Presentation on this topic is available on link 👇
https://youtu.be/d_JgNiYv7eU
This topic contains detail about genital prolapse in pregnancy, It's definition, incidence, types, stages, causes, risk factors, clinical features, effect of prolapse, effect on pregnancy, effect during labour and puerperium, prevention, treatment and nursing management during pregnancy, labour and puerperium.
Presentation on this topic is available on link 👇
https://youtu.be/d_JgNiYv7eU
This topic contains detail about genital prolapse in pregnancy, It's definition, incidence, types, stages, causes, risk factors, clinical features, effect of prolapse, effect on pregnancy, effect during labour and puerperium, prevention, treatment and nursing management during pregnancy, labour and puerperium.
Explains the inflammatory process of endometrium,its causes and its two clinical variants as acute and chronic endometritis.
Describes the pathology of its two types with histologic perspective.
This topic contains definition, incidence, varieties, causes, risk factors, dangers, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and management of inversion of uterus.
This presentation has a complete description of Vulvo-Vaginal hematoma, its causes , clinical features and management strategy. Hematoma can happen in case of episiotomy given during childbirth
Preterm labor is the labor that starts before the 37th completed week. In this presentation, we will discover causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, and management principles for preterm labor along with the most recent evidence.
Cervical Erosion
Dr. Yashika
Definition
Cervical erosion is a condition where the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by columnar epithelium which is continuous with endocervix.
Aetiology
Congenital
Acquired
Clinical features
Symptoms :
Vaginal discharge
Contact bleeding
Associated cervicitis
SIGNS :
Diagnosis
Ectropion
Early carcinoma
Primary Lesion (Chancre)
Tubercular ulcer
Management
Pregnancy
Pill user
Persistent ectopy
Under the topic of (APH) I talked about the most common causes of (APH) which are placental causes, including Placental Abruption, Placenta Previa and Vasa previa and I depended on the most famous obstetric and gynecological books, Like:
1-An evidence-based text for MRCOG, THIRD EDITION. 2016
2-Bedside Obstetrics and Gynecology (2010)
3-Differential_Diagnosis_in_Obstetrics and gynecology
And other books
Abortion Including Recurrent Abortion And Septic Abortion.pptxDeepekaTS
Abortion is defined as the spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy
before fetal viability. Many prefer miscarriage for spontaneous loss.
abortion as
loss or termination of a pregnancy with a fetus aged younger than 20 weeks’
gestation or weighing <500 g.
Of all miscarriages, approximately half are euploid abortions, that is, carrying a normal chromosomal complement.
Most common abnormalities are
trisomy, found in 50 to 60 percent;
monosomy X, in 9 to 13 percent; and
triploidy, in 11 to 12 percent
A prominent miscarriage risk is associated with poorly
controlled diabetes mellitus, obesity, thyroid disease, and systemic lupus
erythematosus. In these, inflammatory mediators may be an underlying theme
to pregnancy loss.
For women undergoing cancer treatment, direct therapeutic radiation can
cause miscarriage.
Explains the inflammatory process of endometrium,its causes and its two clinical variants as acute and chronic endometritis.
Describes the pathology of its two types with histologic perspective.
This topic contains definition, incidence, varieties, causes, risk factors, dangers, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and management of inversion of uterus.
This presentation has a complete description of Vulvo-Vaginal hematoma, its causes , clinical features and management strategy. Hematoma can happen in case of episiotomy given during childbirth
Preterm labor is the labor that starts before the 37th completed week. In this presentation, we will discover causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, and management principles for preterm labor along with the most recent evidence.
Cervical Erosion
Dr. Yashika
Definition
Cervical erosion is a condition where the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by columnar epithelium which is continuous with endocervix.
