1. The document discusses the key concepts of house drainage systems including definitions of terms like sewage, sullage, and plumbing systems. It describes the principles of house drainage and classifications of traps and pipes.
2. Details are provided on sanitary fittings, common plumbing systems, testing drains and pipes, and maintenance of house drainage systems. Traps are defined and classified according to shape and use.
3. The document serves as a guide for understanding house drainage, from defining important terms to outlining principles, components, installation, and maintenance.
sanitation and its importance is explained along with drainage system , principles of drainage system , types of pipes , traps and their uses and sanitary fittings.
The document summarizes a hot water supply system report created by a group of students. It describes the centralized hot water system at Taylor's University which uses heat pumps and an electric storage water heater to heat cold water from cisterns. Issues addressed include maintenance procedures, potential problems like heat pump or pipe failures, and recommendations for future improvements such as adding solar water heating panels or a heat recovery system.
This document provides information on piping, fittings, and fixtures used in water supply systems. It discusses various types of pipes used such as galvanized iron, PVC, steel, copper pipes and their characteristics. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, unions, plugs and end caps. Valves used to regulate water flow such as gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves and check valves are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key components for building water supply systems.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
The document summarizes the key components of a residential plumbing system. It discusses the three principal parts: 1) water supply system, 2) water and waste removal system, and 3) plumbing fixtures. For the drainage system, it describes the soil stack, which carries waste from fixtures vertically, and how fixtures connect to the stack through branch mains. It emphasizes the importance of proper venting to allow airflow and prevent siphonage in traps. Cleanouts at the base of stacks are also required to clear debris from the system. Riser diagrams are used to clearly show how the plumbing system is installed.
The document discusses plumbing systems and components. It describes the purpose of plumbing as supplying water, heating, and sanitation in buildings. It then discusses various plumbing fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, and traps. It provides details on the components, materials, sizes, and classifications of different plumbing fixtures and pipes.
Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains, and fixtures installed in a building to distribute water and remove wastewater. It comprises pipes, fittings, valves, and fixtures for water supply and drainage. Common pipe materials include PVC, copper, cast iron, and galvanized steel. Key plumbing fittings include elbows, tees, crosses, caps, and reducers. Common plumbing fixtures are sinks, toilets, bathtubs, and showers. Proper installation and maintenance of plumbing systems is important for sanitation and preventing waste backups.
This document describes various sanitary fittings used in buildings for waste water collection and removal. It discusses ablution fittings like wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, and flushing cisterns. Soil fittings include urinals and water closets. Wash basins and sinks come in different materials and sizes and have features like overflow holes and waste holes. Bath tubs are made of materials like enamelled iron and come in standard dimensions. Flushing cisterns include bell and valve types. Water closets come in squatting, pedestal, and other styles. Traps in drainage systems include P, S, and Q traps used to prevent foul air passage and are classified as floor, gully, or intercepting
sanitation and its importance is explained along with drainage system , principles of drainage system , types of pipes , traps and their uses and sanitary fittings.
The document summarizes a hot water supply system report created by a group of students. It describes the centralized hot water system at Taylor's University which uses heat pumps and an electric storage water heater to heat cold water from cisterns. Issues addressed include maintenance procedures, potential problems like heat pump or pipe failures, and recommendations for future improvements such as adding solar water heating panels or a heat recovery system.
This document provides information on piping, fittings, and fixtures used in water supply systems. It discusses various types of pipes used such as galvanized iron, PVC, steel, copper pipes and their characteristics. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, unions, plugs and end caps. Valves used to regulate water flow such as gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves and check valves are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key components for building water supply systems.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
The document summarizes the key components of a residential plumbing system. It discusses the three principal parts: 1) water supply system, 2) water and waste removal system, and 3) plumbing fixtures. For the drainage system, it describes the soil stack, which carries waste from fixtures vertically, and how fixtures connect to the stack through branch mains. It emphasizes the importance of proper venting to allow airflow and prevent siphonage in traps. Cleanouts at the base of stacks are also required to clear debris from the system. Riser diagrams are used to clearly show how the plumbing system is installed.
The document discusses plumbing systems and components. It describes the purpose of plumbing as supplying water, heating, and sanitation in buildings. It then discusses various plumbing fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, and traps. It provides details on the components, materials, sizes, and classifications of different plumbing fixtures and pipes.
Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains, and fixtures installed in a building to distribute water and remove wastewater. It comprises pipes, fittings, valves, and fixtures for water supply and drainage. Common pipe materials include PVC, copper, cast iron, and galvanized steel. Key plumbing fittings include elbows, tees, crosses, caps, and reducers. Common plumbing fixtures are sinks, toilets, bathtubs, and showers. Proper installation and maintenance of plumbing systems is important for sanitation and preventing waste backups.
