The document summarizes a seminar presentation on e-rickshaws. It discusses the introduction and working of e-rickshaws, including their components and charging stations. It presents the objectives and conclusions of the seminar, as well as the merits, demerits and future scope of e-rickshaws. Case studies and literature reviews on e-rickshaws are also summarized. The presentation evaluates e-rickshaws as an energy efficient and environmentally friendly transportation solution with potential to address issues of pollution and last mile connectivity.

1. Seminar
On
“E-Rickshaw”
1
By-
Kemdharne Shubham
Roll No:402161 BE(M)-1
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College
N-6 CIDCO, Aurangabad – 431001
Year 2018-19
Guide – Prof. Dr. Arvind L. Chel

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objectives
• Classification of 3-Wheeled Vehicles
• Working Principle
• Major Components and Parts
• Case Study
• Merits
• Demerits
• Future Scope
• Conclusions
• References
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3. Introduction
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• E-Rickshaws- a green solution with no petrol, CNG and mobile-
oil requirements.
• Electric rickshaws need minimum maintenance and could serve
as a solution to last mile commuting problems.
• They are 3 wheelers pulled by an electric motor (BLDC) and
consists of differential mechanism at rear wheels.
• Basically these vehicles have a mild steel tubular chassis.
• The electrical system used in Indian version is 48V DC can run
90-100 km/full charge.
• Basic seating capacity is 4+1

4. Literature Review
Research Paper Title Author Key Conclusions
Merits and Challenges of E-
Rickshaw as An Alternative
form of Public Road Transport
System
Deepanjan Majumdar,
Tushar Jash
E-rickshaws are energy efficient than
other forms of motorized public road
transport vehicles.
E-Rickshaw Management
System
Tanya Singhal, Purwa
Maheshwari, Tanushree
The system with the help of RFID and
GPS technologies addresses safety of
the passengers by tracking their
journey.
E-Rickshaw Service in
Barddhaman Town: Importance,
Problems and Future Prospects
Arindam Roy E-rickshaw is the most environmental
friendly type of vehicle and may
provide valuable services in urban
areas in future with effective planning.
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5. 5
Research Paper Title Author Key Conclusions
Commercial and technological
feasibility study of using solar
e-rickshaws for semi-urban
areas.
Tarun Saxena, Manish
Kumar, Dr. Kesari J.P.
Solar e-rickshaw is found to be
technically feasible than many vehicles
on the road as it is noise free, cheaper
and most efficient of all another type.
e-Rickshaws in Delhi – A Green
Project : Myth or Reality
Dr. Aparna Marwah, Dr.
Daljeet Singh Bawa
They do not add to noise pollution and
if implemented in planned phases, it
can also serve as means of promoting
gender equalities.
Evaluating the Socioeconomic
and environmental impact of
battery operated auto rickshaw
in Khulna city
Mahinur Rahman and
Md. Raisul Islam
Safety condition is not satisfactory as
these are light weight vehicles which
increase vulnerability to traffic
accidents.

6. Objectives
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• To assess the importance of E-rickshaw services.
• To identify the problems and future prospects associated with
the initiation of e-rickshaw service.
• To investigate the future scope of development of e-rickshaw
service along with its potentiality.

7. Classification of 3-Wheeled Vehicles
3-Wheeled
Vehicles
Motorized Transport
Vehicles
Auto-
Rickshaws
(LPG &
Diesel based)
Mechanized
Van
Rickshaws
E-Rickshaws
Non-Motorized
Transport Vehicles
Van
Rickshaws
Cycle
Rickshaws
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8. Working Principle
• The working of E-Rickshaw is based on DC motor, battery &
suspension system.
• It uses a Brushless DC motor ranging from 650-1400 Watts
with a differential mechanism at rear wheels.
• It consists of the controller unit.
• The battery used is mostly Lead acid or Li-ion battery.
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9. Major Components and Parts
• Electric Motor: BLDC type 650-1400W & 48V motor. It is
controlled via an electronic controller.
• Electronic Motor Controller: The controller includes a
manual or automatic switch turning the motor on/off, selecting
forward or reverse motion, selecting and regulating speed.
• Battery: Set of four 12V deep cycle lead acid/Li-ion batteries.
• Brakes: Drum brakes, actuated internally, expanding shoe type
• Steering: Handle bar type steering.
• Front Suspension: Helical Spring with dampener with
hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers.
• Rear Suspension: Leaf spring carriage spring with rear
shocker.
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10. Charging Stations
An electric vehicle charging station is an element in an
infrastructure that supplies electric energy for the recharging of
electric vehicles.
10
Types of Charging
Stations
Level-I Charging
Stations
Level-II Charging
Stations
Level-III (DC Fast)
Charging Stations

