DUODENAL ATRESIA.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•268 views
A pediatric surgery topic -duodenal atresia Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Pyogenic liver abscess
Pyogenic liver abscess; introduction, clinical features, investigation and management along with some special cases .
Approach to Ano Rectal Malformations - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
This document discusses anorectal malformations (ARMs), which occur in approximately 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 births. ARMs can be low or high lesions depending on whether the rectum has descended through the sphincter complex. Surgical techniques for repair include primary repair for perineal/vestibular fistulas or staged repair for more complex cases involving diverting colostomy, definitive reconstruction, and later colostomy closure. Outcomes depend on the extent and nature of the anomaly as well as surgical expertise, with risks including urinary/fecal incontinence. Thorough evaluation and thoughtful surgical care are important to determine the future of children born with ARMs.
Appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen. It involves inflammation and infection of the appendix. The appendix arises from the cecum in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms of shifting abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, and localized tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Treatment involves appendectomy to remove the infected appendix.
AAST grading - Bowel/Intestinal Injury
The Americal Association for the Surgery of Trauma - guidelines for intestinal injury- grading and a brief description of duodenal injury and few Most common Questions
Hydronephrosis and Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis:
Introduction
Causes
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
Surgical complications of Gastrectomy
This document summarizes surgical complications of gastrectomy. It describes intra-operative complications such as hemorrhage, ischemia, and injuries to organs. Post-operative complications are categorized as immediate (within 30 days), early (within 6 months), or late (after 6 months). Immediate complications include respiratory issues, infections, and thrombosis. Early complications involve anastomotic hemorrhage, leaks, and obstructions. Late complications consist of strictures, ulcers, fistulas, post-gastrectomy syndrome, and small stomach syndrome. The document provides details on causes, symptoms, and management of several common complications.
Introduction of intestinal obstruction Pallavi Shekhar Medical College kolkata
The document discusses intestinal obstruction, defining it as a lack of intestinal transit. It is classified in several ways: dynamically as intraluminal, intramural, or extramural; depending on the site as proximal small bowel, distal small bowel, or large bowel; congenitally or acquired; and by pathological changes as simple, strangulated, or closed loop obstruction. A pie chart shows that adhesions are the most common underlying cause of intestinal obstruction at 40%, followed by obstructed hernias at 15% and carcinoma at 15%.
Recommended
Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Pyogenic liver abscess
Pyogenic liver abscess; introduction, clinical features, investigation and management along with some special cases .
Approach to Ano Rectal Malformations - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
This document discusses anorectal malformations (ARMs), which occur in approximately 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 births. ARMs can be low or high lesions depending on whether the rectum has descended through the sphincter complex. Surgical techniques for repair include primary repair for perineal/vestibular fistulas or staged repair for more complex cases involving diverting colostomy, definitive reconstruction, and later colostomy closure. Outcomes depend on the extent and nature of the anomaly as well as surgical expertise, with risks including urinary/fecal incontinence. Thorough evaluation and thoughtful surgical care are important to determine the future of children born with ARMs.
Appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen. It involves inflammation and infection of the appendix. The appendix arises from the cecum in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms of shifting abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, and localized tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Treatment involves appendectomy to remove the infected appendix.
AAST grading - Bowel/Intestinal Injury
The Americal Association for the Surgery of Trauma - guidelines for intestinal injury- grading and a brief description of duodenal injury and few Most common Questions
Hydronephrosis and Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis:
Introduction
Causes
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
Surgical complications of Gastrectomy
This document summarizes surgical complications of gastrectomy. It describes intra-operative complications such as hemorrhage, ischemia, and injuries to organs. Post-operative complications are categorized as immediate (within 30 days), early (within 6 months), or late (after 6 months). Immediate complications include respiratory issues, infections, and thrombosis. Early complications involve anastomotic hemorrhage, leaks, and obstructions. Late complications consist of strictures, ulcers, fistulas, post-gastrectomy syndrome, and small stomach syndrome. The document provides details on causes, symptoms, and management of several common complications.
Introduction of intestinal obstruction Pallavi Shekhar Medical College kolkata
The document discusses intestinal obstruction, defining it as a lack of intestinal transit. It is classified in several ways: dynamically as intraluminal, intramural, or extramural; depending on the site as proximal small bowel, distal small bowel, or large bowel; congenitally or acquired; and by pathological changes as simple, strangulated, or closed loop obstruction. A pie chart shows that adhesions are the most common underlying cause of intestinal obstruction at 40%, followed by obstructed hernias at 15% and carcinoma at 15%.