This document describes various sanitary fittings used in buildings for waste water collection and removal. It discusses ablution fittings like wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, and flushing cisterns. Soil fittings include urinals and water closets. Wash basins and sinks come in different materials and sizes and have features like overflow holes and waste holes. Bath tubs are made of materials like enamelled iron and come in standard dimensions. Flushing cisterns include bell and valve types. Water closets come in squatting, pedestal, and other styles. Traps in drainage systems include P, S, and Q traps used to prevent foul air passage and are classified as floor, gully, or intercepting
Plumbing works done in residential buildings involve installing pipes to supply fresh water and remove liquid and water-borne wastes. The key components include water supply pipes, fixtures and traps, soil and waste pipes, and storm drainage. Proper plumbing is important to provide water for uses like drinking, cooking, and bathing while safely removing waste. Common materials for pipes include galvanized iron, PVC, and CPVC. Overhead tanks store water on building roofs and come in cement/brick or ready-made styles. Solar water heaters and LPG gas pipes are also summarized.
The document discusses building drainage systems and traps. It explains that a building drainage system is the system of pipes that collects waste water from sanitary fixtures and discharges it to the public sewer via gravity. It also discusses general design principles for drainage systems, such as laying pipes along walls for maintenance and providing proper ventilation and slopes. The document then focuses on traps, explaining that traps hold water to prevent foul gases and vermin from entering rooms. It describes different types of traps used in drainage systems and their purposes.
This document discusses various types of plumbing fixtures and pipe fittings used in building services. It describes different types of taps including pillar cocks, self-closing taps, and swan neck taps. It also discusses common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings and unions. Different types of pipe joints are explained such as spigot and socket joints, flanged joints, expansion joints, flexible joints, and collar joints. Special joints for concrete and asbestos cement pipes are also covered.
This document discusses plumbing services for a building, including water supply and distribution systems. It covers the cold water system, direct and indirect supply systems, and hot water supply methods. The direct system supplies water directly from mains to fixtures, while the indirect system uses a storage cistern. Centralized hot water systems store and circulate hot water, while localized systems heat water at the point of use. Solar water heaters also utilize energy from the sun.
Water supply involves delivering water via pumps and pipes for public, commercial, or individual use. There are two main types of water systems: plumbing for inlet pipes and drainage for outlet pipes. Common pipe materials include metal, cement, and plastic. Fittings connect pipe sections and allow changes in direction and diameter. Common fittings include tees, elbows, couplings, reducers, bushings, and valves which regulate water flow. Drainage, waste, and vent systems use specific fittings designed for gravity-driven wastewater removal.
Planning and design of building services in multi Story Vj NiroSh
The document discusses water supply and distribution systems. It defines a water distribution system as a network of pipes that can distribute water supply to premises in an organized manner. It notes that factors to consider when planning water supply layouts include population growth, industrial development, and sources of water supply. The main sources of water supply are listed as surface sources like rivers and lakes, and underground sources like wells and springs. The document also discusses various types of pipes used in distribution systems, as well as fittings, valves, water heating methods, and hot water supply systems.
This document discusses sources of water, distribution systems, and plumbing. It covers:
- Surface and ground water sources like streams, lakes, rivers, and wells.
- Types of distribution systems including gravity, pumping, and dual systems. Gravity relies on elevation while pumping uses pumps. Dual uses both.
- Components of plumbing systems like pipes, fixtures, valves, and fittings. It also discusses cold water supply systems being either direct or indirect.
The lecture overview summarizes the water supply process from source to residential buildings. It discusses water sources like surface water and groundwater. It then explains the multi-step water treatment process including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and storage. It also discusses external and internal water distributions as well as direct and indirect water supply systems to residential buildings.
Water supply, sanitation and rainwater harvestingAyushi Agrawal
A water supply system typically includes a drainage basin, water collection point, water purification facilities, water storage facilities such as tanks or towers, pressurizing components such as pumps, and a pipe network for distribution. There are three main types of water distribution systems: direct pumping, overhead tank, and hydro-pneumatic. A direct pumping system uses tanks elevated to provide water pressure without additional pumps. An overhead tank system stores water in elevated tanks but may require booster pumps for upper floors. A hydro-pneumatic system uses pressure tanks instead of elevated water tanks.
This document provides information on estimating hot water demand for plumbing systems. It discusses factors that influence hot water usage and provides estimates of usage for different household activities. Standard fixture units are presented as a method to estimate total hot water demand based on the type and number of fixtures. Flow rates are then estimated based on the total fixture unit count using probability curves.
The document discusses plumbing systems for buildings. It describes that plumbing comprises pipes, tanks, fittings and other apparatus for water supply, heating and sanitation. The plumbing system includes a water supply system with distribution pipes, taps and valves. It also includes a drainage system with basins, toilets, traps and pipes. Water is collected and stored in tanks, then pumped to elevated storage tanks in buildings. Various pipe materials like copper, galvanized iron and polythene are used for supply lines. Valves like globe valves and gate valves are used to control water flow. Storage tanks are made of materials like steel, concrete or masonry and are situated on rooftops or at ground level to supply
This document discusses hot water supply systems for buildings, including materials, piping, and system designs for large buildings and high-rise buildings. It covers acceptable pipe materials like copper, polybutylene, and cross-linked polyethylene. For large buildings, it describes a centralized system with zoning valves to isolate floors for repairs. For high-rises, it explains zoning floors, using a head tank to improve water flow to upper floors, and maintaining pressure throughout the system.
