The document describes a dynamical analysis of a silo surface cleaning robot using finite element modeling. The robot was modeled and meshed in ANSYS software. Modal, harmonic, and transient analyses were conducted. Modal analysis calculated the robot's natural frequencies. The analyses showed the robot is safe during operation and experiences acceptable deformation levels and stresses under dynamic loading within the silo.
The document summarizes various studies that have analyzed automobile frames using different techniques such as fatigue analysis, static analysis, and dynamic analysis. It discusses how finite element analysis has been used to study stress distributions in truck chassis, determine natural frequencies, and optimize chassis designs. Some key findings from studies discussed include that increasing chassis side member thickness can reduce stresses at joint areas, and mounting engine/transmission components along the first torsional vibration node reduces their effect. The document concludes that various analytical and experimental techniques are available for automobile frame analysis to determine stresses and durability under different operating conditions.
The existing problems of the bridge bearing capacity evaluation of asymmetric...IJERA Editor
Usually Grillage method commonly used and seeking lateral distribution coefficient method are based on solving the bridge in both internal forces and stress Symmetrical cross-section of the bridge. Therefore,this algorithm exists such a problem on bridge section asymmetry. In this paper, the finite element software beam elements were established, and a comparative analysis of solid elements to prove Grillage method and lateral distribution coefficient method in the calculation of internal forces of asymmetric cross section of bridge defects.
Determination of the Operational Parameters of a Planar Robot with Three JointsWaqas Tariq
Robots are currently made in numerous types and are used in diverse roles such as production lines, daily living activities and some security fields. These types of robots are well designed and successfully applied in many areas requiring high sensitivity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum values of several operational parameters for a planar robot with respect to robot design and construction. With this aim, a small planar robot with a three-jointed arm activated by hydraulic cylinders in each segment was evaluated using a technical design drawing. The arm motions of the planar robot are rotary and parallel within a vertical plane. The resulting optimal operational parameters of the planar robot were determined as starting and target positions of 31.5 cm and 55 cm, respectively, on the x-axis and 17.18 cm and 118.44 cm on the y–axis. Time-position and time-velocity graphs were constructed corresponding to the orbit-planning parameters, resulting in Cartesian velocities for the terminal processor of 13.98 m/sec on the x-axis and 20.16 m/sec on the y-axis at 1.5 seconds after initiation. The maximum power consumption of the robot was determined as 1 kW according to the outer load and arm weights.
1) The document presents a numerical study on stress analysis of curved beams conducted using ANSYS software.
2) Various curved beams with central included angles of 180°, 360°, 90°, and 270° degrees were analyzed under bending loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Newtons.
3) The results found that semi-circular beams experienced the highest stresses, while full circular beams showed increased stresses with higher loads.
Design and Identification of the Train Model in Automatic Train Operation (AT...IJRES Journal
ATO(Automatic Train Operation) is an important part of the ATC(Automatic Train Control), in which train modeling is the core of ATO. This paper designs a train model including three parts, and identify the train model by PEM method according to data of line 3.
This document describes the development of a virtual software package to model and test the kinematics of a 5 degree of freedom robot lever arm using MATLAB. It discusses using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention to define the coordinate frames and homogeneous transformation matrices between frames to calculate the forward and inverse kinematics. The modeling process in MATLAB is described, including defining the link diagram and using composite homogeneous transformations to determine the position and orientation of the end effector given the joint angles or to calculate the required joint angles to reach a desired end effector pose.
Fe investigation of semi circular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loadeSAT Journals
Abstract Curved beams are used as machine or structural members in many applications. Based on application of load they can be classified into two categories. Curved beams subjected to In-Plane loads are more familiar and are used for crane hooks, C-clamps etc. The other categories of curved beams are the ones that are subjected to out-of-plane loads. They find applications in automobile universal joints, raider arms and many civil structures etc.The results of this research on semicircular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loads have revealed some interesting results. For semicircular curved beams subjected to out-of-plane loads, it is shown that every section is subjected to a combination of transverse shear force, bending moment and twisting moment. By using ANSYS tool it is shown that Maximum principal stress occurs at section 120 degrees from the section containing the loading line. Moreover it is observed that fixed end of this curved beam is subjected to a state of pure shear. Key Words: Semi circular curved beam, Stress in curved beam, Out-of-plane load, FE analysis.
An investigation of structural integrity of chassis mounted platform subjectedIAEME Publication
This document investigates the structural integrity of a chassis-mounted platform subjected to concentrated loads during braking. It presents the mathematical analysis of braking forces, including shear force and bending moment diagrams. A total load of 12 tonnes was distributed at six ISO corner locations on the platform. Accounting for a 50% braking efficiency, horizontal forces half of the vertical loads were applied at each corner. Shear force and bending moment diagrams were generated and the maximum resultant bending moment was calculated to be 80.45470776 KN-m. Stress analysis of the longitudinal members was performed using this bending moment value to evaluate the structural strength of the platform during braking conditions.
The document summarizes various studies that have analyzed automobile frames using different techniques such as fatigue analysis, static analysis, and dynamic analysis. It discusses how finite element analysis has been used to study stress distributions in truck chassis, determine natural frequencies, and optimize chassis designs. Some key findings from studies discussed include that increasing chassis side member thickness can reduce stresses at joint areas, and mounting engine/transmission components along the first torsional vibration node reduces their effect. The document concludes that various analytical and experimental techniques are available for automobile frame analysis to determine stresses and durability under different operating conditions.
The existing problems of the bridge bearing capacity evaluation of asymmetric...IJERA Editor
Usually Grillage method commonly used and seeking lateral distribution coefficient method are based on solving the bridge in both internal forces and stress Symmetrical cross-section of the bridge. Therefore,this algorithm exists such a problem on bridge section asymmetry. In this paper, the finite element software beam elements were established, and a comparative analysis of solid elements to prove Grillage method and lateral distribution coefficient method in the calculation of internal forces of asymmetric cross section of bridge defects.
Determination of the Operational Parameters of a Planar Robot with Three JointsWaqas Tariq
Robots are currently made in numerous types and are used in diverse roles such as production lines, daily living activities and some security fields. These types of robots are well designed and successfully applied in many areas requiring high sensitivity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum values of several operational parameters for a planar robot with respect to robot design and construction. With this aim, a small planar robot with a three-jointed arm activated by hydraulic cylinders in each segment was evaluated using a technical design drawing. The arm motions of the planar robot are rotary and parallel within a vertical plane. The resulting optimal operational parameters of the planar robot were determined as starting and target positions of 31.5 cm and 55 cm, respectively, on the x-axis and 17.18 cm and 118.44 cm on the y–axis. Time-position and time-velocity graphs were constructed corresponding to the orbit-planning parameters, resulting in Cartesian velocities for the terminal processor of 13.98 m/sec on the x-axis and 20.16 m/sec on the y-axis at 1.5 seconds after initiation. The maximum power consumption of the robot was determined as 1 kW according to the outer load and arm weights.
1) The document presents a numerical study on stress analysis of curved beams conducted using ANSYS software.
2) Various curved beams with central included angles of 180°, 360°, 90°, and 270° degrees were analyzed under bending loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Newtons.
3) The results found that semi-circular beams experienced the highest stresses, while full circular beams showed increased stresses with higher loads.
Design and Identification of the Train Model in Automatic Train Operation (AT...IJRES Journal
ATO(Automatic Train Operation) is an important part of the ATC(Automatic Train Control), in which train modeling is the core of ATO. This paper designs a train model including three parts, and identify the train model by PEM method according to data of line 3.