Choledochal cyst
1. Choledochal cysts are abnormal dilations of the bile ducts that are more common in Asia and women.
2. They are classified into 5 types based on location and extent of dilation.
3. Presentation varies from jaundice and abdominal mass in children to pain and cholangitis in older patients.
4. Investigation involves ultrasound, CT, MRCP and cholangiography to determine type and rule out complications.
5. Treatment is complete excision of the cysts and biliary tree with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, except for type III which can be managed endoscopically.
Pancreatic pseudocyst
This document summarizes information about pancreatic pseudocysts. It defines pancreatic pseudocysts as fluid collections contained by fibrous tissue that develop more than 4 weeks after acute or chronic pancreatitis. It describes the typical location, composition, and pathophysiology of pseudocysts. It also outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, natural history, potential complications, and treatment options for pancreatic pseudocysts, including percutaneous drainage, endoscopic drainage, and surgical drainage. The preferred intervention is typically endoscopic drainage given its less invasive nature, though surgery may be necessary for complicated or failed non-surgical cases.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document describes gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its causes, symptoms, examinations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. GOO is caused by any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of undigested food, early satiety, and weight loss. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging like x-rays and endoscopy, and gastric function tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve resuscitation, antisecretory drugs, endoscopic procedures, or surgery like vagotomy with pyloroplasty or gastric resection. Post-operative complications can include bleeding, strictures, dumping syndrome, and duodenal blowout.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another. It occurs more commonly in children between 6 months and 2 years of age and is often caused by viral gastroenteritis leading to mucosal edema and lymphoid hyperplasia. In adults, intussusception usually has an identifiable anatomical lead point such as a tumor, polyp, ulcer, or Meckel's diverticulum. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Diagnosis can be made using imaging studies like ultrasound, X-ray, or barium enema which may show signs like a target or meniscus.
Meconium ileus Simple
Meconium ileus is a neonatal intestinal obstruction caused by thickened meconium within the bowel lumen. It occurs in approximately 20% of cystic fibrosis patients and risk factors include a family history of cystic fibrosis or meconium ileus, as well as low birth weight. Thickened meconium leads to obstruction in the bowel, dilation of the proximal ileum, and narrowing of the distal intestine. Symptoms include failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Treatment options include non-operative hyperosmolar enemas to break down the thickened meconium or operative resection with enterostomy or primary anastomosis for complicated cases.
Volvulus in git
The document discusses different types of intestinal volvulus including gastric, small bowel, large bowel, and combinations. Gastric volvulus is classified as organoaxial or mesenteroaxial depending on the axis of rotation. Small bowel volvulus often occurs due to midgut malrotation. Large bowel volvulus commonly affects the cecum or sigmoid colon. Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type of large bowel volvulus and presents as an inverted U-shape on imaging. Cecal volvulus results from torsion of the cecum around its own mesentery.
Intestinal obstruction in children
Intestinal obstruction in children can have several causes including duodenal hematoma from blunt trauma or bleeding disorders, duplication cysts appearing as cystic masses on imaging, and Meckel's diverticulum which can cause bleeding or intussusception. Appendicitis presents with abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant. Henoch-Schonlein purpura causes small bowel vasculitis and presents with abdominal pain and rash. Imaging can identify thickened bowel loops, free fluid, and inflamed lymph nodes in appendicitis or bowel wall thickening in other causes of obstruction. Intussusception is a common cause in infants appearing as a soft tissue mass on x-ray or concentric rings on
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses intestinal atresia and obstruction. It begins by defining the two types of intestinal obstruction - simple and strangulating. It then covers the pathophysiology, causes including congenital lesions, clinical presentation depending on location and severity of obstruction, investigations including imaging and labs, and management including initial stabilization, surgery, and specific approaches for different types of atresia like duodenal and jejunal/ileal atresia. It also discusses related conditions like meconium ileus. The document provides detailed information on evaluating and treating neonatal intestinal obstruction.
Colorectal polyp
This document defines and classifies colorectal polyps. It discusses that polyps can be benign or malignant, and classified by shape (pedunculated or sessile) or histology (epithelial or mesenchymal). Malignant polyps have characteristics like large size (>1cm), villous or tubulovillous histology, high grade dysplasia, or multiple polyps which increase cancer risk. The Haggitt criteria classify cancer invasion in polyps from Level 0 (in situ) to Level 4 (invading submucosa below stalk). Surveillance colonoscopy intervals depend on polyp characteristics, ranging from 1-5 years. Polypectomy can treat early cancers but resection
Surgical Jaundice
This document outlines a seminar on gall bladder and biliary pathologies. It begins with an overview of gall bladder anatomy and functions. It then discusses common pathologies like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and sclerosing cholangitis. Congenital abnormalities like biliary atresia and choledochal cyst are described. Finally, it covers tumors of the bile duct, distinguishing between benign and malignant types.
