Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine: It Takes a Province - Dr. Susan Detmer, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Regional Surveillance
and Control Strategies
for Influenza in Swine:
IT TAKES A PROVINCE
Susan Detmer, DVM, PhD
September 20, 2016

2. Outline
 What is surveillance?
 What are we looking for?
 The Manitoba Collaboration
 What are we doing with the data?
 Future work

3. What is Disease Surveillance?
 Disease surveillance is an information-based activity
involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of
large volumes of data originating from a variety of
sources.
 PCR (ELISA, BacT) for specific diseases
 Farm Data (Outcome Data), Meteorological data
 To be effective, the collection of surveillance data must
be standardized on a national basis and be made
available at local, regional and national level.
http://www.hpsc.ie/AboutHPSC/WhatisDiseaseSurveillance/

4. How is the surveillance data used?
 Monitor changes in disease patterns
 Evaluate control and prevention methods
 Identify high risk populations
 Planning: allocation of resources
 ZIKA control measures (Pres $1.9Bil, Congress $1.1Bil, Senate $0)
 PED response in Manitoba (surveillance budget gone through 2017)
 Data archive for future reference
Caveat: The quality of the data will determine some uses.

5. Active vs. Passive surveillance
 ACTIVE:
 Actively collecting samples from farms at regular intervals
(weekly, monthly, quarterly)
 Research Projects
 Not targeting sick animals
 PASSIVE:
 Collecting samples from farms with clinical signs of ILI
 Diagnostic labs - “sick animals”
You have to know the farm
and the disease
SAMPLE THE RIGHT ANIMALS
regular intervals
as needed

6. Who to sample for flu?
Flu not under control
 PIGLETS 14-24 days old
OR
 PIGLETS at weaning
 10 nasal swabs
Flu controlled in sows by
vaccine
 6-8 week old pigs in NURSERY
 Oral fluids to narrow down:
 3 samples at 5w, 6w, 7w, 8w
 Nasal swabs from 10-12 piglets.
3ml VTM with regular flocked swab
1ml VTM with MINI flocked swab
BD or Puritan brand
Using a mini swab with
3 ml of VTM can dilute
the virus too much.
(hard to isolate, seq., etc.)
If you get blood on the swabs try stopping here

7. Flu surveillance in the USA
 USDA 2009-2016 (passive surveillance)
 State labs: opt-in/out, anonymous or tracked
 Screening with Matrix PCR
 Virus isolation and subtyping
 Sequences: HA, NA, M  GenBank
 Virus Isolates forwarded to USDA
 Whole genome sequencing of selected viruses
 Virus archive for future work and research
http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-RiG6q9zdT

8. Flu surveillance in Canada
 Provincial laboratories, provincial funding
 Ontario
 Samples through the provincial lab
 Screening with Matrix PCR
 Virus isolation and subtyping
 Sequencing HA  Forwarding to CFIA for whole genome
 Quebec
 University of Montreal and MAPAQ

9. Flu surveillance in Canada
 Western Canada (me)
 Active and Passive surveillance
 Screening and subtyping
 VI and HA sequencing
 Forwarding for whole genome
 PDS and UMVDL
Funded by:

10. Canada-West Swine Health Intelligence
Network (CWSHIN)
 Purpose to communicate about current disease issues within the
region
 Emerging disease problems
 BC, AB, SK, MB
 Private practice veterinarians
 Provincial veterinarians
 Diagnosticians (provincial labs)
 Academics
 Members on the call sign a privacy policy
 Information being shared is not publicly available
 A report is generated for veterinarians and producers

11. The Canadian Swine Health Intelligence
Network (CSHIN) started in 2012
 Quebec: Réseau d'alerte et d'information zoosanitaire (RAIZO)
 Ontario: Ontario Animal Health Network (OAHN)
 Western Canada: CWSHIN
 Others from the Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS)
 Issues with different labs using different systems
 CAHLN: AHL, PDS, MAFRI
 Numbers of positive samples reported vs. %
 Central information gathering (Lab data fed to CAHSS) - CFIA

12. Clinical Impression Survey
 Computer or Cell phone App
 Fluidsurveys
 Quarterly observations by practitioners
 Approximately 40-45 veterinarians represent almost 90%
of the pigs in Canada

13. CSHIN quarterly conference calls

14. Veterinarian and Producer reports

15. The Manitoba experience

16. Canada
https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf

17. https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf
3,288,500 total hogs exported
Minnesota: 801,300
Iowa: 2,069,700

18. Manitoba Hogs
 2008-2012: Adverse market conditions
 2015: 2,243,700 pigs exported were < 7 kg (isowean)
 78% of pigs < 50 kg that were exported; 68% of total hogs exported
https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf

19. SE Manitoba
 Hog alley near Winnipeg, MB
 Red River
 North of Fargo, ND
 SE MB vet group
 Deals with >25% of all Canadian pigs
 Deals with a lot of exports to USA
 3 Large Production Systems
 Regular meetings to discuss diseases
 Meetings on Flu: Detmer & Culhane

20.  Several research projects have developed
from the collaboration between the swine
veterinarians and my research program
both within Southeast Manitoba and across
the Western region.
 Unpublished data was removed from the
presentation for the web version.

21. Learning from experience
 Risk factors
 Better understanding
 Identifying new
 Measurements of success
 How do we know we have eradicated a virus?
 How do we measure if a control strategy is effective?
 Monitoring programs
 Endemic flu  is it a new flu ?
 H3N2  pH1N1  alpha H1N2 +/- H3N2
Trends in disease  flu trends  NEED TO GO DEEPER!

22. Going Forward
 Continue to build on present information networks
 Need a database of viruses for sharing
 GenBank with clinical and other data
 Limited Access
 Anonymity
 Protected data
 More field based projects
 More vaccine testing
 Does closing a herd help? Off-site nurseries?

23. Outline
 What is surveillance?
 What are we looking for?
 The Manitoba Collaboration
 What are we doing with the data?
 Future work

24. Thank you!
 CSHIN, CWSHIN, OAHN, RAIZO
 Veterinarians, Producers and Pigs
in Western Canada
 Graduate students and Technicians
 Collaborators
Funding:
 Saskatchewan Ministry of
Agriculture
 Sask-ADF
 Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency
Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for
Influenza in Swine:
IT TAKES A PROVINCE a lot of people
Students in the Detmer Lab: Vinicius, Lauren and Diana