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1. Ecological Niche
Rowel P. David

2. The Ecological Niche
Competitive Exclusion
Limiting Factors

3. Frog Dela Cruz
Learn your
ability,
capability
To survive
and to top
the area

4. Billions of people scattered around the planet
everyone has their own gifts of talent, ability and
personality that they can be use to dominate the
niche in where they fit on.

5. Producers
Mutualism

6. Ecosystem Organism
• Unique way of living among different
organism in their environment
• Interaction among other organism
• The way they obtain energy (food)
Ecological niche = the
“role” a species “plays”
in the ecosystem.
The ecological niche of species, therefore,
includes not just the species’ habitat, but
also the way in which it interacts with
other species and the physical
environment.

9. The Ecological Niche
Competitive Exclusion
Limiting Factors

10. • No two species can exist (survive) on
the same limiting resources at the
same time, all the time
• Species with identical resources
requirements cannot co-exist

11. I just finish Shopping I bought some
cloths. I just notice that there are
too much shop that sell male polo
too much compare to the demand.
Too much the species
that occupies the area,
(different species with
same needs, way of
survival and habitat)
Niche
Demand The
Available resources
in an area.

12. A week after I visit the shop, what I found out is that;
Some store offer other products already.
Some store transfer to other places.
Other are for close.
But still some popular store remain.

13. Evolution and divergence ensures
that similar species won’t compete
for the same resources
Nectar-feeder Insect-eater
seed-eater

14. Hawaiian honeycreepers:
seed-eating finch evolves into vacant niches?
“woodpecker”“nectar-feeder”

15. Reducing niche overlap through habitat
segregation
upper canopy
lower canopy
shrub
floor
resource overlap?
Separation along niches
Feeding behavior
Feeding height
Nesting time

16. Fundamental
vs. realized niche

17. Niche compression
 Realized niches are narrower than
fundamental niches, therefore the
species occupies a narrower range of
habitats than it would in the absence
of competition.
 The realized niche can be regarded as
a ‘competitive refuge’.
A place that provide
shelter or protection

19. Species A Species B
Very heavy completion leads to
competitive exclusion. One
species must go.
Species A Species B
“Two species requiring approximately the same resources
are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in
the same habitat.” J. Grinnell (1915)
When two species requiring the
same resources place on the same
habitat

20. 1. There are refuges from competition;
the potential loser hangs on in marginal
habitats; or
2. The loser can re-immigrate from
elsewhere; or
3. Disturbances in the environment
prevent the winner from gaining a
complete monopoly.
Also known as “Gause’s principle” after mathematical
formulation by Gause in 1930.
Formulated and proven by Vito Voltera, and Alfred Gause shown
experimental evidences
In consequence, the loser is excluded, at least locally, unless…

21. Species A
Species B
Has a bigger niche –
it is more generalist
Has a smaller niche
– it is more
specialists.
Specialists, however
do tend to avoid
competition

22. Species A
Species B
Species A
Species B
Evolution by natural
selection towards
separate niches
Interspecific
competition occurs
where niches of
species A and B
overlap
Specialization into
two separate niches

24. The Ecological Niche
Competitive Exclusion
Limiting Factors

26. With Food, With Water, With Shelter But Not
Enough
Dissolve
oxygen….
Wow yes a big catch
lucky am I …. Curse You shoes
WTF its sinking
Help Me… Blap Blap
Blop….

30. THE END
RDAVID Production