Management of Appendicular Lump
This document discusses the management of appendicular lumps. It notes that appendicular lumps are inflammatory tumors consisting of the inflamed appendix and surrounding tissues. Treatment options include emergency surgery, conservative management followed by interval surgery, or totally conservative management without interval surgery. Conservative treatment is associated with a risk of missing hidden pathologies. Emergency surgery carries a high risk of complications while interval surgery risks appendicular abscess or perforation during the waiting period. Randomized controlled trials have found that conservative treatment without interval surgery appears to be the best approach for appendicular masses and abscesses. The document examines factors to consider in decision making and presents cases studies from a tertiary care center.
duodenal atresia
This document provides an overview of duodenal atresia, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, and differential diagnosis. Duodenal atresia is a congenital absence or closure of part of the duodenum due to defective fusion during development. It commonly presents after birth with vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal distension. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging findings like the "double bubble" sign on x-ray. Surgical management involves bypassing the blocked portion of duodenum through procedures like duodenoduodenostomy. Complications can include anastomotic issues or problems from associated anomalies.
Posterior urethral valves
Posterior urethral valves are obstructing membranes in the urethra of baby boys that can cause bladder outlet obstruction. They are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in newborns. Initial management involves bladder drainage, antibiotics, and monitoring for metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities. Definitive treatment is endoscopic ablation of the valves to relieve obstruction, with vesicostomy being an alternative approach. Long-term risks include renal insufficiency, hypertension, and salt-losing nephropathy. Prognosis depends on factors like initial renal function and presence of reflux.
Damage control surgery
Damage control surgery (DCS) is an approach used for severely injured trauma patients that focuses on rapidly addressing life-threatening issues like hemorrhage rather than fully repairing anatomy. It aims to prevent the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy that can result from long operations and blood loss. Key aspects of DCS include temporary measures like packing bleeding liver injuries; stapling but not repairing some intestinal injuries; leaving unrepaired vascular injuries clamped; and rapidly closing the abdomen with clips rather than drains to allow reoperation once the patient is stabilized. The goal is definitive repair within 24 hours once the patient's physiology is corrected.
Malrotation of gut
This document discusses intestinal malrotation, beginning with a definition and incidence. It describes the normal stages of intestinal rotation during embryonic development and defines different types of rotational disorders including nonrotation, incomplete rotation, and reverse rotation. Clinical presentations are outlined for acute midgut volvulus, chronic midgut volvulus, acute duodenal obstruction, and internal hernia. Radiologic findings that help diagnose malrotation are presented. Treatment involves reducing the risk of volvulus recurrence through the Ladd's procedure. Post-operative care and potential complications are also summarized.
testicular tumors
This document provides information about testicular cancers, including:
- Testicular cancer accounts for 1% of cancers in males and is highly curable when detected early, often affecting young men.
- The testis has blood supply from the testicular artery and drains into the pampiniform plexus and internal spermatic veins. Lymphatic drainage is to retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
- The majority (95%) are germ cell tumors, including seminomas and non-seminomas. Staging involves tumor markers, imaging scans, and lymph node dissection. Treatment depends on the type and stage but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Gastric volvulus and other types of volvulus
Bhori Singh, a 45-year-old male, presented with abdominal pain, distension and inability to pass flatus or stool for the past few days. Examination and investigations revealed acute intestinal obstruction likely due to gastric volvulus or perforation peritonitis. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy with gastropexy where gastric volvulus was found and repaired by suturing the stomach to the abdominal wall. Post-operatively, he recovered well and was discharged on the 8th day. Gastric volvulus is the twisting of the stomach and can be acute or chronic. Treatment involves endoscopic or surgical reduction and fixation of the stomach to prevent recurrence.
GIST
The document discusses gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs most commonly occur in the stomach and small intestine. Over 85% of GISTs have activating mutations in the KIT gene. Surgery is the primary treatment for localized GISTs, while targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib is used for advanced or metastatic GISTs. Prognosis depends on factors like tumor size, mitotic rate, and mutation status, with smaller, lower grade GISTs having a better prognosis. Lifelong follow-up is important due to the risk of recurrence even after complete resection.
Gastric outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of chronic peptic ulcer disease where the stomach fails to empty normally due to scarring or swelling at the pylorus. It presents with vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Treatment involves resuscitation followed by either non-operative measures like lavage and dilation or surgery to relieve the obstruction through procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The goals are to restore gastric emptying, prevent recurrence, and manage complications.
