This document discusses eco-friendly dyeing processes and eco-labeling. It defines what makes a product eco-friendly, including limiting harmful chemicals and minimizing pollution. The government of India has banned certain dyes and chemicals containing amines. Requirements for eco-friendly textiles include the absence of banned chemicals and heavy metals, and low levels of formaldehyde. The document then discusses how to make various textile production processes like scouring, bleaching, dyeing and finishing more environmentally friendly, for example by using enzymes. It also covers eco-labeling schemes in India to identify environmentally friendly textile products for consumers.

1. BY
K.CHANDRAN, TECH:SUPDT:[P],
IIHTKANNUR.
Eco friendly dyeing process and
eco- labeling

2. The meaning of ecofriendlyness?
The objects of
1.limiting the use of harmful products in textiles
2.minimising pollution in air, water, and land
during production and usage of textiles……..
For effecting this objectives govt: of india through
an extraordinary gazette notification dated 26-3-97
has banned certain dyes and chemicals containing
21 amines in india…….and afterwards this
discussion started.

3. Requirements for ecofriendlyness
Absence of banned amines or amine releasing
agents in textiles.
Very low levels of [such as below 30ppm] of
formaldehyde in different uses in textiles.
Absence of chlorinated compounds.
Extremely low levels of heavy metals such as
mercury,cadmium,copper,nickel,cobalt,arsenic,lea
d, chromium etc:

4. banned dyes &chemicals includes
Class of dyesClass of dyes availabilityavailability bannedbanned
Acid dyesAcid dyes 880 nos880 nos 72 nos72 nos
Naphthol dyesNaphthol dyes 40 nos40 nos 13 nos13 nos
Direct dyesDirect dyes 440 nos440 nos 239 nos239 nos
Disperse dyesDisperse dyes 550 nos550 nos 39 nos39 nos
Basic dyesBasic dyes 250 nos250 nos 23 nos23 nos
OxidationcolorsOxidationcolors 3 nos3 nos 3 nos3 nos

5. List of chemicals
Chlorinated compounds
Formaldehyde
Sodium sulphide
Penta chlorophenol[pcp]
Dibutyl phthalate
Tributyl phosphate
Nonyphenol ethoxylate
Dichloro toluene
Trichloro benzene
DDT, ALDRIN,DIALDRIN,ENDRIN ETC:

6. What is to be done for ecofriendlyness
Examine Our process sequance ….?
Scouring
Bleaching
Dyeing
Drying
Winding
Warping
Weaving
Finishing
Conversion to madeups or readymades
packing

7. scouring
This is the process of removing chemical
impurities from the raw material-the yarn
Conventionally we do it with boiling yarn using
caustic soda+soda ash+soap oil[or any detergent]
in vomitting kiers.
This increases BOD,COD levels of effluent water
If enzyme scouring is used this problem can be
avoided.protease,pectinase,lipase etc: are
examples.
Scourenz SBWB is such a product from rossari

8. bleaching
Normally we do it with bleaching powder-that is
calcium hypochlorite- is a redlisted chemicals
Better solution is to use hydrogen peroxide method
in bleaching.
In absence of neutralisation sometimes it gives
patchy shades in subsequant dyeing
It increases TDS level of effluent water also.
So may be incorporate a neutralisation process
using an enzyme peroxide killer-for example the
ULTROX EPN 50 of rossari.

9. dyeing
Eventhough many dye classes such as direct,basic,
naphthols,sulphur etc are available in industry we
are using only the most ecofriendly dyes of vat &
reactive dyes in our textiles.
So basically on dyeing process we are not having
problems related with finished products
But what about the effluents coming out?

10. Reactive dyes
 Have a tendancy to hydrolyse during dyeing and as a result it bleeds in
subsequant washings.
 It produces water insoluble colour producing compounds in drainouts
thereby aggrevating the effluent problems
 Enzymes like laccases,ligninperoxidases,manganeseperoxidases etc:
has a property to destroy colour producing compounds
 and so if such enzymes are used in washing off reactive dyed materials
under 55-60 C temp: it will improve fastness as well as leaves rinse bath
clear .
 Alongwith prescribed effluent treatment plant will ensure
ecofriendlyness.

11. sizing
Sizing process is carried out here only very small
quantity because of our product range and its
limitations.
In our conventional sizing only biodegradable
materials are used.
But if the dothy and saree warps are sourced from
outside it should ensure not to use PCP in size
mixture which is added as a preservative.

12. Finishing
Normally it is outsourced. printing, softening,
wrinkle free, fire retardancy, anti-microbial,
stainguard and such finishes are done.
Most red listed chemicals are to be used in this
sector.
Care should be taken to ensure to use safe
chemicals.
Enzymatic treatments are available in most cases
such as biopolishing, print washing and other
finishings.

13. packing
Plastic materials are on the rise in consumer
packaging. It should be avoided as far as possible.
Many alternative packaging materials are available
having biodegradables and to minimise
plastics.alternate production strategies are also to be
adopted such as conversion of inhouse waste into
packages as done by m/s aysha hosiery.

14. Eco labels
Eco labels are used to guarantee to consumer an
ecofriendly product and to distinguish the
product from normal product in a positive way.
It also refers to a products collective overall
environmental performance in the lifecycle of
that product.
It also ensures that the manufacturing process of
that product has been made environment
friendly.

15. Reasons for ecology concerns for textile industry
1.various demands from consumer origin organizations
regarding environmental issues.
2. growing influences of environmental organizations in
consumers mindset driven by environmental issues.
3.growth in market share achieved by ecofriendly
products.
4.initiative taken by some research institutions in
addressing health and environment issues faced by
people.
5.initiative taken by governments in developed nations
in adopting environmental protection policy.

16. Eco-labelling in India
A voluntary scheme of labeling environmentally
friendly products has been introduced by ministry of
environment & forests , govt: of India and the bureau
of Indian standards.
The ECOMARK scheme covers products which are
manufactured , used, or disposed of in an
environmentally way.
Criteria for labeling textiles as environmentally
friendly products have been specified in gazette
notification no . 157,may 4th
, 1996.

17. Major criteria for eco-labeling
Levels of pH.
Low permissible levels of formaldehyde.
Restriction on use of certain pesticides.
Extremely low levels of some heavy metals.
Prohibition on pentachlorophenol [PCP].
Absence of chlorinated , aliphatic/aromatic
compounds.
Absence of azo dyes which can liberate any one of
the 21 banned arylamines listed by German govt:

18. Types of eco labels
There are two types of ecolabeling demands from
consumers point of view.
1. ecological and biological textiles [that is fully
natural textiles].
2. ecologically optimized textile products [green
products].

19. Eco labels for textiles

20. Eco labels

21. Eco labels

22. Thank you and
Let us thrive for the best in attaining ecofriendlyness
in our industry and get the “ ECOMARK”.