Aetiology
Congenital
Acquired
Clinical features
Symptoms :
Vaginal discharge
Contact bleeding
Associated cervicitis
SIGNS :
Diagnosis
Ectropion
Early carcinoma
Primary Lesion (Chancre)
Tubercular ulcer
Management
Pregnancy
Pill user
Persistent ectopy
Under the topic of (APH) I talked about the most common causes of (APH) which are placental causes, including Placental Abruption, Placenta Previa and Vasa previa and I depended on the most famous obstetric and gynecological books, Like:
1-An evidence-based text for MRCOG, THIRD EDITION. 2016
2-Bedside Obstetrics and Gynecology (2010)
3-Differential_Diagnosis_in_Obstetrics and gynecology
And other books
Abortion Including Recurrent Abortion And Septic Abortion.pptxDeepekaTS
Abortion is defined as the spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy
before fetal viability. Many prefer miscarriage for spontaneous loss.
abortion as
loss or termination of a pregnancy with a fetus aged younger than 20 weeks’
gestation or weighing <500 g.
Of all miscarriages, approximately half are euploid abortions, that is, carrying a normal chromosomal complement.
Most common abnormalities are
trisomy, found in 50 to 60 percent;
monosomy X, in 9 to 13 percent; and
triploidy, in 11 to 12 percent
A prominent miscarriage risk is associated with poorly
controlled diabetes mellitus, obesity, thyroid disease, and systemic lupus
erythematosus. In these, inflammatory mediators may be an underlying theme
to pregnancy loss.
For women undergoing cancer treatment, direct therapeutic radiation can
cause miscarriage.
A miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is an event that results in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically happens during the first trimester, or first three months, of the pregnancy. Miscarriages can happen for a variety of medical reasons, many of which aren't within a person's control.
As an intern doctor in Gyne department , this presentation outlines the steps of assessment of an infertile couple including history taking , examinations and relevant investigations and imagings .
Fluid therapy in pediatrics/ oral dehydration solution/Dehydration.Haneen Hassan
Introduction.
Oral rehydration solution.
How to prepare ORS.
How to administer ORS.
How to give ORS.
Limitation of ORS.
Definition of Dehydration.
Degree of dehydration.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
6. MISCARRIAGE
• It is a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the
fetus has reached a viable gestational age.
• the legal definition of miscarriage in UK is spontaneous
loss of pregnancy at or before 24 weeks gestation.
Spontaneously Miscarriage
Induced Abortion
7. MISCARRIAGE
• First - trimester miscarriage occurs below 12 weeks’ gestation
and accounts for the majority , The overall rate is 20%.
• Second - trimester miscarriage is less common, occurring for 1 -
4% of all miscarriage.
9. 1. GENERAL MATERNAL FACTORS
Maternal medical and endocrine disorder as DM,
antiphospholipid syndrome, SLE, and thyroid disease.
The risk of abortion increases with maternal age. The
probable explanation is the increased incidence of
chromosomally abnormal conceptus.
Drugs: methotrexate, some antiepileptic drugs.
10. Infection: Mycoplasma, Listeria, varicella, rubella and other
viral illnesses, they are all treated with antibiotics.
Maternal smoking and alcohol consuming are associated
with increased risk of abortion.
A little evidence that a sudden physical or emotional shock
can cause pregnancy loss.
11. 2. LOCAL MATERNAL CAUSES:
Cervical incompetence
Congenital abnormalities of the uterus
• a mid - trimester pregnancy lost
• sudden unexpected rupture of
the membranes
• followed by painless expulsion of
the products of conception
• Sequential U/s
• Hysterosalpingiogra
m
• Hystroscope
• laproscope
12. Acquired uterine abnormalities:
Intrauterine adhesions:
• result from trauma.
• When most of the uterine cavity
has been obliterated (Ashermane
syndrome), amenorrhea results
• A surgical correction.
13. 3. FETAL CAUSES:
the most common cause is a significant genetic abnormality
of the conceptus.
2/3 of spontaneous first- trimester miscarriage has a
significant chromosomal anomalies,
4. Immunological factors
14. 4. CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
• Chromosomal abnormalities in 50-70% of cases.
• As in trisomies (mainly trisomy 16, 21 and 22),
triploidy and monosomy (XO, Turners syndrome).
5. Immunological factors
17. Treatment:
simple reassurance
Bed rest.
Avoid strenuous work.
Avoid sexual intercourse.
Tocolytics are of no role.
Followed by us at antenatal visits.
Available evidence suggest that the pregnancy with
less than 5% risk of miscarriage if the fetal heartbeat
is normal and bleeding resolve.
If the bleeding not not resolved the pregnancy may end with
inevitable miscarriage. 0
20. Treatment
1. Expectant management:
Up to 85% of miscarriages will resolve spontaneously within 3
weeks of diagnosis.