Small Intestine TB (Tuberculosis)
This document discusses tuberculosis of the small intestine, focusing on the ileocecal region as the most common site of infection. It describes the clinical presentation, investigations, and management of intestinal TB. Key points include: intestinal TB most often presents with abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever; diagnosis involves imaging, ascitic fluid analysis, and biopsy; treatment is usually antibiotic therapy but surgery may be needed for complications like obstruction or perforation.
Intestinal atresia and meconium ileus
This document discusses intestinal atresias and meconium ileus. It begins by describing duodenal atresia and stenosis, including historical aspects, incidence, embryology, theories of development, classification, and associated anomalies. It then covers clinical features, diagnosis including imaging studies, and management including surgical techniques like duodenoduodenostomy. Post-operative care and long-term complications are also summarized. The document concludes with a brief section on jejunoileal atresia.
Duodenal atresia stenosis PRANAYA PPT
Duodenal, atresia, stenosis, PRANAYA, PPT, duodenal web, windsock, web, obstruction, double bubble, bilious, vomiting,
More Related Content
What's hot
Choledochal cyst
1. Choledochal cysts are abnormal dilations of the bile ducts that are more common in Asia and women.
2. They are classified into 5 types based on location and extent of dilation.
3. Presentation varies from jaundice and abdominal mass in children to pain and cholangitis in older patients.
4. Investigation involves ultrasound, CT, MRCP and cholangiography to determine type and rule out complications.
5. Treatment is complete excision of the cysts and biliary tree with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, except for type III which can be managed endoscopically.
Pancreatic pseudocyst
This document summarizes information about pancreatic pseudocysts. It defines pancreatic pseudocysts as fluid collections contained by fibrous tissue that develop more than 4 weeks after acute or chronic pancreatitis. It describes the typical location, composition, and pathophysiology of pseudocysts. It also outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, natural history, potential complications, and treatment options for pancreatic pseudocysts, including percutaneous drainage, endoscopic drainage, and surgical drainage. The preferred intervention is typically endoscopic drainage given its less invasive nature, though surgery may be necessary for complicated or failed non-surgical cases.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document describes gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its causes, symptoms, examinations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. GOO is caused by any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of undigested food, early satiety, and weight loss. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging like x-rays and endoscopy, and gastric function tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve resuscitation, antisecretory drugs, endoscopic procedures, or surgery like vagotomy with pyloroplasty or gastric resection. Post-operative complications can include bleeding, strictures, dumping syndrome, and duodenal blowout.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another. It occurs more commonly in children between 6 months and 2 years of age and is often caused by viral gastroenteritis leading to mucosal edema and lymphoid hyperplasia. In adults, intussusception usually has an identifiable anatomical lead point such as a tumor, polyp, ulcer, or Meckel's diverticulum. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Diagnosis can be made using imaging studies like ultrasound, X-ray, or barium enema which may show signs like a target or meniscus.
Meconium ileus Simple
Meconium ileus is a neonatal intestinal obstruction caused by thickened meconium within the bowel lumen. It occurs in approximately 20% of cystic fibrosis patients and risk factors include a family history of cystic fibrosis or meconium ileus, as well as low birth weight. Thickened meconium leads to obstruction in the bowel, dilation of the proximal ileum, and narrowing of the distal intestine. Symptoms include failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Treatment options include non-operative hyperosmolar enemas to break down the thickened meconium or operative resection with enterostomy or primary anastomosis for complicated cases.
Volvulus in git
The document discusses different types of intestinal volvulus including gastric, small bowel, large bowel, and combinations. Gastric volvulus is classified as organoaxial or mesenteroaxial depending on the axis of rotation. Small bowel volvulus often occurs due to midgut malrotation. Large bowel volvulus commonly affects the cecum or sigmoid colon. Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type of large bowel volvulus and presents as an inverted U-shape on imaging. Cecal volvulus results from torsion of the cecum around its own mesentery.
Intestinal obstruction in children
Intestinal obstruction in children can have several causes including duodenal hematoma from blunt trauma or bleeding disorders, duplication cysts appearing as cystic masses on imaging, and Meckel's diverticulum which can cause bleeding or intussusception. Appendicitis presents with abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant. Henoch-Schonlein purpura causes small bowel vasculitis and presents with abdominal pain and rash. Imaging can identify thickened bowel loops, free fluid, and inflamed lymph nodes in appendicitis or bowel wall thickening in other causes of obstruction. Intussusception is a common cause in infants appearing as a soft tissue mass on x-ray or concentric rings on
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses intestinal atresia and obstruction. It begins by defining the two types of intestinal obstruction - simple and strangulating. It then covers the pathophysiology, causes including congenital lesions, clinical presentation depending on location and severity of obstruction, investigations including imaging and labs, and management including initial stabilization, surgery, and specific approaches for different types of atresia like duodenal and jejunal/ileal atresia. It also discusses related conditions like meconium ileus. The document provides detailed information on evaluating and treating neonatal intestinal obstruction.
