to be tackled
through an appropriate population
policy.
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41. • ADOLESCENT POPULATION
• The most significant feature of the
Indian population is the size of its
adolescent population.
• It constitutes one – fifth of the total
population of India.
• Adolescents are generally grouped in
the age group of 10 to 19 years.
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42. • They are the most important
resources of the future.
• Nutrition requirements of adolescents
are higher than those of a normal
child or adult.
• Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency
and stunted growth.
• But in India, the diet available to
adolescents is inadequate in all
nutrients.
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43. • A large number of adolescent girls suffer
from anaemia.
• Their problems have so far not received
adequate attention in the process of
development.
• The adolescents girls have to be
sensitised to the problems they confront.
• Their awareness can be improved through
the spread of literacy and education
among them.
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44. When is the world population day?
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45. world population day
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46. Pl. mail your suggestions to:
abdul.shumz@gmail.com
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