The document discusses plumbing components and equipment. It describes common piping components like pipes, fittings, flanges, valves and bolting. It then discusses various plumbing equipment often hidden from view like water meters, pumps, expansion tanks, backflow preventers, filters, softeners, heaters, heat exchangers, gauges and control systems. Finally, it lists and describes common plumbing fixtures visible to users such as bathtubs, bidets, drinking fountains, sinks, showers, pools and fountains.
The document discusses house drainage systems. It defines key terms like wastewater, sewage, sullage, and plumbing system. It describes the principles of house drainage like gravity flow and ventilation. It explains traps, their types and qualities. Pipes are classified as soil, waste, and vent pipes. Finally, it summarizes four common plumbing systems - single stack, one pipe, single stack partially ventilated, and two pipe systems - comparing their features.
The document provides an overview of plumbing fixtures and systems. It defines common fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, bathtubs and showers. It also describes the basic components and purposes of plumbing systems for water distribution, drainage, sewage treatment and rainwater harvesting.
The document provides information on house drainage systems, including its key components and design principles. It discusses the objectives of house drainage which include maintaining healthy conditions and facilitating the quick removal of waste. It describes various drainage system components such as traps (P, Q, S traps), pipes (soil, waste, vent), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bathtubs, water closets, urinals). The document also outlines different plumbing systems including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems. Finally, it provides an example house drainage plan layout.
The document discusses various aspects of plumbing systems, including water supply sources and distribution, direct and indirect water supply, sanitary systems, pipes, traps, and different plumbing system types. It provides descriptions and diagrams to explain direct and indirect water supply systems, the components of sanitary systems including soil, waste, vent and rainwater pipes, types of traps according to shape and use, and one-pipe, two-pipe, single stack, and fully ventilated one-pipe plumbing systems.
This document provides an overview of plumbing components and materials. It discusses different types of pipes like PEX, copper, PVC, galvanized, and brass. It also describes common pipe fittings such as couplings, reducers, elbows, unions, tees, crosses, caps, and barbs. Finally, it summarizes various valves like ball valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, diaphragm valves, globe valves, check valves, pressure balanced valves, and zone valves.
Plumbing involves pipes, drains, fittings and fixtures for water supply and waste removal. There are various components like pipes, fittings, fixtures, tanks and connecting pieces. Major plumbing systems include potable water supply, drainage/venting, and sewage/septic systems. Common pipe materials include PVC, uPVC, CPVC and galvanized iron. Fixtures include wash basins, taps, toilets. Traps like P-traps, S-traps and Q-traps are used to prevent foul gases. Popular brands for fittings, fixtures and tanks are listed along with price comparisons of common plumbing fittings made of different materials.
The document discusses the principles and components of house drainage systems. It covers topics such as the aims of house drainage, principles for laying pipes, definitions of terms like sewage and sewerage, types of pipes and materials used, traps and their classifications, sanitary fittings like wash basins and sinks, and sizes of different components. The key goals of house drainage are to maintain healthy conditions, dispose of waste water quickly, and prevent entry of foul gases. Pipes should be laid following principles like placing them beside rather than below buildings and avoiding sharp bends.
The document discusses waste pipes, which receive waste from plumbing fixtures besides water closets. Proper installation of waste pipes is important and requires using the right materials, fittings, slope, and pipe size. Fittings should be used conservatively to allow smooth waste flow. Cleanouts should be installed strategically for access. A 2% slope is ideal for waste pipes to prevent trap seal loss from rapid waste flow. Pipes must be sized adequately based on fixture loads to allow self-scouring waste flow. Oversized or undersized pipes can both cause drainage issues.
Plumbing works done in residential buildings involve installing pipes to supply fresh water and remove liquid and water-borne wastes. The key components include water supply pipes, fixtures and traps, soil and waste pipes, and storm drainage. Proper plumbing is important to provide water for uses like drinking, cooking, and bathing while safely removing waste. Common materials for pipes include galvanized iron, PVC, and CPVC. Overhead tanks store water on building roofs and come in cement/brick or ready-made styles. Solar water heaters and LPG gas pipes are also summarized.
The document discusses building drainage systems and traps. It explains that a building drainage system is the system of pipes that collects waste water from sanitary fixtures and discharges it to the public sewer via gravity. It also discusses general design principles for drainage systems, such as laying pipes along walls for maintenance and providing proper ventilation and slopes. The document then focuses on traps, explaining that traps hold water to prevent foul gases and vermin from entering rooms. It describes different types of traps used in drainage systems and their purposes.
This document discusses various types of plumbing fixtures and pipe fittings used in building services. It describes different types of taps including pillar cocks, self-closing taps, and swan neck taps. It also discusses common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings and unions. Different types of pipe joints are explained such as spigot and socket joints, flanged joints, expansion joints, flexible joints, and collar joints. Special joints for concrete and asbestos cement pipes are also covered.