Colorectal polyp
This document defines and classifies colorectal polyps. It discusses that polyps can be benign or malignant, and classified by shape (pedunculated or sessile) or histology (epithelial or mesenchymal). Malignant polyps have characteristics like large size (>1cm), villous or tubulovillous histology, high grade dysplasia, or multiple polyps which increase cancer risk. The Haggitt criteria classify cancer invasion in polyps from Level 0 (in situ) to Level 4 (invading submucosa below stalk). Surveillance colonoscopy intervals depend on polyp characteristics, ranging from 1-5 years. Polypectomy can treat early cancers but resection
Surgical Jaundice
This document outlines a seminar on gall bladder and biliary pathologies. It begins with an overview of gall bladder anatomy and functions. It then discusses common pathologies like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and sclerosing cholangitis. Congenital abnormalities like biliary atresia and choledochal cyst are described. Finally, it covers tumors of the bile duct, distinguishing between benign and malignant types.
Management of Appendicular Lump
This document discusses the management of appendicular lumps. It notes that appendicular lumps are inflammatory tumors consisting of the inflamed appendix and surrounding tissues. Treatment options include emergency surgery, conservative management followed by interval surgery, or totally conservative management without interval surgery. Conservative treatment is associated with a risk of missing hidden pathologies. Emergency surgery carries a high risk of complications while interval surgery risks appendicular abscess or perforation during the waiting period. Randomized controlled trials have found that conservative treatment without interval surgery appears to be the best approach for appendicular masses and abscesses. The document examines factors to consider in decision making and presents cases studies from a tertiary care center.
duodenal atresia
This document provides an overview of duodenal atresia, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, and differential diagnosis. Duodenal atresia is a congenital absence or closure of part of the duodenum due to defective fusion during development. It commonly presents after birth with vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal distension. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging findings like the "double bubble" sign on x-ray. Surgical management involves bypassing the blocked portion of duodenum through procedures like duodenoduodenostomy. Complications can include anastomotic issues or problems from associated anomalies.
Posterior urethral valves
Posterior urethral valves are obstructing membranes in the urethra of baby boys that can cause bladder outlet obstruction. They are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in newborns. Initial management involves bladder drainage, antibiotics, and monitoring for metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities. Definitive treatment is endoscopic ablation of the valves to relieve obstruction, with vesicostomy being an alternative approach. Long-term risks include renal insufficiency, hypertension, and salt-losing nephropathy. Prognosis depends on factors like initial renal function and presence of reflux.
Damage control surgery
Damage control surgery (DCS) is an approach used for severely injured trauma patients that focuses on rapidly addressing life-threatening issues like hemorrhage rather than fully repairing anatomy. It aims to prevent the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy that can result from long operations and blood loss. Key aspects of DCS include temporary measures like packing bleeding liver injuries; stapling but not repairing some intestinal injuries; leaving unrepaired vascular injuries clamped; and rapidly closing the abdomen with clips rather than drains to allow reoperation once the patient is stabilized. The goal is definitive repair within 24 hours once the patient's physiology is corrected.
Malrotation of gut
This document discusses intestinal malrotation, beginning with a definition and incidence. It describes the normal stages of intestinal rotation during embryonic development and defines different types of rotational disorders including nonrotation, incomplete rotation, and reverse rotation. Clinical presentations are outlined for acute midgut volvulus, chronic midgut volvulus, acute duodenal obstruction, and internal hernia. Radiologic findings that help diagnose malrotation are presented. Treatment involves reducing the risk of volvulus recurrence through the Ladd's procedure. Post-operative care and potential complications are also summarized.
testicular tumors
This document provides information about testicular cancers, including:
- Testicular cancer accounts for 1% of cancers in males and is highly curable when detected early, often affecting young men.