This document describes the development of a virtual software package to model and test the kinematics of a 5 degree of freedom robot lever arm using MATLAB. It discusses using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention to define the coordinate frames and homogeneous transformation matrices between frames to calculate the forward and inverse kinematics. The modeling process in MATLAB is described, including defining the link diagram and using composite homogeneous transformations to determine the position and orientation of the end effector given the joint angles or to calculate the required joint angles to reach a desired end effector pose.
Fe investigation of semi circular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loadeSAT Journals
Abstract Curved beams are used as machine or structural members in many applications. Based on application of load they can be classified into two categories. Curved beams subjected to In-Plane loads are more familiar and are used for crane hooks, C-clamps etc. The other categories of curved beams are the ones that are subjected to out-of-plane loads. They find applications in automobile universal joints, raider arms and many civil structures etc.The results of this research on semicircular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loads have revealed some interesting results. For semicircular curved beams subjected to out-of-plane loads, it is shown that every section is subjected to a combination of transverse shear force, bending moment and twisting moment. By using ANSYS tool it is shown that Maximum principal stress occurs at section 120 degrees from the section containing the loading line. Moreover it is observed that fixed end of this curved beam is subjected to a state of pure shear. Key Words: Semi circular curved beam, Stress in curved beam, Out-of-plane load, FE analysis.
An investigation of structural integrity of chassis mounted platform subjectedIAEME Publication
This document investigates the structural integrity of a chassis-mounted platform subjected to concentrated loads during braking. It presents the mathematical analysis of braking forces, including shear force and bending moment diagrams. A total load of 12 tonnes was distributed at six ISO corner locations on the platform. Accounting for a 50% braking efficiency, horizontal forces half of the vertical loads were applied at each corner. Shear force and bending moment diagrams were generated and the maximum resultant bending moment was calculated to be 80.45470776 KN-m. Stress analysis of the longitudinal members was performed using this bending moment value to evaluate the structural strength of the platform during braking conditions.
Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of a Compressor Mounting BracketIOSRJMCE
Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, it presents the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a compressor mounting bracket (CMB). The dynamic behavior of CMB is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed using Altair HyperMesh and an numerical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element model agrees well with the experimental tests and eventually it helps the designer to design upfront with much lesser cost and time of experimentation
The article describes the design of the surface topography. The model uses
experimental data on the rough surface morphology. It is a 3-dimensional surface
microtopography. In case of incomplete or absent data, we can use statistically
processed parameters for longitudinal and transverse surface profiles. Taking into
account the possible inhomogeneity of the object of research, the microroughness of
generation uses a specially developed mathematical apparatus. The simulated surface
credibility. This approach makes it possible to estimate the parameters of each
surface microroughness. The analysis of the simulated and real surfaces. The actual
rough surface inhomogeneity causes discrepancies. It has been found that the
physical processes have been carried out during the contact. It has been found that
the process is to complete the process. The simulator has the highest possible
reliability. It is necessary to solve a specific engineering task. This software combines
a rough surface generation. It is a separate basic module modeling system.
Mathematical analysis of section properties of a platform integrated with veh...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work depicts mathematical behavior of a vehicle mounted platform/frame integrated with chassis structure in terms of plane stresses and plane strains for non-uniform loads. The load type considered in present work is concentrated load for which the mathematical model is formulated. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. The dimensions of platform members are determined using IS standards. After analysis of all possible combinations of longitudinal and cross members present design is anticipated. Section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform are determined & deduction of bending stress and shear force based on the load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of platform structure. The peculiarity of this analysis is the calculation of combined section modulus of three members. These are evaluated by excel programs developed indigenously.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Free vibrational analysis of curved beam with uniform rectangular cross sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Curved beams are plays an important role in different field like house roofing, bridges, cranes, automobiles chasses etc. The study
deals with the investigation of free vibrations of thick curved beams of SS316 and MS1018, both experimentally and using ANSYS.
The curved beams having different R/t ratio were fabricated by using mild steel material. Three different boundary conditions are
imposed for curved beams are as follows; free-free, clamped-free, clamped-clamped. For experimental investigation, magnetic
transducer and VIBXpert are used to conduct experiment on different curved beams. The present work also aims at developing a
numerical model for comparing ANSYS results with experimental results to analyze the frequencies and mode shapes
corresponding to three different boundary conditions. The curved beam were modelled, meshed and analyzed using ANSYS. The
first ten natural frequencies from finite element solutions are then compared with the experimental results. These effects also
become more significant for higher modes. It is also observed that the finite element solutions are closely in agreement with
experimental results.
Key words: Curved beams, Experimental investigation, Natural frequencies, modes
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF A CAR USING ANSYSIAEME Publication
In this paper, ANSYS CFX method is used to simulate a single car model with and without a spoiler and by using two types of mesh. The solution of the Reynolds average Navier Stokes equations (RANS equations) has been achieved by using two models such as K-Epsilon and K –Omega Turbulence model will be analysed. In this report, mesh quality, boundary layer and turbulent y+ value simulation has been thoroughly analysed and solution for both the models has also been compared and discussed the results. We use the ANSYS software to determine the drag and lift forces at different turbulence kinetic energy variables k-Epsilon and K-Omega for the given vehicle domain. Further, the effects of aerodynamic are verified with and without the spoiler.
A coordinate measuring machine is a device used to precisely measure the geometry of physical objects using probes attached to three orthogonal axes. It works by probing points on an object placed on the machine table and mapping their x, y, z coordinates, which are then uploaded to computer software for analysis and quality inspection. Common components include a main structure with three motion axes, a probing system, and a data collection system with controller and software.
The document discusses coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). CMMs are electromechanical systems used for coordinate metrology that can convert physical measurements into electrical signals. A basic CMM consists of a probe head and probe to contact workpiece surfaces, a mechanical structure that provides motion in three axes, and displacement transducers to measure coordinate values. Modern CMMs also include a drive system and control unit to move each axis. CMMs can precisely measure complex profiles with high sensitivity and speed and are classified based on their mechanical structure.
The structural analysis is an important tool that allows the research for weight reduction, the choose of the best materials and to satisfy specifications and requirements. In an aircraft’s design, several analyzes are made to prove that this aircraft will stand the set of maneuvers that it was designed to accomplish. This work will consider the preliminar project of an aircraft seeking to check the behavior of the wing under certain loading conditions in the flight envelope.To get to this load set, it has been done all the process of specification of an aircraft, such as mission definition, calculation of weight and c.g. envelope, definition of the geometric characteristics of the aircraft, the airfoil choice, preliminary performance equations, aerodynamic coefficients and the aircraft’s balancing for the equilibrium condition, but such things will not be considered in this article. For the structural analysis of the wing will be considered an arbitrary flight condition, disregarding the effect of gusts loads. With the acquisition of the items mentioned, the main forces acting on the wing structure and their equations will be calculated. The use of finite element method will enable the application of loads obtained just as the development of a method of calculation, along with the construction of a three-dimensional model that represents a chosen condition. The results will be discussed in order to explain the influence of the applied loads in the structural behavior of the wing principal structure.