This document discusses plumbing services for a building, including water supply and distribution systems. It covers the cold water system, direct and indirect supply systems, and hot water supply methods. The direct system supplies water directly from mains to fixtures, while the indirect system uses a storage cistern. Centralized hot water systems store and circulate hot water, while localized systems heat water at the point of use. Solar water heaters also utilize energy from the sun.
Water supply involves delivering water via pumps and pipes for public, commercial, or individual use. There are two main types of water systems: plumbing for inlet pipes and drainage for outlet pipes. Common pipe materials include metal, cement, and plastic. Fittings connect pipe sections and allow changes in direction and diameter. Common fittings include tees, elbows, couplings, reducers, bushings, and valves which regulate water flow. Drainage, waste, and vent systems use specific fittings designed for gravity-driven wastewater removal.
Planning and design of building services in multi Story Vj NiroSh
The document discusses water supply and distribution systems. It defines a water distribution system as a network of pipes that can distribute water supply to premises in an organized manner. It notes that factors to consider when planning water supply layouts include population growth, industrial development, and sources of water supply. The main sources of water supply are listed as surface sources like rivers and lakes, and underground sources like wells and springs. The document also discusses various types of pipes used in distribution systems, as well as fittings, valves, water heating methods, and hot water supply systems.
This document discusses sources of water, distribution systems, and plumbing. It covers:
- Surface and ground water sources like streams, lakes, rivers, and wells.
- Types of distribution systems including gravity, pumping, and dual systems. Gravity relies on elevation while pumping uses pumps. Dual uses both.
- Components of plumbing systems like pipes, fixtures, valves, and fittings. It also discusses cold water supply systems being either direct or indirect.
The lecture overview summarizes the water supply process from source to residential buildings. It discusses water sources like surface water and groundwater. It then explains the multi-step water treatment process including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and storage. It also discusses external and internal water distributions as well as direct and indirect water supply systems to residential buildings.
Water supply, sanitation and rainwater harvestingAyushi Agrawal
A water supply system typically includes a drainage basin, water collection point, water purification facilities, water storage facilities such as tanks or towers, pressurizing components such as pumps, and a pipe network for distribution. There are three main types of water distribution systems: direct pumping, overhead tank, and hydro-pneumatic. A direct pumping system uses tanks elevated to provide water pressure without additional pumps. An overhead tank system stores water in elevated tanks but may require booster pumps for upper floors. A hydro-pneumatic system uses pressure tanks instead of elevated water tanks.
This document provides information on estimating hot water demand for plumbing systems. It discusses factors that influence hot water usage and provides estimates of usage for different household activities. Standard fixture units are presented as a method to estimate total hot water demand based on the type and number of fixtures. Flow rates are then estimated based on the total fixture unit count using probability curves.
The document discusses plumbing systems for buildings. It describes that plumbing comprises pipes, tanks, fittings and other apparatus for water supply, heating and sanitation. The plumbing system includes a water supply system with distribution pipes, taps and valves. It also includes a drainage system with basins, toilets, traps and pipes. Water is collected and stored in tanks, then pumped to elevated storage tanks in buildings. Various pipe materials like copper, galvanized iron and polythene are used for supply lines. Valves like globe valves and gate valves are used to control water flow. Storage tanks are made of materials like steel, concrete or masonry and are situated on rooftops or at ground level to supply
This document discusses hot water supply systems for buildings, including materials, piping, and system designs for large buildings and high-rise buildings. It covers acceptable pipe materials like copper, polybutylene, and cross-linked polyethylene. For large buildings, it describes a centralized system with zoning valves to isolate floors for repairs. For high-rises, it explains zoning floors, using a head tank to improve water flow to upper floors, and maintaining pressure throughout the system.
The document discusses plumbing components and equipment. It describes common piping components like pipes, fittings, flanges, valves and bolting. It then discusses various plumbing equipment often hidden from view like water meters, pumps, expansion tanks, backflow preventers, filters, softeners, heaters, heat exchangers, gauges and control systems. Finally, it lists and describes common plumbing fixtures visible to users such as bathtubs, bidets, drinking fountains, sinks, showers, pools and fountains.
The document discusses house drainage systems. It defines key terms like wastewater, sewage, sullage, and plumbing system. It describes the principles of house drainage like gravity flow and ventilation. It explains traps, their types and qualities. Pipes are classified as soil, waste, and vent pipes. Finally, it summarizes four common plumbing systems - single stack, one pipe, single stack partially ventilated, and two pipe systems - comparing their features.
The document provides an overview of plumbing fixtures and systems. It defines common fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, bathtubs and showers. It also describes the basic components and purposes of plumbing systems for water distribution, drainage, sewage treatment and rainwater harvesting.
The document provides information on house drainage systems, including its key components and design principles. It discusses the objectives of house drainage which include maintaining healthy conditions and facilitating the quick removal of waste. It describes various drainage system components such as traps (P, Q, S traps), pipes (soil, waste, vent), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bathtubs, water closets, urinals). The document also outlines different plumbing systems including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems. Finally, it provides an example house drainage plan layout.
