Session#1; introduction & concepts

Management Information Systems
Introduction & Concepts
Graduate School of
Management & Economics
1 N.Karami, MIS-Spring 2012

Graduate School of
Learning Objectives
• Differentiate among data, information, and
knowledge
• Differentiate between information technology
infrastructure and information technology
architecture
• Describe the global business environment and
the new information technology infrastructure
• Discuss the relationships among business
pressures, organizational responses, and
information systems

Graduate School of
Google servers in a server farm Google Headquarters

Graduate School of
How to use IT to survive in todays
environments
• Change business models and strategies
• IT enables orgaizations to survive in the
presense of business presures
• IT may require a large investment over long time
periods
• Organizations leverage their platform
– Web based applications
– Products
– Services

Graduate School of
How Information Systems are
Transforming Business
• In 2007, more wireless phone accounts were
opened than telephone land lines installed
• More than 95 million people receive their news
online; 55 million Americans read blogs
• Internet advertising continues to grow at more than
15 percent per year
• New laws require businesses to store more data
for longer periods
• Changes in business result in changes in jobs and
careers

Graduate School of
Homo Conexus
• You are the most connected generation in
history
• You practice continuous computing
• You are surrounded by a personal, movable
information network

Graduate School of
Personal movable information
network
And…..laptop
in briefcase!

Graduate School of
Data & Information &
Knowledge
• Data: Unorganized and
unprocessed facts; static; a set of
discrete facts about events
• Information: Aggregation of
data that makes decision
making easier
• Knowledge is derived from
information in the same way
information is derived from
data; it is a person’s range of
information

Graduate School of
Data and Information
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce
meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from
dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.

Graduate School of
Information Systems (IS)
• Information Systems (IS or MIS):
“An Information System is a set of (primarily) electronic
components that collect, analyze and disseminate data and
information to meet an objective” OR
“Interrelated components that manage information to:
• Support decision making and control
• Help with analysis, visualization, and product creation”
• Information technology:
• Any computer based tool
• Support information and information processing needs
of an organization

Graduate School of
Functions of an Information
System
An information system
contains information about
an organization and its
surrounding environment.
Three basic activities—
input, processing, and
output— produce the
information organizations
need. Feedback is output
returned to appropriate
people or activities in the
organization to evaluate and
refine the input.
Environmental actors, such
as customers, suppliers,
competitors, stockholders,
and regulatory agencies,
interact with the
organization and its
information systems.

Graduate School of
Six Components of an
Information System
Data
Information
Systems
Networks
Hardware
Software
People
Procedures
Computer-based
information
systems (CBIS)
use computer
technology to
perform some or
all of their tasks

Graduate School of
CBIS
AIS
MIS
DSS
VO
KMS
The CBIS Model
Problem
Information Decision
Problem
Solving

Graduate School of
Information Systems:
Concepts and Definitions (continued)
• Information Technology Architecture.
A high-level map or plan of the information
assets in an organization, which guides
current operations and is a blueprint for
future directions.
• Information Technology Infrastructure.
The physical facilities, IT components, IT
services and IT management that support an
entire organization.

Graduate School of
IT Architecture of Online
Travel Agency

Graduate School of
IT Components, IT Platform, IT
Services, and IT Infrastructure

Graduate School of
The Global Web-Based Platform
• Best represented by the Internet and the World
Wide Web
• Enables users to connect, compute,
communicate, collaborate, and compete
everywhere and anytime
• Operates without regard to geography, time,
distance, and language

Graduate School of
The Global Web-Based Platform

Graduate School of
The Stages of Globalization
(From Thomas Friedman in The World is Flat)
• Globalization 1.0 (from 1492 to 1800)
• Globalization 2.0 (from 1800 to 2000)
• Globalization 3.0 (from 2000 to the present)

Graduate School of
Globalization 2.0 (first half)
Steam engine
Railroads

Graduate School of
Globalization 2.0 (second half)
Satellites
Fiber
optics
OpenMoko open source smart phone
Apple Mac Pro

Graduate School of
Globalization 3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0

Graduate School of
Globalization 3.0 (continued)
Schematic Map of the Internet

Graduate School of
Thomas Friedman’s Ten Flatteners
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
• Netscape goes public
• Development of work-flow software
• Uploading
• Outsourcing
• Offshoring
• Supply Chaining
• Insourcing
• Informing
• The Steroids

Graduate School of
The Steroids
• Digital: all analog content and processes are being
digitized
• Mobile: thanks to wireless technologies, computing,
connecting, collaborating can be done anywhere
• Virtual: the process of shaping, manipulating, and
transmitting digitized content can be done at very
high speeds, so that users do not have to think about
these processes
• Personal: Individuals can perform all these
processes on their own computing devices

Graduate School of
First Steroid: Computing (processing)
TO
Charles Babbage’s
Difference Engine (1822)
Ultramobile personal
computer

Graduate School of
Computing (continued – storage)
TO
First disk storage unit by IBM (1956)
Capacity: 5 megabytes
Size: Refrigerator
Sony Micro Vault Thumb Drive
Capacity: 2 gigabytes

Graduate School of
Second Steroid:
Instant Messaging and File Sharing
Instant messaging
(example)
File sharing (example)

Graduate School of
Third Steroid:
Voice over Internet Protocol

Graduate School of
Fourth Steroid:
Videoconferencing
A telepresence system in a conference room

Graduate School of
Fifth Steroid:
Computer Graphics

Graduate School of
Sixth Steroid:
Wireless Technologies
Using cell phone
in motion
Geostationary satellite
Bluetooth phone
sunglasses

Graduate School of
IT Support
for Organizational Responses
responses.

Graduate School of
Business Pressures, Organizational
Responses, and IT Support

Graduate School of
Technological Innovation and
Obsolescence
Innovation:
Early calculator
Obsolescence: Slide Rule
Obsolescence:
old phonograph
Innovation:
iPod nano

Graduate School of
Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation:
digital camera
Innovation: “Credit
card” digital camera
Obsolescence: old
analog camera

Graduate School of
Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation: Notebook
computer with word
processing software
Obsolescence: Manual
typewriter

Graduate School of
Societal Pressures
• Social Responsibility
• Government Regulation and Deregulation
• Protection Against Terrorist Attacks
• Ethical Issues

Graduate School of
Social Responsibility (continued)
Youth Computer
Cuban Youth Club in Cuba
Computer Club
mobile unit

Graduate School of
Social Responsibility
One Laptop per
Child initiative

Graduate School of
Organizational Responses
• Strategic Systems
• Customer Focus
• Make-to-Order and mass customization
• E-business and E-commerce

Session#1; introduction & concepts

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Session#1; introduction & concepts