STATIC ANALYSIS OF A 6 - AXIS INDUSTRIAL ROBOT USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSISIAEME Publication
The present work aims to find out the Deformation, Stresses, Shear Elastic Strainand Strain Energy at different points of an industrial robot to determine it’s the safetyfactor by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Six axis industrial robots are generally
used in industries for various production works such as pick and place and fordifferent operations. So it needs to be properly designed. The model of robot isestablished using the ANSYS software and finite element analysis is done. Different
values of typical gripper loads are applied, and values at different conditions arecompared to find out the weak parts, so further design improvement can be done.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural analysis using the moment-area method. It discusses two theorems by Mohr that form the basis of this method. Theorem 1 relates the angle between tangents on the elastic curve of a beam to the area under the bending moment diagram. Theorem 2 relates the vertical deviation of tangents to the moment of the area under the bending moment diagram. The document defines key terms like slope, deflection, and elastic curve. It also outlines the basic procedure for using the moment-area method to determine slope and displacement of beams.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document discusses different control methods for vehicle lateral control, including classical control theory, modern control theory, fuzzy logic, sliding mode control, and neural networks. It develops a 2DOF bicycle model of a vehicle and uses pole placement control to design a lateral controller. Simulation results show the vehicle can track a reference input but with large overshoots in yaw rate and velocity. An improved controller is designed with slower response but smaller state variable fluctuations. Future work involves implementing the controller with an observer and designing longitudinal control.
Effect of Discrete Yaw Direction Setting for 4 Roter Helicopter Control: Comp...AM Publications
In this paper, the effectiveness of discrete yaw direction setting in 4 rotor helicopter control was evaluated by simple computer simulation and Parrot AR. Drone 4 rotor helicopter in horizontal plane automatic position fixing control. For 4 rotor system, it is necessary to control the attitude of the drone and the position in the space simultaneously in order to realize stable flight of the system. The attitude control can be realized by the internal acc / gyro sensors with high sampling rate (near 1 kHz), on the contrary, the position control in the outdoor situation is necessary to realize by the external 3D position measurement method with relatively low sampling rate techniques (lower than 100 Hz) such as GPS. The low sampling rate reduces the positional control stability, and it is causing the control problem such applications of inspection work at high height and long distance. Our attempt is to evaluate the effect of adding discrete yaw direction setting while normal 4 rotor helicopter roll and pitch control in horizontal plane movement by a simple computer simulation and model implementation. By adding the discrete yaw direction setting to the target direction, the fixed position movement control performance of the 4 rotor system could increase comparing with without the yaw direction setting of the 4 rotor system. The proposed method would be useful to improve the 4 rotor system control performance under the relatively low sampling rate positional information acquired situation.
T-TECTO 3.0 is an integrated software program for structural analysis of fault-slip data. It enables paleostress and kinematic analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous fault-slip data using the Gauss method. Version 3.0 provides additional functions for detailed analysis including determination of maximum/minimum horizontal stresses and extensions, analysis of relative vertical deformations, optimization of parameters, and visualization of multiple slip mechanisms. The software allows analysis of fault-slip data, earthquake focal mechanisms, fractures, and other structures under stress.
Design and Linear Static Analysis of Transport Aircraft Vertical Tail for Dif...IJSRD
This document summarizes the design and linear static analysis of the vertical tail structure of a transport aircraft for different rudder deflection angles. The vertical tail and rudder structure was modeled in CATIA and analyzed in MSC Patran and NASTRAN. Stresses were calculated for rudder deflections of 10, 20, and 30 degrees. The maximum principal stress was found to be well below the yield strength of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy used, indicating the design is safe. Validation using a reserve factor approach also confirmed stresses are within acceptable limits for the expected loads on the vertical tail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Three Coordinates manipulator ...IJRES Journal
The paper studied the static and dynamic characteristics of the three coordinates manipulator which
was used in reliability test system for low voltage electrical apparatus. The deformation cloud diagram and
stress cloud diagram were obtained by using the finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench to carry out
the static analysis, and the result showed that the mechanism satisfied the rigidity and the intensity request. The
modal analysis of the mechanism which got the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the
first 8 order and compared the resonance frequency of the actual work environment was carried out. The random
vibration analysis of the mechanism wad carried out on the basis of modal analysis, which got the acceleration
response in the direction of x、y、z and the equivalent stress cloud diagram of the mechanism. According to the
results of analysis, the vibration control of the body should be applied to reduce the random vibration response
value.
Design Optimization of Front Suspension System of a Heavy Truck using Finite ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to optimize the design of a heavy truck's front suspension system. The original suspension system was modeled in CATIA and imported into HyperMesh for meshing. A harmonic analysis found the system was dynamically stable without resonance. Design optimization was then performed to minimize weight while satisfying structural requirements, resulting in a 45% weight reduction. Von Mises stress and deflection from static, dynamic, and optimized designs were all within allowable limits, confirming the safety of the optimized suspension system under expected loads.
This paper presents a novel six degrees of freedom mechanism to integrate conical article with the cylindrical article which are large and heavy. The six desired motions include six linear motions and six rational motions. The linear motions are vertical, longitudinal and lateral. The vertical motion is achieved by toggle jack, longitudinal by wheel and rail assembly and the lateral motion is achieved by cross slides. The three rotational motions namely pitch, yaw and roll are achieved by simultaneous movement of toggle jacks, simultaneous movement of cross slides and rollers respectively. It is designed in such a way that it sustains the weight of the heavy articles and also prevents slipping and toppling of the conical article. This approach helps to satisfy and fulfil the goal of aligning the main article flange to the conical article flange for further bolting. The mechanism is designed keeping in mind factors like ergonomics and aesthetics.
Simplified approach to consider cracking effect on the behavior of laterally ...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0410015
Laterally loaded pile is a famous case of soil-structure interaction problem which was intensively studied by many researchers before. The techniques used to predict the behavior of laterally loaded piles were developed with increasing of the available computational capabilities from closed mathematical formulas to finite differences technique and finally linear finite elements technique. Recently, very sophisticated 3D elasto-plastic non-linear finite element models were used to accurately predict that behavior. Unfortunately, those sophisticated models are too complicated to be used in practical design. Hence, the aim of this research is to introduce a much simpler and practical approach to predict the behavior of the laterally loaded concrete piles considering the nonlinear effect of concrete cracking. Special calculating tool based on finite elements is developed to carry out a parametric study of the behavior of a set of 24 piles with different aspect ratios, reinforcement ratios, relative stiffness and head constrains. The validity of the calculating tool is checked against case history field tests. The results of the parametric study show three different failure modes according to the flexibility of the pile. Comparing the results with the formulas of ECP (202/4) shows the matching in the ultimate lateral capacity, while the ultimate lateral deformations are about (127 to 132%) of the code prediction.
Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of a Compressor Mounting BracketIOSRJMCE
Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, it presents the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a compressor mounting bracket (CMB). The dynamic behavior of CMB is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed using Altair HyperMesh and an numerical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element model agrees well with the experimental tests and eventually it helps the designer to design upfront with much lesser cost and time of experimentation
The article describes the design of the surface topography. The model uses
experimental data on the rough surface morphology. It is a 3-dimensional surface
microtopography. In case of incomplete or absent data, we can use statistically
processed parameters for longitudinal and transverse surface profiles. Taking into
account the possible inhomogeneity of the object of research, the microroughness of
generation uses a specially developed mathematical apparatus. The simulated surface
credibility. This approach makes it possible to estimate the parameters of each
surface microroughness. The analysis of the simulated and real surfaces. The actual
rough surface inhomogeneity causes discrepancies. It has been found that the
physical processes have been carried out during the contact. It has been found that
the process is to complete the process. The simulator has the highest possible
reliability. It is necessary to solve a specific engineering task. This software combines
a rough surface generation. It is a separate basic module modeling system.