The document discusses various aspects of plumbing systems, including water supply sources and distribution, direct and indirect water supply, sanitary systems, pipes, traps, and different plumbing system types. It provides descriptions and diagrams to explain direct and indirect water supply systems, the components of sanitary systems including soil, waste, vent and rainwater pipes, types of traps according to shape and use, and one-pipe, two-pipe, single stack, and fully ventilated one-pipe plumbing systems.
This document provides an overview of plumbing components and materials. It discusses different types of pipes like PEX, copper, PVC, galvanized, and brass. It also describes common pipe fittings such as couplings, reducers, elbows, unions, tees, crosses, caps, and barbs. Finally, it summarizes various valves like ball valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, diaphragm valves, globe valves, check valves, pressure balanced valves, and zone valves.
Plumbing involves pipes, drains, fittings and fixtures for water supply and waste removal. There are various components like pipes, fittings, fixtures, tanks and connecting pieces. Major plumbing systems include potable water supply, drainage/venting, and sewage/septic systems. Common pipe materials include PVC, uPVC, CPVC and galvanized iron. Fixtures include wash basins, taps, toilets. Traps like P-traps, S-traps and Q-traps are used to prevent foul gases. Popular brands for fittings, fixtures and tanks are listed along with price comparisons of common plumbing fittings made of different materials.
The document discusses the principles and components of house drainage systems. It covers topics such as the aims of house drainage, principles for laying pipes, definitions of terms like sewage and sewerage, types of pipes and materials used, traps and their classifications, sanitary fittings like wash basins and sinks, and sizes of different components. The key goals of house drainage are to maintain healthy conditions, dispose of waste water quickly, and prevent entry of foul gases. Pipes should be laid following principles like placing them beside rather than below buildings and avoiding sharp bends.
The document discusses waste pipes, which receive waste from plumbing fixtures besides water closets. Proper installation of waste pipes is important and requires using the right materials, fittings, slope, and pipe size. Fittings should be used conservatively to allow smooth waste flow. Cleanouts should be installed strategically for access. A 2% slope is ideal for waste pipes to prevent trap seal loss from rapid waste flow. Pipes must be sized adequately based on fixture loads to allow self-scouring waste flow. Oversized or undersized pipes can both cause drainage issues.
The document discusses the principles and components of house drainage systems. It explains that house drainage collects and conveys wastewater by gravity to a public sewer or septic tank. The key principles are minimizing pipe lengths, avoiding sharp turns, using sufficient slope for self-cleansing flow, and including traps to prevent gas entry. Pipes in drainage systems include soil pipes for human waste, waste pipes for liquid waste, vent pipes for ventilation, and rainwater pipes. Traps with a water seal are used throughout to block gas flow while allowing wastewater passage.
This presentation discusses domestic sewage systems. It covers traps and components of house drainage systems including P-traps, Q-traps, and S-traps. It also discusses nahni traps, gully traps, and intercepting traps. Building sanitation drainage systems including two-pipe, one-pipe, and single stack systems are explained. Finally, it covers sewers and classification based on material used as well as combined, separate, and partially separate sewer systems.
The document discusses plumbing services and provides definitions for key terms. It covers topics like water supply systems, drainage, fittings, and solid waste management. Specifics around estimating water needs based on population, types of water distribution, toilet systems, and requirements for different building types like schools and hospitals are outlined. Materials used for piping and drainage systems are also defined.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in plumbing systems. It defines plumbing and describes plumbing water supply and sanitary drainage systems. It discusses components of water connection systems, the purpose of underground storage tanks, examples of metal tanks for water storage, and advantages of mild steel tanks. The document also covers high density polyethylene pipes, advantages of automatic pumping systems, the purpose of bib cocks, ventilation in buildings, sanitary fittings, principles of sanitary plumbing systems, and sizing of house drains and vent pipes. Additional topics include smoke testing of pipes, advantages of aeration in water treatment, different plumbing systems, kinds of vent piping, individual trap vents, branch vents, and
1. The document discusses the components and principles of house drainage systems. It describes various pipes, traps, and sanitary fittings used in plumbing systems.
2. Traps are classified based on their shape and use, including P, Q, S, floor, gully, and intercepting traps. Floor traps are also called nahni traps.
3. The key components of house drainage systems are described - soil pipes carry sewage, waste pipes carry sullage, and vent pipes provide ventilation.
4. Common plumbing systems for house drainage are discussed, including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems.
The document discusses the key components and principles of a house drainage system. It defines important terms like wastewater, sewage, sullage, etc. It describes the main components of a house drainage system including traps (P, Q, S, floor, gully, intercepting), pipes (soil, waste, vent, rainwater), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, water closets, urinals, flushing cisterns). It also explains the principles of design and discusses the different systems of plumbing like single stack, one pipe, single stack partially ventilated, and two pipe systems.