- The testis has blood supply from the testicular artery and drains into the pampiniform plexus and internal spermatic veins. Lymphatic drainage is to retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
- The majority (95%) are germ cell tumors, including seminomas and non-seminomas. Staging involves tumor markers, imaging scans, and lymph node dissection. Treatment depends on the type and stage but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Gastric volvulus and other types of volvulus
Bhori Singh, a 45-year-old male, presented with abdominal pain, distension and inability to pass flatus or stool for the past few days. Examination and investigations revealed acute intestinal obstruction likely due to gastric volvulus or perforation peritonitis. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy with gastropexy where gastric volvulus was found and repaired by suturing the stomach to the abdominal wall. Post-operatively, he recovered well and was discharged on the 8th day. Gastric volvulus is the twisting of the stomach and can be acute or chronic. Treatment involves endoscopic or surgical reduction and fixation of the stomach to prevent recurrence.
GIST
The document discusses gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs most commonly occur in the stomach and small intestine. Over 85% of GISTs have activating mutations in the KIT gene. Surgery is the primary treatment for localized GISTs, while targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib is used for advanced or metastatic GISTs. Prognosis depends on factors like tumor size, mitotic rate, and mutation status, with smaller, lower grade GISTs having a better prognosis. Lifelong follow-up is important due to the risk of recurrence even after complete resection.
Gastric outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of chronic peptic ulcer disease where the stomach fails to empty normally due to scarring or swelling at the pylorus. It presents with vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Treatment involves resuscitation followed by either non-operative measures like lavage and dilation or surgery to relieve the obstruction through procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The goals are to restore gastric emptying, prevent recurrence, and manage complications.
Small Intestine TB (Tuberculosis)
This document discusses tuberculosis of the small intestine, focusing on the ileocecal region as the most common site of infection. It describes the clinical presentation, investigations, and management of intestinal TB. Key points include: intestinal TB most often presents with abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever; diagnosis involves imaging, ascitic fluid analysis, and biopsy; treatment is usually antibiotic therapy but surgery may be needed for complications like obstruction or perforation.
What's hot (20)
Similar to DUODENAL ATRESIA.pptx
Intestinal atresia and meconium ileus
This document discusses intestinal atresias and meconium ileus. It begins by describing duodenal atresia and stenosis, including historical aspects, incidence, embryology, theories of development, classification, and associated anomalies. It then covers clinical features, diagnosis including imaging studies, and management including surgical techniques like duodenoduodenostomy. Post-operative care and long-term complications are also summarized. The document concludes with a brief section on jejunoileal atresia.
Duodenal atresia stenosis PRANAYA PPT
Duodenal, atresia, stenosis, PRANAYA, PPT, duodenal web, windsock, web, obstruction, double bubble, bilious, vomiting,
Duodenal atresia
Duodenal atresia is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates, occurring in about 1 in 5,000-10,000 live births. It results from a failure of recanalization of the fetal duodenum, leading to a complete obstruction. Clinically, it presents with bilious vomiting within the first few hours of life. Diagnosis involves finding the classic "double bubble" sign on abdominal x-ray. Surgical treatment involves reconstructing bowel continuity, usually via a diamond-shaped duodenoduodenostomy. With proper management, over 95% of patients will recover successfully from duodenal atresia.
Pancreatic tumors.pptx
The document discusses various types of pancreatic tumors including benign and malignant exocrine tumors as well as endocrine tumors. It provides details on:
- The embryology, anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply and functions of the pancreas.
- Classification systems for benign exocrine tumors such as serous cystic neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
- Signs, investigations and management of insulinomas, which are the most common pancreatic endocrine tumors causing hypoglycemia.
Surgical emergencies in newborn
This document summarizes several common surgical disorders that can occur in newborns, including fetal surgical disorders like polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios, as well as postnatal disorders involving the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Key conditions discussed include esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, diaphragmatic hernia, anorectal malformations, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Diagnostic approaches and management strategies are provided for each condition.
Etiopathogenesis, Evaluation & Management of Posterior Urethral Valve
This document discusses posterior urethral valves (PUV), including their etiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. PUV are congenital obstructions of the posterior urethra that commonly cause urinary outflow obstruction in boys. Type I valves are the most common. Initial management involves bladder drainage and antibiotics. Surgical valve ablation is usually curative, but long-term sequelae like renal disease are significant due to the primitive tissue injury caused by the obstruction.
POSTERIOP URETHERAL (1).ppt
This document discusses posterior urethral valves (PUV), which is the most common cause of urinary outflow obstruction in boys. PUV occurs in about 1 in 5000-8000 male births. It discusses the anatomy, embryology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prognostic factors of PUV. The pathophysiology of PUV universally injures the urinary tract and can cause renal dysplasia, loss of renal function, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, and bladder dysfunction. Diagnosis is typically made prenatally by ultrasound or postnatally by voiding cystourethrogram. Prognosis depends on factors like age at correction,
Posterior urethral valves- Pediatric Surgery
POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES- Pediatric Surgery
• Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
• Today I have uploaded one more video in Pediatric Surgery/Pediatric Urology- “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• Posterior Urethral Valves is the congenital cause for Bladder Outlet Obstruction, resulting in abnormal development of the kidneys as well as the bladder.