Mathematical analysis of section properties of a platform integrated with veh...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work depicts mathematical behavior of a vehicle mounted platform/frame integrated with chassis structure in terms of plane stresses and plane strains for non-uniform loads. The load type considered in present work is concentrated load for which the mathematical model is formulated. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. The dimensions of platform members are determined using IS standards. After analysis of all possible combinations of longitudinal and cross members present design is anticipated. Section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform are determined & deduction of bending stress and shear force based on the load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of platform structure. The peculiarity of this analysis is the calculation of combined section modulus of three members. These are evaluated by excel programs developed indigenously.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Free vibrational analysis of curved beam with uniform rectangular cross sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Curved beams are plays an important role in different field like house roofing, bridges, cranes, automobiles chasses etc. The study
deals with the investigation of free vibrations of thick curved beams of SS316 and MS1018, both experimentally and using ANSYS.
The curved beams having different R/t ratio were fabricated by using mild steel material. Three different boundary conditions are
imposed for curved beams are as follows; free-free, clamped-free, clamped-clamped. For experimental investigation, magnetic
transducer and VIBXpert are used to conduct experiment on different curved beams. The present work also aims at developing a
numerical model for comparing ANSYS results with experimental results to analyze the frequencies and mode shapes
corresponding to three different boundary conditions. The curved beam were modelled, meshed and analyzed using ANSYS. The
first ten natural frequencies from finite element solutions are then compared with the experimental results. These effects also
become more significant for higher modes. It is also observed that the finite element solutions are closely in agreement with
experimental results.
Key words: Curved beams, Experimental investigation, Natural frequencies, modes
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF A CAR USING ANSYSIAEME Publication
In this paper, ANSYS CFX method is used to simulate a single car model with and without a spoiler and by using two types of mesh. The solution of the Reynolds average Navier Stokes equations (RANS equations) has been achieved by using two models such as K-Epsilon and K –Omega Turbulence model will be analysed. In this report, mesh quality, boundary layer and turbulent y+ value simulation has been thoroughly analysed and solution for both the models has also been compared and discussed the results. We use the ANSYS software to determine the drag and lift forces at different turbulence kinetic energy variables k-Epsilon and K-Omega for the given vehicle domain. Further, the effects of aerodynamic are verified with and without the spoiler.
A coordinate measuring machine is a device used to precisely measure the geometry of physical objects using probes attached to three orthogonal axes. It works by probing points on an object placed on the machine table and mapping their x, y, z coordinates, which are then uploaded to computer software for analysis and quality inspection. Common components include a main structure with three motion axes, a probing system, and a data collection system with controller and software.
The document discusses coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). CMMs are electromechanical systems used for coordinate metrology that can convert physical measurements into electrical signals. A basic CMM consists of a probe head and probe to contact workpiece surfaces, a mechanical structure that provides motion in three axes, and displacement transducers to measure coordinate values. Modern CMMs also include a drive system and control unit to move each axis. CMMs can precisely measure complex profiles with high sensitivity and speed and are classified based on their mechanical structure.
The structural analysis is an important tool that allows the research for weight reduction, the choose of the best materials and to satisfy specifications and requirements. In an aircraft’s design, several analyzes are made to prove that this aircraft will stand the set of maneuvers that it was designed to accomplish. This work will consider the preliminar project of an aircraft seeking to check the behavior of the wing under certain loading conditions in the flight envelope.To get to this load set, it has been done all the process of specification of an aircraft, such as mission definition, calculation of weight and c.g. envelope, definition of the geometric characteristics of the aircraft, the airfoil choice, preliminary performance equations, aerodynamic coefficients and the aircraft’s balancing for the equilibrium condition, but such things will not be considered in this article. For the structural analysis of the wing will be considered an arbitrary flight condition, disregarding the effect of gusts loads. With the acquisition of the items mentioned, the main forces acting on the wing structure and their equations will be calculated. The use of finite element method will enable the application of loads obtained just as the development of a method of calculation, along with the construction of a three-dimensional model that represents a chosen condition. The results will be discussed in order to explain the influence of the applied loads in the structural behavior of the wing principal structure.
STATIC ANALYSIS OF A 6 - AXIS INDUSTRIAL ROBOT USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSISIAEME Publication
The present work aims to find out the Deformation, Stresses, Shear Elastic Strainand Strain Energy at different points of an industrial robot to determine it’s the safetyfactor by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Six axis industrial robots are generally
used in industries for various production works such as pick and place and fordifferent operations. So it needs to be properly designed. The model of robot isestablished using the ANSYS software and finite element analysis is done. Different
values of typical gripper loads are applied, and values at different conditions arecompared to find out the weak parts, so further design improvement can be done.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural analysis using the moment-area method. It discusses two theorems by Mohr that form the basis of this method. Theorem 1 relates the angle between tangents on the elastic curve of a beam to the area under the bending moment diagram. Theorem 2 relates the vertical deviation of tangents to the moment of the area under the bending moment diagram. The document defines key terms like slope, deflection, and elastic curve. It also outlines the basic procedure for using the moment-area method to determine slope and displacement of beams.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document discusses different control methods for vehicle lateral control, including classical control theory, modern control theory, fuzzy logic, sliding mode control, and neural networks. It develops a 2DOF bicycle model of a vehicle and uses pole placement control to design a lateral controller. Simulation results show the vehicle can track a reference input but with large overshoots in yaw rate and velocity. An improved controller is designed with slower response but smaller state variable fluctuations. Future work involves implementing the controller with an observer and designing longitudinal control.
Effect of Discrete Yaw Direction Setting for 4 Roter Helicopter Control: Comp...AM Publications
In this paper, the effectiveness of discrete yaw direction setting in 4 rotor helicopter control was evaluated by simple computer simulation and Parrot AR. Drone 4 rotor helicopter in horizontal plane automatic position fixing control. For 4 rotor system, it is necessary to control the attitude of the drone and the position in the space simultaneously in order to realize stable flight of the system. The attitude control can be realized by the internal acc / gyro sensors with high sampling rate (near 1 kHz), on the contrary, the position control in the outdoor situation is necessary to realize by the external 3D position measurement method with relatively low sampling rate techniques (lower than 100 Hz) such as GPS. The low sampling rate reduces the positional control stability, and it is causing the control problem such applications of inspection work at high height and long distance. Our attempt is to evaluate the effect of adding discrete yaw direction setting while normal 4 rotor helicopter roll and pitch control in horizontal plane movement by a simple computer simulation and model implementation. By adding the discrete yaw direction setting to the target direction, the fixed position movement control performance of the 4 rotor system could increase comparing with without the yaw direction setting of the 4 rotor system. The proposed method would be useful to improve the 4 rotor system control performance under the relatively low sampling rate positional information acquired situation.
T-TECTO 3.0 is an integrated software program for structural analysis of fault-slip data. It enables paleostress and kinematic analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous fault-slip data using the Gauss method. Version 3.0 provides additional functions for detailed analysis including determination of maximum/minimum horizontal stresses and extensions, analysis of relative vertical deformations, optimization of parameters, and visualization of multiple slip mechanisms. The software allows analysis of fault-slip data, earthquake focal mechanisms, fractures, and other structures under stress.