This document discusses the key components of a house drainage system. It defines sewage, sullage, sewers, soil pipes, and waste pipes. Principles of house drainage systems are outlined, including laying pipes beside buildings, using leak-proof joints, and allowing gravity-based flow. Considerations for house drainage plans are provided, such as using straight pipes and inspection chambers at turns, avoiding laying pipes under buildings, and using proper pipe sizing and gradients.
Plumbing services in high rise building and group housingRohit Bhatt
As well as the comforts and luxuries of modern living Plumbing systems protect the community from disease.
Invisible organisms that swim around in a watery environment was beyond imagination until a few centuries ago, it was only in the late 19th century that scientists discovered and isolated specific microbes of particular a disease, cholera, has proven one of history’s most virulent killers.
Mankind began to understand that the evil spirits causing its woes were microscopic creatures that could be defeated by plumbers and sanitary engineers. With well designed plumbing and draining systems.
As we go about our everyday lives it is comforting to know that people’s lives are protected by having Correctly Installed and maintained Plumbing Gasfitting and Draining Systems.
The arrangemnet provided in a house or building, for collecting and conveying waste
water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join either a public sewer or a domestic
septic tank, is termed as house drainage or building drainage.
1. The document discusses various sanitary appliances including washbasins, sinks, bath tubs, flushing cisterns, water closets, and urinals.
2. It provides details on the typical materials, sizes, and designs of each appliance.
3. Key points covered include dual flushing cisterns that can use partial or full flushes, and automatic flushing for urinals using a plastic U-tube design.
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, drop manholes, gully pits, intercepting traps, septic tanks, soak pits, and holding tanks. Manholes provide access for inspection and cleaning of sewers. Drop manholes are used when a branch sewer enters a manhole at a higher level to prevent splashing. Gully pits trap solid waste before it enters drainage systems. Intercepting traps disconnect house drains from sewers to prevent gas/bacteria entry. Septic tanks facilitate anaerobic digestion of sewage. Soak pits allow septic tank effluent to seep into soil. Holding tanks temporarily store effluent before pumping to treatment.
its about the detailed view of points to be remembered during selection of pumps and the laying work done during plumbing work and about the safety precaution to be followed during plumbing work
Plumbing works done in residential buildings include installing pipes for water supply and drainage. Common plumbing materials used are galvanized iron, PVC, CPVC, and multi-layer composite pipes. Proper plumbing is important to provide water and remove waste. Inspection chambers allow access for maintenance of underground drainage systems. Quality materials and installation are needed for a durable plumbing system.
This document discusses methods of excreta disposal, including both unsewered and sewered areas. For unsewered areas, it describes service type latrines that use human collection of waste and non-service sanitary latrines like borehole, dug well, and water-seal latrines. It also discusses temporary latrine options. For sewered areas, it outlines the water carriage system of household fittings, house drains, sewers, and appurtenances to transport waste to treatment. Primary and secondary sewage treatment methods are summarized.
Plumbing services play an important role in both the functionality and aesthetics of interior design. They ensure a safe and efficient water supply while adding elegance to a space. Additionally, plumbing services are critical for safety and health by helping prevent water-borne illnesses. A complete plumbing system includes a water supply, drainage, and fixtures. It provides water and removes waste through pipes, traps that prevent sewer gases from entering, cleanouts for drainage maintenance, and vents to release pressure. Plumbing plans are required to show the full system layout.
This document provides an overview of plumbing systems, including:
- A brief history of plumbing from ancient civilizations to modern developments.
- The key components of plumbing systems, including water supply pipes, drainage waste vent (DWV) pipes, and fixtures like sinks and toilets.
- Considerations for plumbing design like identifying fixture needs, selecting appropriately sized piping, and grouping fixtures efficiently.
- The purpose and design of the DWV system to drain used water and sewage from buildings.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
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1. CHAUDHARY SANJAY B. 156260306505
MORIYA SAAD S. 156260306513
PARMAR ANIL KUMAR R. 156260306515
GUID BY :- F.M.PATEL
&
P.K.C
2.
TOPICSTOPICS
Syllabus
Principle Of House Drainage
Defination
Trapes
Requirement Of Good Trapes
Classification Of Trapes
Pipes
Sanitory Fittings
System Of Plumbing
Testing Of Drain And Pipes
Maintanance Of House Drainage System
Reference
3. House Drainage:House Drainage: principles of house drainage, pipesprinciples of house drainage, pipes
and traps, Classification of traps: nahni trap,and traps, Classification of traps: nahni trap,
interception trap, grease-trap, sanitary fittings, systeminterception trap, grease-trap, sanitary fittings, system
of plumbing, house drainage plan.of plumbing, house drainage plan.
