An earthquake seminar was held to discuss disaster management. Earthquakes originate from sudden ruptures within the earth that generate seismic waves. The focus is the point of rupture, while the epicenter is where seismic waves reach the surface. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale based on energy released. Post-earthquake management includes damage surveys, evacuations, emergency services, and long-term rehabilitation. Preparedness involves establishing safety plans, securing items, and knowing proper responses during and after an earthquake occurs.

1. WELCOME
Class seminar on Disaster Management
EARTHQUAKES
Prashant
I M.V.Sc
MVNK-1418
Veterinary college, Nandinagar, Bidar.

2. What is an Earthquake
• An earthquake is a series of vibrations on the
earth’s surface caused by the generation of
elastic (seismic) waves due to sudden rupture
within the earth during release of
accumulated strain energy.

3. Structure of earth

5. Focus & Epicenter
• The point within Earth
where earthquake
originates is called
focus
• The point of projection
of earthquake on the
surface is called
epicenter

6. Characteristics of earthquake
• Body waves
P and S waves
• Surface waves
L and R waves

7. Strength of Earthquake
• Measured on Richter scale based on the
amount of energy released during earthquake
• Maximum intensity of earthquake measured
till date is 9.5 in chile on 22nd may 1960.
• Second highest is 9.3 in Sumatra, indonesia on
26th December 2004.

8. Intensity of earthquake
(Richter scale)
Energy released
1.0 170 grams
2.0 6 kilograms
3.0 179 kilograms
4.0 5 Metric tons
5.0 179 Metric tons
6.0 5643 Metric tons
7.0 1,79,100 Metric tons
7.5 1 Megaton
8.0 5,64,300 Metric tons

9. Seismograph

10. Magnitude and Intensity of
Earthquake
• Magnitude- measure of the size of the
Earthquake or energy released. It is measured in
Richter scale.
• Intensity- measure of the effects of an
earthquake at a particular space on humans,
animals, structures etc. It depends upon the
magnitude, distance from epicenter and local
conditions etc.
it is measured in two intensity scales
1. modified mercalli (MM) scale.
2. Medvedev-Sponheaer-Karnik (MSK) scale.

11. Effects of Earthquake
Deaths
Fissures Road collapse
Cracks

12. Landslides Building collapse

13. Liquefaction Fire

14. Other effects
• Tsunamis
• Dam failure
• Atomic power point failure
• Flood- water contamination

15. Factors affecting damage
• Amount & duration of shaking
• Water content of soil
• Population concentration
• Building construction
• Distance from Epicenter
• Depth of focus
• Direction of rupture

16. SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA

18. EARTHQUAKE
MITIGATION

19. Community based preparation for earthquake
• Sensitization of community living in zone III, IV
& V
• Done at Block/village/mohalla/colonies level
• By respective administrative machinery &
NGOs like Resident welfare associations, Gram
volunteers etc.

20. Do’s and Don’ts
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
• Establish Family Earthquake Plan
• Pick "safe places" in each room of your home
• Learn First Aid
• Large Heavy Objects on Lower Shelves
• Breakables on Lower Shelves/Closed Cabinets
• No Heavy Objects Above the Desk

21. • Repair structural defects in the building
• Don’t hang heavy items mirrors, pictures etc.
in sitting places
• Repair of electrical wirings and gas leakages
• Know emergency phone numbers
• Arrange transistor radio, torch, battery,
candle, match box, water purifying tablets

22. • Have a disaster emergency kit ready
• Insure house and household articles
• Move the cattle to a safe place with ample
fodder and drinking water
• Store dry food, drinking water and fuel at safe
place when there is warning

23. DURING EARTHQUAKE
• If indoors- Drop, cover, and hold on!
• Drop to the ground and stay there
until the shaking stops
• Stay indoors until the shaking stops
and you're sure it's safe to exit
• Avoid escalators. Use stairs
• Stay away from glass, windows and
falling objects

24. • If at outdoors - away from buildings, trees,
streetlights, and power lines.
• If in open area – stay there until shaking stops
• Do Not Smoke or Light Matches or Lighters
• If Driving: Stop If Safe & Stay Inside Car
• Avoid stopping Under Trees, Power
Lines, or Signs
• Stay Away from Bridges, Overpasses &
Tunnels

25. • If trapped under debris
Don’t light match, cover mouth, tap a
pipe or wall/whistle so that rescuers can
locate
• If in mountain area - be alert for falling rocks
• If in a coastal area - move to higher ground

26. AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
• Check yourself for injuries
• Protect yourself from further
• After you have taken care of yourself, help
injured or trapped persons
• Inspect your home for damage. Get everyone
out if your home is unsafe
• Watch out for fallen power lines or broken gas
lines, and stay out of damaged areas

27. • Listen to a portable, battery-operated radio
for updated emergency information and
instructions
• Watch for loose plaster, drywall, and ceilings
that could fall
• Take pictures of the damage, both to the
house and its contents, for insurance claims
• Check for gas leaks

28. • Look for electrical system damage
• Check for sewage and water line damage
• Avoid smoking
• When entering buildings, use extreme caution
• Use the telephone only to report life-
threatening emergencies

29. Post earthquake management by
respective authorities
Survey of damage
– No. of houses collapsed/damaged
– Human & livestock lost
– Compensation estimation
– Shelters required
– Repairs
Assessing the emergency needs
Evacuation services to victims
Disposal of dead bodies
Psychological and traumatic care of victims

30. Provision of emergency shelter and medical
care
Restoration of lifelines and essential services
Rehabilitation & reconstruction of damaged
structures