This document discusses earthquake risk mitigation and management in Pakistan. It begins by explaining what causes earthquakes and defines earthquake risk. It then discusses mitigation efforts, including the role of the National Disaster Management Authority in Pakistan. Specific mitigation strategies are outlined, such as educating the public, enforcing building codes, and establishing early warning systems. Personal precautions before, during, and after an earthquake are also summarized. Overall, the document stresses the earthquake risk in Pakistan and need for improved mitigation and management to reduce risks and losses from future seismic events.

1. EARTHQUACK RISK,
MITIGATION AND THEIR
MANAGEMENT
IN PAKISTAN
WORKSHOP By
Usama Maqsood
MS RS & GIS
NUST

2. • The basics of Earthquake
• Its causes
• The risk management:
• During disaster
• After disaster

3. WHAT REALLY IS EARTHQUAKE…?
• An earthquake is the
result of a sudden
release of energy in
the Earth's crust that
creates seismic
waves

4. TECTONICS
• Earthquake occurs at plate margins and at major fault lines.
• But mostly on the conservative and destructive margins.
• The two plates at a plate margin cannot move past each other easily. The
two plates become locked. Friction causes pressure to build up. Suddenly,
the pressure is released and the plates jolt into a new position. This causes
seismic waves. The vibrations they cause are called an earthquake.

5. REASON FOR EARTHQUAKES

6. VULNERABILITY

7. EARTHQUAKE RISK!!!!!
• Two third of Pakistan lies on fault lines. So can’t be IGNORED
• NDMA is responsible for Disaster management in Pakistan.
• Its function is to organize Training and Awareness Activities for officials of
NDMA, PDMAs, DDMAs, ministries, departments and other stakeholders to
enhance their knowledge and skills on disaster risk management.
• Due to lack of technology and awareness about the new trend we always
suffer additionally and don’t learn from our past mistakes.
• Our most hazard prone areas (active zones) are highly populated.
• Using RS and GIS tools, these scenarios can be well addressed and properly
tackled.

9. RECENT EARTHQUAKE IN PAKISTAN

10. EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION
• Mitigation is: “any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to
human life and property from natural hazards”.
• Transferring the responsibility of the risk by getting insurance.
• Also educating the public and raising awareness of earthquake risks...!!!

11. Hazard
Mitigation
Identification
Risk Analysis
Defining
Strategy
Activities and
Projects

12. PRECAUTIONARY METHODS

13. PERONAL LEVEL: BEFORE
• Put together an emergency kit – flashlight, first aid kit, radio,
drinking water, blankets.
• Develop a family communication plan – identify a relative
living at least 100 miles away; everyone can call to “check in”
to tell family you’re safe.
• Make sure all heavy or breakable items are on lower shelves.
• Know how to turn off utilities.

14. PRESONAL LEVEL: DURING
1. DROP to the ground.
2. COVER yourself under a sturdy table or desk, and cover
your face and head with your arms.
3. HOLD ON to something sturdy until the shaking stops.

15. • If you’re driving, pull off the road, away from buildings and utility poles, and stay in
your car.
• If you’re outside, drop to the ground, away from large objects, and cover your face
and head with your arms.

16. PERSONAL LEVEL: AFTER
• Find your family; check for injuries
• If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, go outside – shut off
gas valve
• Be careful to avoid live power lines and broken glass
• Listen to news for latest emergency information
• Be ready for aftershocks!

17. NDMA
(NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AUTHORITY)
• Establish Disaster Management Authorities
• Conduct National Risk Assessment
• Establish Emergency Operations System
• Training, Education and Awareness
• Support Disaster Risk Management Planning
• Implement Mitigation programs in 50 High Risk Districts
• Integrate Disaster Risk Reduction into Development practice
• Strengthen a Multi-hazard Early Warning System
• Develop Post Disaster Recovery Capacity

18. WHAT WE ALWAYS SEE….

19. PRE-EVENT ACTIVITIES:
Demarcation of active fault lines
Possible damage and cascading effects
Land-use monitoring in active areas
Regularized monitoring and assessments
Modelling using RS and GIS data
House structure monitoring
Educating general public about the possible damages and ways to avoid them
Public awareness
After every event, recalibrate the model to produce more precise predictions

20. POST EVENT ACTIVITIES
Mapping the hit areas
Re-establishing the communication infrastructures
Clearing the roads and providing emergency help
Serve the injuries first and evacuated them
Look for any cascading effects and minimize them
Database the whole exercise in order to avoid discrepancies
about requirements
Getting supplies for all sort of needed object until the area
becomes stable again

21. EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

22. ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

23. ANY QUESTIONS…!!!!