7. The W.C, Bathrooms, Sinks, Wash basins, etc. areThe W.C, Bathrooms, Sinks, Wash basins, etc. are
important components of a house.important components of a house. The occupants ofThe occupants of
the house make use of the above components and as athe house make use of the above components and as a
result of that there is a formation of waste water.result of that there is a formation of waste water. TheThe
Waste water from W.C, bathrooms, sinks and washWaste water from W.C, bathrooms, sinks and wash
basins is to be properly disposed in to the muncipalbasins is to be properly disposed in to the muncipal
sewerssewers. It is therefore necessary to construct a system. It is therefore necessary to construct a system
of conveyance of wastewater from W.C, bathrooms,of conveyance of wastewater from W.C, bathrooms,
kitchens and washbasins and disposal to thekitchens and washbasins and disposal to the
muncipal sewer. This system is known as housemuncipal sewer. This system is known as house
drainage systemdrainage system
8. Before studying the principles forBefore studying the principles for
design and construction of housedesign and construction of house
drainage system it is necessary to firstdrainage system it is necessary to first
understand the basic terms used inunderstand the basic terms used in
subsequent description of topics in thissubsequent description of topics in this
chapter. Important terms are defined aschapter. Important terms are defined as
follows:follows:
WastewaterWastewater: Water when used for: Water when used for
different purpose like domesticdifferent purpose like domestic
commercial, industrial etc., receivescommercial, industrial etc., receives
impurities and become wastewater.impurities and become wastewater.
Thus wastewater is used water and itThus wastewater is used water and it
hashas physical, chemical, andphysical, chemical, and
biologicalbiological Impurities in it, wastewaterImpurities in it, wastewater
is a general term.is a general term.
Sewage:Sewage: The waste water coming fromThe waste water coming from
W.C. and containing human excreta isW.C. and containing human excreta is
known as sewage.known as sewage.
9. Sullage:Sullage: The Wastewater coming from bathrooms andThe Wastewater coming from bathrooms and
kitchens which does not contain fecal matter is known askitchens which does not contain fecal matter is known as
sullage.sullage.
Plumbing System:Plumbing System: It is entire system of pipe line forIt is entire system of pipe line for
providing water supply to the building or it is a system ofproviding water supply to the building or it is a system of
pipes for disposal of wastewater from the building.pipes for disposal of wastewater from the building.
Sewer:Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage/ wastewater is called sewer.A pipe carrying sewage/ wastewater is called sewer.
Soil PipeSoil Pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.
Waste Pipe:Waste Pipe: It is a pipe carrying sulluge from bathrooms,It is a pipe carrying sulluge from bathrooms,
kitchens, sinks, wash basins, etc.kitchens, sinks, wash basins, etc.
Sewerage System:Sewerage System: A system of sewers of different typesA system of sewers of different types
and sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town andand sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town and
carrying it to the wastewater treatment plant.carrying it to the wastewater treatment plant.
10. Manhole:Manhole: These are RCC/ Masonary chambersThese are RCC/ Masonary chambers
constructed at suitable intervals along sewer lines.constructed at suitable intervals along sewer lines.
Traps:Traps: Traps are defined as fittings at the end of soilTraps are defined as fittings at the end of soil
pipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases coming outpipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases coming out
of the soil pipe/ waste pipe.of the soil pipe/ waste pipe.
13. House drainage :- The principles and procedure
to be followed while constructing and laying
sewer lines in private buildings are referred as ‘house
drainage ’.
Aims :-
1.To maintain healthy condition in the building .
2.To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as
possible .
3.To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the
septic tank .
4.To facilitate quick removal of foul matter.
5.To collect and remove waste matters systematically .
14. Principles of house drainage :-
1.It advisable to lay the sewers by the side of the building
rather than below the building .
2.All the drain should be laid straight between inspection
chambers, avoiding sharp bends and junction as far as
possible .
3.The house drain should be connected to the public
sewer only when the public sewer is deeper than the
house drain in order to avoid reverse flow from the
public sewer to the house drain .
4.House drainage should contain enough traps at
suitable points for its efficient functioning .
15. 5. The joints of sewer should be properly tested before
putting the drainage line to use .
6. Lateral sewer should be laid at proper gradient so
that they can develop self cleansing velocity.
7. The size of drain should be sufficient , so that they
do not overflow at the time of maximum discharge .
8. The layout of house drainage should permit easy
cleaning and removal of obstructions .
9. The entire system should be properly ventilated from
the starting point to the final point of disposal .
10. All the materials and fittings of the drainage system
should be hard , strong and resistant to erosion
action . They should be non-absorbent type .
16. Definition :-
1.Sewage :- The term sewage is to indicate the liquid
wastes from the community . It includes discharge from
bathrooms , kitchen , washing places , wash basins ,
latrines , urinals , industrial wastes and storm water .
2.Sullage :- Sullage is used to indicate the waste
waters from bathrooms , kitchens , washing places ,
wash basins , etc.
3.Sewerage :- The entire science of collecting and
carrying sewage by water carriage system through
sewer , is known as sewerage .
17. 4. Sewer :- An underground pipe or conduit which
carries sewage is called sewer .
5. Vent pipe :- The pipe installed for the purpose of
ventilation is known as vent pipe .
6. Plumbing system :-Plumbing system is the entire
system of piping's , fixtures , pipelines , etc . For
providing water supply or drainage to the building .
7. Sewerage system :- A system of sewers of
different types and sizes in a town collecting
wastewater from the town and carrying it to the waste
water treatment plant .
