• E-commerce, e-business ,e-governance

Rahul De
MIS
MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS,
GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002

MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Understand e-commerce technology
• Learn doing business over the internet
• Get an overview of electronic governance
2

MIND MAP OF CHAPTER TOPICS
3

E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGY
• E-commerce emerged making use of the Internet for providing information, taking
orders and sending out information goods.
• Dotcom Boom and Bust of the late 1990s was symbolic of the hope placed on e-
commerce
• New Internet based business models came up around innovative ideas with the
premise that simply having a website would ensure an increasing pool of visitors,
through network effects; increasing scope for generating revenues from advertisers
and sponsors
4

THE DOTCOM BOOM AND BUST
• Venture capitalists brought in large sums of money to invest in such promising start-
ups
• With the funding, start-ups garnered widespread attention, through publicity
campaigns, leading to a few going in for very successful launches of their stocks,
bringing in public money to further raise capital. This snowballed, making many
millionaires along the way, increasing overall stock prices to unreal levels – leading to
a bubble.
• In 2000, the markets crashed and drove many firms to bankruptcy – termed the 'bust'
of the bubble.
5

THE DOTCOM BOOM AND BUST
.
• The dotcom boom-doctcom bust period is depicted through fluctuation in IT stock
prices in the BSE from Feb 1999 through Oct 2004. The Sensex peaked in early 2000
and then crashed, sinking to a new low in 2001, after which it climbed again. The
figure shows the closing value of the index of IT stocks in the Sensex.
6

HTML
• The commercial growth of the Internet was due to the World Wide Web. The Web is a
technology the permits linking of data files (text, multimedia) over the Internet, using
the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Such links across computers are called
Hyperlinks.
• HTML uses tags to indicate how the browser can process the contents enclosed by
tags.
7

E-MAIL
• Email is the most popular application on the Internet, though among the earliest
• It is a form of asynchronous communication that allows messages to be delivered to
the identified individual(s). The sender's name and institution are also identified,
helping develop a network of collaborators.
• E-mail groups help broadcast messages within groups, with some being moderated.
8

E-MAIL
• Email is the most popular application on the Internet, though among the earliest
• It is a form of asynchronous communication that allows messages to be delivered to
the identified individual(s). The sender's name and institution are also identified,
helping develop a network of collaborators.
• E-mail groups help broadcast messages within groups, with some being moderated.
• Spam
• Viruses
• Some statistics on E-mail usage
9

E-MAIL
10

NETWORKS
• Internet – collection of networks connected together by common, shared standards of
communication
• Intranet – A network of computers within an organisation that follows the protocols of
the Internet
• Local Area network (LAN) – n Intranet built in a single location
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) – helps organisations create an Intranet on the Internet
• Extranet – links an organisation with its partners and collaborators
11

NETWORKS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
12

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
• EDI is a private network used by some organisations to link their offices. The protocol
used in these networks is different from the Internet protocols.
• They are still in use by some institutions, since it provides continuity with older
methods of communication and a certain measure of security, since the standards are
not too well-known.
13

ONLINE PAYMENT TECHNOLOGY
Online payment technologies form the heart of e-commerce.
• Special online Payment services like Paypal
• Credit cards
• Cash cards
• Net-banking service provided by some banks
14

MOBILE COMMERCE
• Mobile commerce leverages security and ease of payments on the pervasive mobiles,
supporting innovative payment solutions through mobiles
• Benefits include the ability to make payments without the use of a computer or access
to Internet and without a credit card.
• Mobile transactions are similar to credit card transactions, in that the merchant must
have an account with the service
15

DOING BUSINESS ON THE INTERNET
The Internet presents a unique channel for business characterised by:
• Almost instant communication through email, chat and sharing of audio, video and text
• Ease of broadcasting instantly
• Lower costs of communication
• Ability to search huge amounts of information
• E-commerce refers to businesses created to use the Internet technologies as a basis
for transactions.
16

DOING BUSINESS ON THE INTERNET
• Portal – A web page that acts as an entry point to the web; listing pages according to
themes; they provide search facilities; they re usually 'pure-play' in that they do not
involve any e-commerce, but this is changing fast
• Search Engine – A website that allows users to search for pages on the Internet; early
search engines crawled the web, using the word-count method. Google used a Page
ranking algorithm to make searches more relevant and introduced a differential pricing
model for revenue generation, leveraging IT
17

DIRECT SELLING
• When goods are sold through a website, sellers directly connect to buyers without
intermediaries. Direct selling is characterised by convenience, larger choice and the
ability to search easily which makes it popular for almost all kinds of goods and
services.
• E-commerce in developing countries like India are also gaining ground
18

DIRECT SELLING: TYPES OF E-COMMERCE
B2C – Direct selling to consumers; B2B – Commerce between businesses
B2G – Direct transactions between businesses and government departments
G2G – transactions between government departments
G2C – transactions between government departments and citizens (e-governance)
C2C – transactions between customers and citizens
19

AUCTIONS AND AGGREGATORS
• Auctions – websites that allow sellers and buyers to meet over the Internet; pricing
may be through bidding or direct pricing; usually C2C; use rating of users; subject to
strong network effects.
• Aggregators (B2B) – websites that allow institutional buyers and sellers to transact
over the Internet, managing the entire bidding and sale process. Most aggregators
deal with industrial products.
20

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN B2B AND B2C E-COMMERCE
• B2C transactions are ad-hoc in nature, with one seller, selling to customers in a single
transaction; B2B involves many buyers and sellers who establish long-term
purchasing contracts
• B2C transactions are of low value vis-à-vis B2B transactions
• The delivery schedule and timing of goods are critical and require high degree of
commitment in B2B, since they tie into organisational supply-chains
• B2B do not have fixed prices and may involve auctions
21

E-BUSINESS
• E-business enhances the internal functioning of businesses by using the facilities of
the Internet, to share data and information with partners, outside the firm. The
infrastructure is HTML-based.
• Lowers transaction costs; faster and more accurate communications;
• Secure communication;
• Supports distributed organisations with partners from different countries
22

E-GOVERNANCE
• E-business enhances the internal functioning of businesses by using the facilities of
the Internet, to share data and information with partners, outside the firm. The
Refers to he use of e-business and e-commerce technologies by governments and their
departments to conduct their business
• Services – G2B, G2C and G2G
• Advantages -
• Reduced transaction costs
• Convenience – saves time, effort, money
• Higher accuracy
23

• E-commerce, e-business ,e-governance

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