The document discusses the management of information systems in business, government, and society, focusing on IT infrastructure, its components, and decision-making processes. It outlines learning objectives such as understanding technology infrastructures and making appropriate infrastructure decisions. The document also covers infrastructure components including hardware, software, networks, and cloud computing solutions, as well as the concept of virtualization.

1. Rahul De
MIS
MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS,
GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002

2. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Understand information technology infrastructures
• Get an overview on infrastructure decision
• Learn about infrastructure components
• Understand infrastructure solutions
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3. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
MIND MAP OF CHAPTER TOPICS
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4. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
WHAT IS THE IT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Client computers such as desktops, laptops, tablets, smart phones and hand held
computers – both the software and hardware
• Servers
• Routers, switches, cables and wireless devices including services from external
internet service providers
• Organization wide and function-specific applications
• Support facilities for users – Helpdesk, maintenance services for hardware and
software
• Physical facilities such as offices and air-conditioned rooms that house the hardware,
software and personnel
• Training and development facilities for users and staff to enhance skills
• Creating and maintaining standards for IT including procurement
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5. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
THE TECHNOLOGY HYPE CYCLE
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6. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
IT INFRASTRUCTURE DECISIONS
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• IT Infrastructure Questions: Business Needs
• What business needs have to be met with the infrastructure components ?
• How does the technology help the organization compete ?
• Is the technology appropriate for the task ?
• Is the technology the best in its class

7. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
IT INFRASTRUCTURE DECISIONS
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• IT Infrastructure Questions: Business Needs
• What business needs have to be met with the infrastructure components ?
• How does the technology help the organization compete ?
• Is the technology appropriate for the task ?
• Is the technology the best in its class
• IT Infrastructure Questions: Technology Issues
• Is the technology scalable ?
• Is the technology interoperable ?
• What is the technology roadmap ?
• What is the renewal cycle ?
• Is there vendor support ?
• What will be the nature of the technology lock in ?
• Make or Buy ?

8. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
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• Hardware
• Processors
• The Computer
• Random Access Memory
• Peripherals
• The Board and Bus
• Secondary Storage
Computer Architecture

9. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
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• Instruction Cycle
• Execution Cycle
The machine cycle

10. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
HAND HELD COMPUTERS
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iPad Simputer

11. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
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• Software
• Operating System (OS)
• Databases
• Enterprise Software
• Linux
• Windows
• Hand-held Computers
• Application Software
• Networking
• Multimedia Software
• Office Productivity
• Utilities
The OS loads and unloads tasks in
the RAM and manages them.

12. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
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• Networks
• Solutions
• Cloud Computing – An arrangement where an organisation relies on software
applications needed for its internal functions, which are maintained on external
servers accessible through the Internet
• Virtualization

13. MIS : Managing Information Systems in Business, Government and Society by Rahul De
Copyright © 2018 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4436/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
VIRTUALIZATION
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Use of virtualization allows many CPUs to be function as a single unit on which many
Operating systems and applications can be run simultaneously. This is used to
increase capacity and improve services.