Design and Linear Static Analysis of Transport Aircraft Vertical Tail for Dif...IJSRD
This document summarizes the design and linear static analysis of the vertical tail structure of a transport aircraft for different rudder deflection angles. The vertical tail and rudder structure was modeled in CATIA and analyzed in MSC Patran and NASTRAN. Stresses were calculated for rudder deflections of 10, 20, and 30 degrees. The maximum principal stress was found to be well below the yield strength of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy used, indicating the design is safe. Validation using a reserve factor approach also confirmed stresses are within acceptable limits for the expected loads on the vertical tail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Three Coordinates manipulator ...IJRES Journal
The paper studied the static and dynamic characteristics of the three coordinates manipulator which
was used in reliability test system for low voltage electrical apparatus. The deformation cloud diagram and
stress cloud diagram were obtained by using the finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench to carry out
the static analysis, and the result showed that the mechanism satisfied the rigidity and the intensity request. The
modal analysis of the mechanism which got the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the
first 8 order and compared the resonance frequency of the actual work environment was carried out. The random
vibration analysis of the mechanism wad carried out on the basis of modal analysis, which got the acceleration
response in the direction of x、y、z and the equivalent stress cloud diagram of the mechanism. According to the
results of analysis, the vibration control of the body should be applied to reduce the random vibration response
value.
Design Optimization of Front Suspension System of a Heavy Truck using Finite ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to optimize the design of a heavy truck's front suspension system. The original suspension system was modeled in CATIA and imported into HyperMesh for meshing. A harmonic analysis found the system was dynamically stable without resonance. Design optimization was then performed to minimize weight while satisfying structural requirements, resulting in a 45% weight reduction. Von Mises stress and deflection from static, dynamic, and optimized designs were all within allowable limits, confirming the safety of the optimized suspension system under expected loads.
This paper presents a novel six degrees of freedom mechanism to integrate conical article with the cylindrical article which are large and heavy. The six desired motions include six linear motions and six rational motions. The linear motions are vertical, longitudinal and lateral. The vertical motion is achieved by toggle jack, longitudinal by wheel and rail assembly and the lateral motion is achieved by cross slides. The three rotational motions namely pitch, yaw and roll are achieved by simultaneous movement of toggle jacks, simultaneous movement of cross slides and rollers respectively. It is designed in such a way that it sustains the weight of the heavy articles and also prevents slipping and toppling of the conical article. This approach helps to satisfy and fulfil the goal of aligning the main article flange to the conical article flange for further bolting. The mechanism is designed keeping in mind factors like ergonomics and aesthetics.
Simplified approach to consider cracking effect on the behavior of laterally ...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0410015
Laterally loaded pile is a famous case of soil-structure interaction problem which was intensively studied by many researchers before. The techniques used to predict the behavior of laterally loaded piles were developed with increasing of the available computational capabilities from closed mathematical formulas to finite differences technique and finally linear finite elements technique. Recently, very sophisticated 3D elasto-plastic non-linear finite element models were used to accurately predict that behavior. Unfortunately, those sophisticated models are too complicated to be used in practical design. Hence, the aim of this research is to introduce a much simpler and practical approach to predict the behavior of the laterally loaded concrete piles considering the nonlinear effect of concrete cracking. Special calculating tool based on finite elements is developed to carry out a parametric study of the behavior of a set of 24 piles with different aspect ratios, reinforcement ratios, relative stiffness and head constrains. The validity of the calculating tool is checked against case history field tests. The results of the parametric study show three different failure modes according to the flexibility of the pile. Comparing the results with the formulas of ECP (202/4) shows the matching in the ultimate lateral capacity, while the ultimate lateral deformations are about (127 to 132%) of the code prediction.
Design and Analysis of the Robot PedestalIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and analysis of a robot pedestal using finite element analysis software ANSYS.
2) A CAD model of the robot pedestal was created in ANSYS and loads and boundary conditions were applied representing the forces and moments expected during operation.
3) A modal analysis was performed to determine the first six natural frequencies and mode shapes. The maximum equivalent stress and total deformation under load were also found to verify the design is safe and stable.
Modeling and Simulation of Nonlinear Friction in XY AC Servo Table Thuan Truongvan
This document summarizes a study that models and simulates nonlinear friction in an XY servo table. The study proposes a new partition friction model that separately models static friction and dynamic friction. Static friction is modeled using a Kelvin chain model that represents the friction surface as a viscoelastic material. Dynamic friction is modeled using a LuGre model. Parameters for the models are estimated from experiments. Simulations show the new partition model provides better tracking accuracy compared to using just a static Stribeck model, particularly around velocity reversals, by better reflecting static friction characteristics.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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1. The document presents a finite element analysis of the yoke component of a medium duty automobile. A 3D model of the yoke is created in Pro-Engineer software and analyzed in ANSYS.
2. The yoke model is analyzed with varying thicknesses between 12mm to 24mm. The results show that stress and deformation decrease with increasing thickness, with an optimal thickness between 12mm to 18mm.
3. An 18mm thickness design is selected for testing based on the FEA results. The analysis found the highest stress to be 1.331512 N/m2, confirming the safety of the 18mm design.
Strength Analysis and Optimization Design about the key parts of the RobotIJRES Journal
Study on structure optimization design about Flip Arms of Mobile Robot. First conducted
preliminary structural design, and established finite element analysis model by HYPERMESH, use ANSYS
software to study Flip Arms Stress distribution and structure optimization. Strength check to ensure the strength
and stiffness of Flip Arms meet safety requirements, and make sure the reliability of the design, to provide a
theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of Flip Arms. Optimization design considering the
weighted compliance as the object function, the frame was improved by modifying the parameters which are
most sensitive to the character of the frame structure. The results showed that structural optimization design
without affecting the reliability of Flip Arms, reducing the quality of the parts improved and the Flip Arms
flexible mobility, to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of robot.
Analysis of mechanical structure under vibration using vibrationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study analyzing the vibration of mechanical structures. The researchers developed an experimental setup consisting of a mechanical vibrator, vibration transmission mechanism, and mechanical structure. They fabricated the system based on AutoCAD drawings and measured vibration using potentiometers. The setup simulated real vibrating structures and recorded linear displacement of sensors to indicate different vibration modes. Finite element modeling in ABAQUS was also used to simulate and compare the vibrating system's behavior. The goal was to develop a system that could monitor a structure's vibration at different excitation frequencies.
Pick and place task is one among the most important tasks in industrial field handled by “Selective
Compliance Assembly Robot Arm” (SCARA). Repeatability with high-speed movement in horizontal plane is
remarkable feature of this type of manipulator. The challenge of design SCARA is the difficulty of achieving
stability of high-speed movement with long length of links. Shorter links arm can move more stable. This
condition made the links should be considered restrict then followed by restriction of operation area
(workspace). In this research, authors demonstrated on expanding SCARA robot’s workspace in horizontal area
via linear sliding actuator that embedded to base link of the robot arm. With one additional prismatic joint the
previous robot manipulator with 3 degree of freedom (3-DOF), 2 revolute joints and 1 prismatic joint is become
4-DOF PRRP manipulator. This designation increased workspace of robot from 0.5698m2 performed by the
previous arm (without linear actuator) to 1.1281m2 by the propose arm (with linear actuator). The increasing
rate was about 97.97% of workspace with the same links length. The result of experimentation also indicated
that the operation time spent to reach object position was also reduced.
Contact is the principal method of applying loads between deformable solids,and therefore is present in a wide variety of mechanical components. In addition,contacts usually act as stress concentrations,and are thus probable locations for mechanical failure. Some of the most typical mechanical failures involving contact include:fretting,fretting fatigue,wear,fret ting wear and false brinelling. The contact of UIC - 60 and IRS - T12 rail - wheel has been analyzed by hand calculations to determine contact stresses. A three dimen sional finite element model of both type of rail - wheel contact is developed in ANSYS to compare to the typical hand - calculated s tresses. A vertical force is applied railway wheel & simulates the effects frictional surfaces. The results of the finite element model analysis contained herein are compared to hand calculations. Based on these results,a finite element analysis should be used if a greater level of detail is required for the analysis of the rail - wheel contact.