• In this video, I talked about the learning outcomes, introduction, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis of “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• I hope you will enjoy the video for its educational value.
• You can watch all my teaching videos in the following links
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the video.
DrHarrison-GALLSTONE-DISEASE-Presentation-06-2016-2.pptx
This document discusses gallstone disease and provides definitions and details regarding epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It covers conditions such as cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Complications are outlined including acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Diagnostic tools such as ultrasound and MRCP are mentioned. Management depends on the condition but may involve antibiotics, drainage procedures, ERCP, or cholecystectomy.
Emergency Assessment and managment of ACUTE ABDOMEN.ppt
Emergency Assessment and managment of ACUTE ABDOMEN
hydronephrosis.pptx
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to partial or intermittent obstruction of urine flow. It is usually caused by blockages or reflux in the urinary tract. Common causes in children include vesicoureteral reflux, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and posterior urethral valves. Diagnosis involves renal ultrasound and tests to assess kidney function. Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause, ranging from observation to surgery to correct blockages or reflux. Complications can include urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and renal failure if not properly treated.
posterior urethral valve.. ahmed oshiba
This document discusses posterior urethral valves, a congenital abnormality affecting male newborns. It presents in about 1 in 5000 live male births and causes obstructive uropathy. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to renal failure and can include urinary retention, infection, distension. Antenatal diagnosis is now common using ultrasonography showing keyhole sign and hydronephrosis. Initial management involves catheterization and antibiotics with endoscopic valve ablation usually within days of birth. Long term risks include bladder dysfunction, reflux, hypertension and end stage renal disease in approximately 25% of cases. Close follow up is needed to monitor renal function and treat complications.
Obstructive uropathy in neonates
This document discusses obstructive uropathy in neonates. It presents a case of a preterm baby with bilateral hydronephrosis and a thick bladder wall. Key points discussed include the causes, presentations, investigations, and management of obstructive uropathy. Posterior urethral valves and ureteropelvic junction obstruction are examined in more detail. Vesicoureteric reflux is also summarized. The document emphasizes relieving obstruction, treating infection, and sorting the primary cause in managing obstructive uropathy.
Rectal Prolapse-1 (2).pptx
Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of rectal tissue through the anus. It can be partial thickness, involving the mucosa and submucosa, or full thickness, involving all rectal wall layers. Risk factors include advanced age, multiparity, constipation, and weakened pelvic floor muscles. Diagnosis involves visualizing the protruding tissue and evaluating for other conditions. Treatment depends on the thickness of prolapse and may involve manual repositioning, excision, or abdominal or perineal surgery like rectopexy or resection to fix the rectum. Complications of surgery can include damage to nearby structures, recurrence, infection, and new or worsened bowel issues.
Intestinal pathologies in pediatrics surgery
This document discusses various intestinal pathologies that may be seen in paediatric surgical patients. It covers conditions affecting the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, pyloric stenosis, intestinal atresia, necrotizing enterocolitis, Meckel's diverticulum, intussusception, Hirschsprung's disease, constipation, and rectal prolapse. For each condition, it discusses presentation, investigations, management principles, and surgical approaches where relevant. The key is recognizing these pathologies early to guide resuscitation and treatment.
Complications of ipaa
This document summarizes common complications that can occur after total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Small bowel obstruction, pelvic abscesses, leaking pouches, and vaginal fistulas are some early complications. Late complications include pouchitis, anal strictures, difficult evacuation, and sexual dysfunction. The document also discusses approaches for managing complications, including antibiotic treatment for pouchitis, dilatation for strictures, and salvage surgeries for major issues like non-healing leaks. Overall success rates for revision surgeries are around 70-80% in specialized centers.
Vesicoureteric reflux by dr emmanuel, godwin
Vesicoureteric reflux , a common condition in children which could be misdiagnosed . Early diagnosis can help prevent renal scarring and other complications
PUJ obstruction.pptx
PUJ obstruction is a restriction of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the ureter. It can be congenital or acquired, with congenital being one of the most common causes of antenatal hydronephrosis. Diagnosis involves ultrasonography, VCUG, diuretic renography and other imaging modalities to determine severity and presence of associated issues. Treatment depends on severity but typically involves surgical intervention like open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty to resect and reanastomose the obstructed segment if drainage is significantly impaired or renal growth is poor. Postoperative follow up with imaging is important to monitor repair.