Expectant management allows for the avoidance of surgery &
general anesthesia.
21.
22. 3. Surgical intervention;
By evacuation of products of conception.
After failure of medical treatment.
Increase risk of perforation and anesthetic complication
24. Treatment;
No further management is needed as miscarriage is complet
and there is no retained products of conception or suggestion
of sepsis.
There is no need for anti_D even if the mother is RH negative
if the GA is less than 12 weeks gestation.
25. MISSED MISCARRIAGE:
• the fetus has died but is retained in the uterus.
• Absent of the pregnancy signs & symptoms.
• Absent pain.
• Slight brownish vaginal discharge.
• Absent fetal movement in multiparous.
• Discovered by Routine U/s.
• Os closed by speculum ex.
• u/s showing a non viable fetus.
26. Investigations;
u/s to confirm the viability.
Hb ,blood group and cross matching
platelet count & plasma fibrinogen.
RBS
GUE.
Treatment
1. Expectant management:
Up to 85% of miscarriages will resolve spontaneously within 3
weeks of diagnosis.
Expectant management allows for the avoidance of surgery &
general anesthesiaك
27. 2.Medical management;
By administration of mifepristone followed by
misoprostol intra-vaginally 48h later.
Medical management avoid the risk of surgical
intervention and anesthesia.
Explain to the patient that she may need surgical
intervention after failure of medical treatment.
28. `
3. Surgical intervention;
By evacuation of products of conception.
After failure of medical treatment.
Increase risk of perforation and anesthetic complication
30. CAUSES OF RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
1. Structural genetic factors: these include:
a. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities
b. Paternal chromosomal abnormality
2. Anatomical factors:
a. Congenital uterine anomaly
b. Cervical weakness
c. Acquired uterine anomaly:
31. 3. Prothrombotic factors:
a.Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
b. Thrombophilia
4. Endocrinological factors:
a.Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
B. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and thyroid disorders
5. Immunological factors
6. Idiopathic recurrent miscarriage: 50%
32. DIAGNOSIS:
1. History – taking:
• LMP: remember to confirm the length of cycle, regularity and the use of contraception
around time of conception
• Symptoms: pain and/ or bleeding.
• Past medical history: as in poorly controlled DM is associated with miscarriage
• Medications: prescribed or non-prescribed drugs.
33. 3. Vaginal examination:
will reveal whether the cervix is open or if products of
conception are identifiable at cervical os.
4. Speculum examination
exclude local causes of bleeding in addition to the quantity of
loss at presentation.
2. Examination:
General examination : to assess the immediate well – being of the patient.
Abdominal examination;
Determine the fundal height: fibroid or multiple pregnancy
Examine for the evidence of other pelvic masses, which may explain the presence
of pain (e.g. ovarian torsion, degenerating fibroids).
Look for evidence of intra – abdominal bleeding or generalized distension of the
abdomen.
Confirm location of pain.
34.
35. MANAGEMENT
1. Expectant management:
Up to 85% of miscarriages will resolve spontaneously within 3
weeks of diagnosis.
Expectant management allows for the avoidance of surgery &
general anesthesia
patient also potentially feels more in control. Women undergoing
expectant care may require unplanned admission if they start to
bleed heavily.
36. 2. Medical management:
œAbout 20% of patients with miscarriage will respond to medical
treatment.
œ Prostaglandins are used in single dose or divided doses
administered orally (misoprostol) or vaginally (Gemeprost).
œMisoprostol is cheap and effective in both oral and vaginal forms.
œSide effects nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which can be
problematic.
œOften, mifepristone (a progesterone antagonist) is used together
with prostaglandin to increase the success rate of medical treatment.
œwomen undergoing medical management of miscarriage need to
understand that they may need surgical treatment if medical
treatment fails.
37. 3. Surgical management:
• Surgical management or evacuation of products of conception
(ERCP) has a high success rate 0f 95 - 100%.
• The procedure can be performed under local or general anesthesia.
• Cervical dilatation can be assisted by cervical priming with a
prostaglandin (e.g. misopristol) a minimum of one hour prior to the
procedure and it is strongly recommended when the patient has no
vaginal delivery before.