Optimum participation of beams and columns in lateral resistance of steel mom...Alexander Decker
This document discusses optimizing the participation of beams and columns in providing lateral resistance in steel moment frames. It presents research on five steel moment frames with varying numbers of stories and bays. The frames were modeled in ETABS2000 software and subjected to earthquake loads. The research aims to determine the optimum ratio of story drift to maximum allowable drift, based on the ratio of beam and column flexural stiffness. It found that increasing the flexural stiffness of columns, while keeping beam stiffness constant, reduced lateral displacement and brought story drift within allowable limits. Controlling the ratio of beam and column stiffness provides a way to optimize lateral frame resistance and displacement.
IRJET- Hormonic and Vibranium Analysis for a Silo Surface Cleaning RobotIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed robot designed to clean the interior surfaces of large silos. It would use two platforms connected by linear bearings that can move vertically relative to each other. Each platform would have three telescopic arms capable of extending up to 2.4 meters. The robot would be suspended from the top of the silo by a cable so it can rotate and move up and down. Finite element analysis would be conducted to analyze stresses and vibrations on the robot under different loads using different materials. The robot aims to fully cover the silo interior through a combination of vertical movement, rotation, and extension/retraction of its arms.
IRJET- Seismic Time History Performance of Conventional Multi-Outriggers with...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the seismic performance of different configurations of outrigger systems in high-rise buildings using time history analysis. Five 35-story building models were analyzed: 1) bare frame, 2) two outriggers, 3) two outriggers with belt truss, 4) three outriggers, and 5) two outriggers with mega columns. The models were subjected to time history analyses using earthquake records. Results showed that using multiple outriggers and mega columns reduced top story displacements, inter-story drifts, and building period compared to the bare frame model, with two outriggers with mega columns performing the best. Outriggers significantly reduced drift at outrigger levels,
Compliant mechanisms and its application in roboticsTanvi Verma
This document discusses compliant mechanisms. It defines compliant mechanisms as flexible mechanisms that transfer force or motion through elastic body deformation without joints or linkages. The document outlines the advantages of compliant mechanisms over rigid body mechanisms and describes common design techniques like pseudo-rigid body modeling and topology optimization. It provides examples of compliant mechanism applications and concludes with references on the topic.
This document discusses modal analysis of rotating structures using active magnetic bearings. It begins by introducing modal analysis and its importance for analyzing high-speed rotating machinery. It then describes the experimental setup which uses active magnetic bearings to both levitate and excite a test rotor. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are identified for the free-free rotor both with and without bearing stiffness. Introducing bearing stiffness is found to increase natural frequencies and introduce additional modes. The document concludes by explaining how the active magnetic bearings can be used to artificially excite the rotor to measure its frequency response functions and identify its dynamic characteristics.
Wear Analysis on Cylindrical Cam with Flexible RodIJRES Journal
Firstly, the kinetic equation of spatial cylindrical cam with flexible rod has been established. Then, an
accurate cylindrical cam mechanism model has been established based on the spatial modeling software
Solidworks. The dynamic effect of flexible rod on mechanical system was studied in detail based on the
mechanical system dynamics analytical software Adams, and Archard wear model is used to predict the wear of
the cam. We used Ansys to create finite element model of the cam link, extracted the first five order mode to
export into Adams. The simulation results show that the dynamic characteristics of spatial cylindrical cam
mechanical system with flexible rod is closed to ideal mechanism. During the cam rotate one cycle, the collision
in the linkage with a clearance occurs in some special location, others still keep a continuous contact, and the
prediction of wear loss is smaller than rigid body.
Modeling and simulation of four bar planar mechanisms using adamsIAEME Publication
This document discusses the modeling and simulation of four-bar planar mechanisms using ADAMS software. It begins with an abstract describing four-bar linkages and modeling them in ADAMS. It then reviews relevant literature on modeling multibody systems and closed kinematic chains. Mathematical models of displacement, velocity and acceleration are developed. The modeling process in ADAMS is described, including defining geometry, joints and motions. Simulation results like angular position, speed and acceleration graphs are presented. It concludes ADAMS provides reliable results by considering link properties and eliminates errors from other methods.
Similar to DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF SILO SURFACE CLEANING ROBOT USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
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2. Dynamical Analysis of Silo Surface Cleaning Robot Using Finite Element Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 191 editor@iaeme.com
The dynamic analysis of a mechanical structure consists of three steps: defining
the analytical model (continuous or lumped-mass model), deriving the mathematical
model by applying the physical laws, and solving the equations of motion to have the
dynamical response [1]. Many dynamics problems cannot be solved by lumped
parameter models as a more accurate modelling of the distributed elastic behaviour of
the structure is needed. Structures with complex geometry, material properties or
boundary conditions, are modelled using numerical methods that provide approximate
but acceptable solutions. The finite element modelling (FEM) is one of the most
powerful and popular mathematical modelling techniques.
In a previous work [2], a concept of a suspended robot for surface cleaning in silos
(SIRO) was presented (Fig.1). The suggested design appears to be a reasonable
compromise between the basic contradicting factors, small entrance and large surface
of the confined space. It contains:
Cleaning robot with two platforms - in retracted form on Fig.1(a) and in opened form
on Fig.1(b). Each platform consists of central body and three telescopic arms;
support unit consisting of: control unit for all functions of the system; lifting arm for
positioning the cleaning robot at the silo central axis and spools unit contains spool of
steel cables with respective driving motors used for robot suspension and motion;
Cleaning tools attached to the centre of the platform which rotate around the platform
centre, i.e. around the silo vertical axis.
Figure 1The proposed SIRO cleaning robot inside a silo
In operation, the cleaning tool removes the build up materials from the inside silo
surface by blowing a pressurised air on a stripe while rotating around the silo vertical
axis, and the robot fully covers the inner surface of the silo through successive
crawling movements of its two platforms. During these two essential process
(cleaning and crawling), the system is subjected to different types of loads, hence a
dynamic analysis for system is required to predict its response.
(a) The initial pose (b) The working pose
3. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 192 editor@iaeme.com
The main purpose of this study is to calculate the dynamic characteristic of the
robot i.e. the natural frequency and the mode shapes by using modal analysis method.
The dynamic characteristics are computed by the finite element analysis software
(ANSYS). The information provided by modal analysis is used to understand the
behaviour of the structure under general excitation. Thus verifying whether or not the
robot will successfully overcome resonance, fatigue, and other harmful effects of
forced vibrations.[3, 4].
The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the finite element model of
SIRO. Then, in Section 3 the static structure analysis is presented. Section 4 discusses
the dynamic analysis of SIRO through applying the most common types of analyses:
modal, harmonic frequency response, and transient dynamic analysis. Finally section
5 provides some conclusions of this work.
2. FEM OF ROBOT STRUCTURE
The three-dimensional solid model assembly of the robot with silo and silo roof in
opened form was built in CAD software and imported to ANSYS Workbench by
direct interface ( figure 2). the robot consists of cable, two platforms with three arms
for each, three linear shafts installed between the two platforms, and the cleaning tool
with the end effector. The cable is modelled as a set of bonded segments (25
segments) where the first segment is fixed to the silo dome and the last one is fixed to
the top platform.