Gu anomaly for nursing school
This document discusses various genitourinary problems seen in pediatric patients. It covers obstructive uropathies like posterior urethral valves and UPJ obstruction. It also discusses genital anomalies such as bladder exstrophy, cloacal exstrophy, ambiguous genitalia, and hypospadias. Additionally, it provides details on cystic kidney diseases, renal tumors, horseshoe kidney and other ectopic kidney anomalies. Imaging approaches and treatment options are presented for many of these conditions.
Similar to DUODENAL ATRESIA.pptx (20)
Etiopathogenesis, Evaluation & Management of Posterior Urethral Valve
Etiopathogenesis, Evaluation & Management of Posterior Urethral Valve
DrHarrison-GALLSTONE-DISEASE-Presentation-06-2016-2.pptx
DrHarrison-GALLSTONE-DISEASE-Presentation-06-2016-2.pptx
Emergency Assessment and managment of ACUTE ABDOMEN.ppt
Emergency Assessment and managment of ACUTE ABDOMEN.ppt
Recently uploaded
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Recently uploaded (20)
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
DUODENAL ATRESIA.pptx
- 1. DUODENAL ATRESIA Dr AKSHAY JR Department of General surgery Mch calicut
- 2. INCIDENCE • 1 in 6000-10000 live births
- 3. Embryology • The endoderm-gut tube-3-4weeks • 6th week gut epithelium proliferates rapidly,resulting in obliteration of the intestinal lumen—recanalizes in next few weeks • Errors in recanalization –primary cause • This differs from other atresias- intrauterine vascular accidents during the later phases of gestation
- 4. Associated anomalies • Down syndrome 28% • Annular pancreas 23.1% • Congenital heart disease 22.6% • Malrotation 19.7% • EA/TEF 8.5 • Genitourinary 8.0 • Anorectal 4.4 • Other bowel atresia 3.5
- 5. Gray and Skandalakis Classification DA Type1(92%) Type2(1%) Type3(7%)
- 6. Type 1 • Continuity is maintained,may be normal on exterior,but obstructed by a intact membrane or diaphragm • Wind Sock deformity • May be totally intact obstructing the lumen completely • Traction on the membrane with a catheter may cause dimpling at the origin of diaphragm-helps find out where the membrane starts
- 7. Wind Sock deformity • A variant of type1 DA • Membrane is thin and elongated • Base of the membrane in D2 • Balloons out distally intp D3 /D4 • Thus externally the obstruction appears considerably more distal than it is actually
- 8. Type 2 • Continuity not maintained,but connected by a fibrous cord • Mesentery intact
- 9. Type 3 • No connection between the two blind ends of the duodenum • V-shaped mesenteric defect
- 10. Duodenal web • Perforate/imperforate wen/septa • Diameter of the opening directly determines the degree of obstruction and is therefore inversely related to symptoms
- 11. Site of obstruction • Commonest D1 and D2 -85% • Complete-81% • Incomplete-19% • Majority(75-95%) is seen distal to ampulla of vater-bilious emesis,minimal distension • May asscociated with extrinsic compression –annular pancreas,pre dudodenal portal vein
- 12. Clinical features Antenatally • Polyhydramnious -50% • Double bubble Postnatal • Bilious emesis from birth • May be blood stained • Epigastric distension,dehydration,emaciation • Downs facies
- 13. Delayed presentation • Recurrent vomiting • Fb/food bolus impaction • Failure to thrive
- 14. Diagnosis • A/N-USG-double bubble sign-due to fluid • P/N-Xray-Double bubble sign –due to air If inconclusive Inject 30-60ml air –repeat plain xray Or a Contrast study
- 15. Preoperative preperation • Ng tube decompression • Replace GI loses • PICC line • TPN-(gastroperasis due to chronic obstruction)
- 16. Surgery-technique • KIMURA’S diamond shaped DUODENO DUODENOSTOMY-Trans anastomotic fedding tube
- 17. • Webs are excised without injuring ampulla of vater • Other techniques • Tapering duodenoplasty+anastomosis • Duodenojejunostomy
- 18. Per operative • Rule out distal atresia-using 6fr foleys catheter • Rule out malrotation • Donot miss out wind sock deformity
- 19. Post operative complications • Prolonged gastroparesis-2-3 weeks to subside-use of prokinetic – erythromycin in suboptimal dose (10mg/kg/dose) • Anastomotic leak • Anastamotic stricture-endoscopic dilataion
- 20. Outcome • 45-95% survival • Outcome depends on associated major anamolies
- 21. Thank you