11. 1. Level-I Charging Stations
• It comes under slow charging.
• It takes about 8-10 hours to completely charge the vehicle.
• These are mostly used at home as it perfectly suits
overnight charging.
• With this type of charging, the life of batteries is high.
2. Level-II Charging Stations
• It comes under medium charging category.
• It takes 3-4 hours to completely charge the vehicles.
• With this type of charging, the life of batteries is
comparatively high but not as that of level-I charging.
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12. 3. Level-III Charging Stations
• This is the fastest type of charging.
• The charging units are very expensive and require more
power.
• To charge 80% of the battery, it takes around 30 to 45
minutes.
• Life of battery is widely affected by the speed of charging.
Thus by taking into consideration the factors like speed of
charging and battery life of vehicles, it can be concluded that
Level-II charging is the best way of charging the vehicles in
present scenario.
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13. Case Study
• The presented information is based on a case study in West
Bengal state where travel pattern of these vehicles has been
studied.
Table 1. E-rickshaw specifications
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Parameter Specification
Motor DC series excitation brushless
Power 850W
Charge voltage 220 V (50Hz)
Charging time 6-10 hours
Top speed 25 km/h
Net weight 190 kg
Max load capacity <=400 kg

14. Table 2. Specific CO2 emission of motorized three-wheeled vehicles
• Thus the E-rickshaw system is able to eliminate 5121.05 kg of
CO2 per year and is equivalent to planting 16 trees every year.
Fig. 1. E-Rickshaw in West Bengal
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Sr.
No.
Vehicles Specific CO2 emission
(gm/passenger-km)
1 Auto-rickshaw (LPG) 23.556
2 Auto-rickshaw (Diesel) 21.51
3 E-Rickshaw 19.29

15. Fig. 2. Comparison of specific energy consumption of public transport in West Bengal
The another plus point of E-Rickshaw is that it consumes less
specific energy than other public transport vehicles.
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16. Key Conclusions
• E-rickshaws are energy efficient than other forms of vehicles.
• Proper implementation of the e-rickshaws has the potential to
address the issues of environmental pollution.
• Designing of vehicles require maintaining safety standards.
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17. Merits
• Green mode of transport.
• Affordable service for users.
• Best alternative for fuel vehicles.
• Ease of access.
• Low maintenance cost.
• Solving last mile issue.
• Source of employment.
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18. Demerits
• Lack of infrastructure facilities.
• Vehicle lacks stability being light in weight.
• More electricity consumption as it needs to recharge daily.
• Maximum speed is less than other forms of vehicles.
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19. Future Scope
• Design Charging Station like conventional fuel stations.
• The e-rickshaws can be equipped with digital gadgets
including GPRS and CCTV cameras, keeping women’s safety
in mind.
• Design Halt and Go stand for these rickshaws like bus stand to
avoid traffic jams on roads.
• More use of these rickshaws will reduce pollution.
• The quality of e-rickshaw service associated with safety
measures needs to be significantly improved to provide more
safe and secure journey.
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20. Conclusions
• E-rickshaws are energy efficient than other forms of motorized
public road transport vehicles in the country.
• It emits lower level of pollutants than other vehicles.
• E-rickshaws have the potential to reduce the fuel oil
consumption for passenger transportation which may lead to
both economic and environmental benefit.
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21. References
• Deepanjan Majumdar, Tushar Jash. Merits and Challenges of
E-Rickshaw as An Alternative form of Public Road Transport
System: A Case Study in the State of West Bengal in India.
2015 International Conference on Alternative Energy in
Developing Countries and Emerging Economies.
• Dr. Aparna Marwah, Dr. Daljeet Singh Bawa. E-Rickshaws in
Delhi-A Green Project: Myth or Reality, International Journal
of Management & Social Sciences; Vol. 05, Issue 01 (2016)
Pg. no. 17-20.
• Tanya Singhal, Tanushree, Purwa Maheshwari. E-Rickshaw
Management System. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science, Volume 9, No. 3.
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22. • Tarun Saxena, Manish Kumar, Dr. Kesari J.P. Commercial and
Technological Feasibility Study of using Solar E-Rickshaw for
Semi-Urban areas. International Journal of Development
Research, Vol. 07, Issue, 12, pp.17432-17439.
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station
• The E-Rickshaw Project. A Policy Recommendation
Regarding Development of Charging Infrastructure of E-
rickshaw in Delhi. India Smart Grid Forum. Great Lakes
Institute of Management, Gurgaon.
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23. THANK YOU!
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