Figure 2 The system model in Ansys environment, the silo is hidden
After the model is imported, the type of material is assigned for each part. Three
materials are defined for the model: the silo and its roof are concrete, the cable and
the three linear shafts are steel and the platforms with the arms are aluminium alloy.
the material proprieties are well defined in the ANSYS.
ANSYS Workbench automatically recognizes the contacts existing between each
part. The contact conditions for corresponding contact surfaces and the joints between
parts are defined. Frictionless contact type was chosen as contact condition for contact
surfaces between the arms and the platforms’ shoulders. The contact surfaces arms-
silo have friction contact type with friction coefficient value of 0.6. The rest of contact
surfaces have a completely bonded contact type. Rotation joints are defined between
the arms and the platforms.
The model is meshed automatically with suitable meshing elements, the default
element size is determined based on a number of factors including the overall model
size, the proximity of other topologies, body curvature, and the complexity of the
feature. The model parts are meshed using higher order 3D solid elements; SOLID186
4. Dynamical Analysis of Silo Surface Cleaning Robot Using Finite Element Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 193 editor@iaeme.com
defined by 20 nodes and SOLID187 defined by 10 nodes. Both elements have
quadratic displacement behaviour, and have three degrees of freedom per node:
translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions. SOLID187 is well suited to modelling
irregular meshes such as those produced from various CAD/CAM systems [5]. The 25
segments of the cable and the three linear shafts are meshed with SOLID186, where
they have a regular shape, while the other parts meshed with SOLID187.
For modelling the contact surfaces, CONTA174 and TARGE170 elements were
used. CONTA174 element was located on the surfaces of 3- D solid elements
SOLID186 and SOLID187. TARGE170 is used to represent various 3-D “target”
surfaces for the associated contact element CONTA174, which has the same
geometric characteristics as the solid or shell element face with which it is connected.
Contact occurs when the element surface penetrates one of the target segment
elements (TARGE170) on a specified target surface. Coulomb friction, and shear
stress friction are allowed. A contact sizing meshing is applied on the contact surfaces
arms-silo to refine the calculation [5].
The model will be analysed statically and dynamically when the arms have
friction/frictionless contact with the silo. The friction contacts are occurred by the
internal forces (Finternal) that are applied through the telescopic arms. While in the
absence of these forces the contacts arms-silo will be frictionless.
3. STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A static structural analysis determines the displacements, stresses, strains, and forces
in structures or components caused by loads. The loads consist of boundary
conditions as well as internally and externally applied forces. The gravity force (B in
the figure 2) and the fixed support , silo and its roof, (A in the figure 2) are defined in
all simulation tests.
The simulations are done for two different loads, with/without Finternal (C-F in the
figure2). Figure 3(a) shows the pressure on the contact surfaces when Finternal are
applied, the maximum pressure is noticed on arms-silo contact surfaces. Thus
adequate friction forces arise on the contact surfaces arms-silo and achieve an
appropriate stability to the system. While in figure 3(b), where there is no Finternal, the
pressure on these surfaces is almost zero.
Figure 3 Pressure on contact surfaces when there are a) internal forces. b) no internal forces
(a)
Maximum pressure on the contact surface
arms-silo (b) Maximum pressure on the contact
surface arm platform
5. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 194 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 4 The total deformation when there are a) internal forces. b) no internal forces
Therefore comparing the deformation of the robot with(fig 4(a)) / without (fig
4(b)) the effect of applying the internal forces shows that in the first situation the
telescopic arms of the robot bend on the level of the second segments of the arms
indicating that the arms have fix points on silo surface. While in the second situation
the arms have the maximum deflection at the distal end of the arm which indicate that
the arms have a free end. The maximum deformation of the robot with/without
internal forces is placed on the distal ends of the cleaning tool and it is in the range of
16 mm, which is an acceptable deformation regarding to the length of the cleaning
tools (3.5m for each arm).
The equivalent Von Mises stress analysis of the system (fig. 5) shows that the
maximum stress (with Finternal ) is located on the contact surface arms-silo ( 58 MPa ).
It is less than the yield point value of the arm material. In the other case (without
Finternal) the maximum value of stress is at the connection arm-platform and it is in the
safety range too (22 MPa). So the design is statically safe.
Figure 5 The equivalent stress (Von Mises) when there are a) internal forces. b) no internal
forces
(a) With internal force (b) No internal force
(a) The arms deformation are at the middle
of the arms
(b) The arms deformation are at end of the
arms
6. Dynamical Analysis of Silo Surface Cleaning Robot Using Finite Element Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 195 editor@iaeme.com
4. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
The dynamic analysis attempts to solve the motion equations (1) of every node point
in the structure, which are determined in matrix form as
(1)
where, [M] represents the structural mass, the nodal acceleration vector, [C]
the structural damping matrix, the node velocity vector, [K] the structure stiffness
matrix, {X} the node displacement vector and {F} is the applied time varying force
vector. This equation is a set of differential equations for the dynamic response of a
structure modelled with a finite number of degrees of freedom. Finite element
analysis as a computer modelling approach has provided engineers with a flexible
design tool, especially when dynamic properties need to be perused. The following
categories of dynamic analysis may be classified [6]:
Modal analysis: This is the first step required before performing any other type of
dynamic analysis and will determine the dynamic characteristics of a system in terms
of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. One objective of this
analysis is to make sure that the structure is not operating at a frequency close to one
of its natural frequencies. With respect to the mode shapes, it is desirable to avoid
mode shapes that are similar to deformation patterns obtained from the static loading
on the structure.
Frequency response analysis: This type of analysis is performed if the loading on
the structure is harmonic or periodic. The displacements, velocities, and accelerations
are the output of such analysis. Assuming linear conditions, the response to multiple
frequency inputs may be simply summed up using the superposition technique.
Transient response analysis: This type of analysis is performed if the loading on
the structure is classified as transient or shock. The output of transient analysis is time
histories of displacements, velocities, and accelerations of the system that may be
used to calculate forces and stresses.
4.1. Modal analysis
The concept of modal analysis is that the natural modes of vibration express the
vibration response of a linear time-invariant dynamic system. The natural modes of
vibration are determined by the physical properties ( mass, stiffness, damping) and the
boundary conditions of the dynamic system. Each mode is expressed in terms of its
modal parameters: natural frequency, modal damping factor and mode shape [7].
The natural frequencies of the system may be obtained by solving the eigenvalue
problem which derives from the general equation (1) by zeroing the damping and
applied force terms:
(2)
where the eigenvalue is w2, and {A} is the eigenvector associated with each value
of w2. The total number of eigenvalues or natural frequencies is equal to the total
number of degrees of freedom in the model. Since each of the eigenvectors cannot be
null vectors, the equation which must be solved, let λ = w2, is
([K] − λ[M]) = {0} (3)
Necessary and sufficient condition for the equation (3) to have non-zero solution
is that determinant of ([K] − λ [M]) is zero.
7. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 196 editor@iaeme.com
By modal analysis techniques, a large and complex system can be divided into
several subsystems which can be independently analysed, thus the dynamic
characteristics of the overall system can be determined from the subsystem
information, and the design of a complex system can be carried out by designing and
developing its subsystems separately [7]. Our system can be decomposed to three
subsystems: two platforms with cables and the cleaning tool. In this paper, only the
dynamic analysis of the platform with the cable is studied.