18. 8. Rainwater pipe :- It is a pipe which carries only
the rainwater .
9. Trap :- The which is connected at the end of the
soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases
inside the building is known as trap .
10. Water seal :- The vertical distance between the
crown and the dip of the trap is known as water seal .
This portion always remains full of water . Generally ,
the water seal varies from 75 mm to 100 mm .
19. Traps :-
The device which is connected at the end of soil
pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the
building is known as trap . It is a bent pipe in the shape of ‘u’
which always remain full of water .
Causes of failure of water seal :-
1.Faulty joints
2.Crack in the bottom of seal
3.Creation of partial vacuum in the sewer fittings
4.Increase in the pressure of sewer gases
5.Non-use for a prolonged period
Prevention:-
1.Connecting the portion between the soil pipe and trap by a vent
pipe .
2.Use of anti- siphonage pipe in the building
20. Requirement of a good trap :-
1.It should possess a adequate water seal at all times .
2.It should be not absorbent material .
3.The internal and external surface should have smooth
finish so that dirt , etc. Does not stick to it .
4.It should be free from any inside projection , angles ,
contractions, so that flow is not obstructed.
5.It should be self cleansing .
6.It should be simple in construction , cheap and readily
available .
7.It should be provided with suitable access for cleaning.
21. Classification of traps :-
A.Classification according to shape :
1.P – trap
2.Q – trap
3.S – trap
22. B. Classification based on use :
1. Floor trap or nahni trap :
A floor trap a commonly known as a nahni
trap is used to collect wash water from floor, kitchen
and bathrooms . It forms the starting point of waste
water flow. It is generally made of cast iron .
23. 2. Gully trap :
these are special type of traps which
disconnect sullage drain from the main drainage
system . A well designed gully trap serve two or
three connections from the nahni trap .
24. 3. Intercepting trap :
The intercepting trap is also known as
disconnecting trap or interceptor . It is provided at the
junction of the house drain with the public sewer or
septic tank . It is thus provided in the last man hole of
the house drainage system.
25. Pipes :-
1.Soil pipe : it is the pipe carrying sewage from
urinals , water closet , etc.
2.Waste pipe : it is pipe carrying from bathrooms ,
kitchen , sinks etc. It does not carry human excreta.
3.Vent pipe: the pipe installed for the purpose of
ventilation of the system is known as vent pipe .
4.Rain water : it is a pipe which carries only the rain
water .
5.Antisiphonage pipe : a pipe which is installed in the
house drainage to preserve the water seal of the traps is
known as antisiphonage pipe .
6.Ventilating pipe : the ventilating pipe enables the
foul gases of sewage to be safely discharge in to the
atmosphere .
27. •System of plumbing :-
There are four principal system of plumbing for drainage
of building :
1.Single stack system
2.One pipe system
3.Partially ventilated single stack system
4.Two pipe system
28. 1. Single stack system :-
this is the simplest system, in which the
waste matter from bathrooms , kitchen , sinks etc. As
well as foul matter from the WC and urinals are
discharged in one single pipe , called the soil pipe
and waste pipe . This pipe terminates as the vent
pipe at its top , and no separate vent pipe is provided
.
2. One pipe system :-
in this system a separate vent pipe is
provided and the traps of all water closet , basins,
etc, Are commonly ventilated .
29. 3. Partially ventilated single stack system :-
this is a modified form of the single stack
system and one pipe system . In this system the
waste from WC , basins , sinks , etc , is discharged
in to one common soil and waste pipe .
4. Two pipe system :-
in this system separate soil pipe and waste
pipe is provided . The discharged from WC is
connected to soil pipe while the discharge from
bath , sinks , lavatory basins etc. Are connected to
waste pipe
30. Testing of drains and pipes :-
fter laying a house drains and fitting the
pipes , their water tightness should be ascertained by
applying various test . The drains are usually tested in
section between successive chamber and vertical pipe
are tested in groups having one common inspection
chamber .
the following test are usually conducted :
1.Air test
2. coloured water test
3. hydraulic test
4.Smell test
5. smoke test
31. Precaution in plumbing work :-
1.For all pipes , fitting , etc. Standard material should be
used . Sub –standard material may caused leakage in
pipe and fitting .
2.All the joints should be made water tight by wrapping
jute thread and white lead paint in the threads , while
screwing .
3.Over screwing of pipes , fittings , elbow , tee , sockets ,
cross etc . Should not be done to avoid cracks .
4.The pipes should be cut at right angle to the axis of the
pipe .
32. Maintenance of house drainage
system :-
1. Entry of undesirable elements : Care should be
taken to see that undesirable substances like grit ,
sand , decayed fruits , vegetables , pieces of clothes
leaves , etc . Do not enter the system .
2. Flushing :- It is advisable to flush the system once
or twice a day in order to maintain it in working
condition .
3. Inspection :- Various unit of house drainage
system should be inspected at regular intervals and
the obstruction , if any , should be removed .
4. Quality of material :- Good quality material
should be used .