Two modal analysis are studied to the platform with cable: first when the arms of
the platform have fixed supports (the internal forces through the arms produce friction
force in the contact surface arms-silo). The second when the arms have free ends (the
complete model has no internal forces through the arms). In the two studies the free
end of the cable is supposed fix support.
Table 1 compare the first thirty natural frequencies fw of the system with internal
forces and those fwout when there are no forces. It is clearly noticed that there are
difference in the natural frequencies. There is only one identical frequency (58.103
Hz), and the mode shapes (Fig.6) corresponding this frequency show an oscillation to
the cable in both when the arms are free and fixed.
Table 1 The first thirty natural frequency of the system with/without internal forces through
the telescopic arms
mode fwout Hz fw Hz mode fwout Hz fw Hz mode fwout Hz fw Hz
1 0.18686 10.229 11 22.224 49.294 21 64.225 105.31
2 0.38422 10.246 12 22.312 51.398 22 67.221 112.29
3 0.38429 11.128 13 24.603 51.64 23 67.488 112.38
4 1.4572 11.138 14 29.723 58.103 24 73.525 113.8
5 1.4604 11.766 15 29.736 58.127 25 81.202 141.13
6 10.074 22.137 16 31.665 60.3 26 81.427 141.15
7 10.1 22.179 17 36.804 64.922 27 95.986 146.07
8 10.105 22.403 18 36.865 65.001 28 96.028 146.14
9 10.914 29.622 19 58.078 95.831 29 102.58 163.51
10 10.919 29.636 20 58.103 95.873 30 123.13 168.41
Figure 6 Mode shape of identical natural frequency of the platform; free arms (left), fixed
arms (right)
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Figure 7 Mode shape of the first natural frequency for the platform; free arms (left), fixed
arms ( right )
Figure 7 shows the mode shape of the model at the first natural frequency when
the distal ends of arms are free and fixed. The first mode with free arms shows a
rotation to the platform on the axis Z. While when the arms have fixed ends, there is a
torsion of the platform and two arms around the axis of the third arm.
Figures 8and 9 present different mode shapes of the platform when the distal ends
of arms are free and fixed respectively. Mode 27 (free arms)and mode 19 (fixed arms)
have the same behaviour due to having almost the same natural frequencies.
Figure 8 Mode shape of different natural frequencies for the platform (free arms)
9. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
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Figure 9 Mode shape of different natural frequencies for the platform (fixed arms)
4.2 Harmonic frequency response
Frequency response analysis (FR) is a method used to compute the steady state
response of a structure to an oscillation excitation. Harmonic excitation are very
common source of external force applied to structures. In addition, the Fourier
theorem indicates that many non-harmonic forcing functions can be expressed as an
infinite series of harmonic terms. By using the principle of superposition, the total
response is represented as the sum of the response to the individual terms. The forcing
function can be defined as:
{F} = {F0}eiwt
(4)
where F0 is the peak force amplitude and w is the harmonic frequency.
The nodal displacement therefore has the form
{X} = {X0}eiwt
(5)
Substituting (5) in the general equations of motion (1) results in
(6)
which shows that the displacement,{X0} is a function of frequency, damping and
force amplitudes. Solving this equation (6) over a discrete range of frequency inputs
determines the vibration frequency response.
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Figure 10 Frequency response of the platform
Figures 10,11 and 12 present the frequency response of the platform , the second
segment of the arm and the distal end of the arm respectively, when the arms are fixed
and free. The harmonic force is applied on the platform in Z direction where the
frequency range is between 0 to 200 Hz and the the peak force amplitude F0 = 1000N.
From the previous figures we can notice that the model start responding when f =
10Hz for free arms and 22.5Hz for fixed arms. Also it is noticed that when the arms
have fixed ends the dominant frequency is 163.5Hz, while it is 73.5Hz when the arms
have free ends.
Figure 11 Frequency response of the second segment of the arm
11. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
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Figure 12 Frequency response of the distal end of the arm
From this analysis, we can conclude that the frequency of the harmonic excitation
should be less than 10 Hz to not have any significant response of the platform. In
another words, the rotation of the cleaning tool should not be bigger than 600 rpm.
4.3. Transient response
This type of analysis is used to determine the time-varying displacements, strains and
stresses in a structure as it responds to a transient load. There are two basic
approaches to transient analysis. The first involves solving the systems of equations
by direct integration which involves the whole systems of equations and requires
many time steps with a complete solution in each step. This can become a large
computing task for moderate sized problems. The second approach is known as modal
superposition which assumes that the response of the structure can be adequately
represented by the lower natural frequencies of the structure. The complete response
therefore, is the summation of the correct fractions of the low frequency mode shapes.
Mathematically, this involves a transformation of the equation from nodal
displacement co-ordinates into a set of modal co-ordinates. This results in much fewer
equations, but results in an approximate solution being obtained. However, this has
proven to be sufficiently adequate for most structural vibration problems [6]. The
transient load is modelled as transient force applied on the platform in the Z direction.
This force represents the effect of the acceleration of the second platform when it
starts the crawling movement and before it becomes uniform motion along the linear
shafts between the two platforms. The force F is applied on the platform in 0.002
second at the moment 0.02; the maximum value 10000 N is reached after 0.001
second.
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Figure 13 Stress transient response of 2nd arm’s segment when applying shock force in the Z
direction
Figures 13 and 14 show the stress and deformation of the second segment of the
arm on the Z direction respectively, when the arms have free / fixed ends. Von Mises
stresses obtained from finite element analyses are utilized in fatigue life calculations.
All fatigue analyses are performed according to infinite life criteria (i.e., N = 109
cycles). Comparing the safety factor of the second segment of the arm in static (Sfactor
= 15) and dynamic analysis (Sfactor = 9.7) indicates that the arm predicted to be safe
against fatigue under static and dynamic loadings.
Figure 14 Deformation transient response of 2nd arm’s segment when applying shock force
in the Z direction
5. CONCLUSION
The aim of this study was to determine the static and dynamic finite element analysis
of SIRO by using ANSYS. The static structural analysis is implemented to SIRO with
silo model in two different boundary conditions: first when there is a friction contact
on the contact surface arms-silo, thus the arms are considered having fixed contact
with silo, second when there is no friction contact therefore the arms have free ends.
The dynamic analysis is conducted by applying modal analysis, harmonic frequency
response and transient response. Depending on the properties of modal analysis, the
dynamic analysis in this study is implemented on the subsystem of SIRO, which
consists of platform, three arms and cable. Using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
from the modal analysis, a harmonic response and a transient response to the
subsystem is carried out indicating that the subsystem is safe under the dynamic
loading.
13. Kinan. Dandan, Anani. Ananiev, Ivan. Kalaykov
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Future work: The limitations of the FEM approach lie in the increasing model size
required to properly describe complex structures with appropriate detail (models with
over 1 million degrees of freedom are used today in the car and aircraft industry). This
leads to higher model construction and calculation times, but even more important,
there remain inherent modelling accuracy limitations, related to the modelling of
structural junctions, non-homogeneous elements, complex materials etc. [8] To
address these limitations, an experimental approach to modal analysis must developed
yielding results which can be used either as a model by itself, or to validate and
improve the FE models.
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robot concept,” in Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2013 IEEE
International Conference on, pp. 657–661, 2013.
[3] J. He and Z.-F. Fu, “Overview of modal analysis,” Modal Analysis, pp. 1 – 11,
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[5] ANSYS, “12.0,” ANSYS Theory Reference, 2009.
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[8] H. Van der Auweraer, Structural dynamics modeling using modal analysis:
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