CRISPR is a new genome editing tool that uses the bacterial immune system to detect and cut foreign DNA. It contains repeating DNA sequences that allow bacteria to recognize and cut invading viruses. There are three main types of CRISPR systems that vary in their targeting mechanisms and effects. The CRISPR-Cas9 system involves a Cas9 enzyme that can be guided by CRISPR RNA to cut specific locations in the genome. This tool is revolutionizing biotechnology and holds promise for applications in medicine, but more research is still needed to fully characterize its activity and address ethical considerations before human applications.
Genome Editing Techniques by Kainat RamzanKainatRamzan3
Genome technology has revolutionized biological science through techniques of Gene Editing in order to edit any organism's genome.MegNs and zinc-finger nucleases are commonly understood to be used, as is the effector's transcriptional activator-like nucleases. In CRISPR/Cas9, genetic alterations, and gene functionality have become a well-known tool for understanding gene targeting.
Genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system has become one of the major tools in modern biotechnology. This slide share discusses the fundamentals in a simple, easy to understand format.
Genome Editing Techniques by Kainat RamzanKainatRamzan3
Genome technology has revolutionized biological science through techniques of Gene Editing in order to edit any organism's genome.MegNs and zinc-finger nucleases are commonly understood to be used, as is the effector's transcriptional activator-like nucleases. In CRISPR/Cas9, genetic alterations, and gene functionality have become a well-known tool for understanding gene targeting.
Genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system has become one of the major tools in modern biotechnology. This slide share discusses the fundamentals in a simple, easy to understand format.
CRISPR- Cas technology: a new antiviral weapon for plantsSachin Bhor
Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or "molecular scissors”. Identified CRISPR-associated protein 9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (Cas9) in (2012). Genome engineering by CRISPR/Cas system (16 February 2012). New application of this technology to combating viral infection by destroying invading virus DNA has now become possible in plants.
CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments from viruses that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections.
CRISPR / Cas9 has become the most popular system for in vitro genome editing, but the in vivo gene editing method is still limited by the Cas9 import problem.
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar phages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes.
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms.This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnology products, and treatment of diseases.
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.
CRISPR- Cas technology: a new antiviral weapon for plantsSachin Bhor
Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or "molecular scissors”. Identified CRISPR-associated protein 9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (Cas9) in (2012). Genome engineering by CRISPR/Cas system (16 February 2012). New application of this technology to combating viral infection by destroying invading virus DNA has now become possible in plants.
CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments from viruses that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections.
CRISPR / Cas9 has become the most popular system for in vitro genome editing, but the in vivo gene editing method is still limited by the Cas9 import problem.
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar phages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes.
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms.This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnology products, and treatment of diseases.
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.
Introduction, History, components, cas9 protein structure and function,gRNA variants, Cas9 nuclease variants, CRISPR in bacteria as the immune system, mechanism, steps of working, Applications, and pros and cons.
An Introduction to Crispr Genome Editing
Crispr cas: A new tool of genome editing
CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) are part of an adaptive defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing has been a major technological breakthrough, making genome modification in cells or organisms fast, more efficient, and much more robust than previous genome editing methods. Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) or guide RNAs (gRNAs) direct and activate the Cas9 endonuclease at a specific genomic sequence. Cas9 then cleaves the target DNA, making it available for repair by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) system or for creating an insertion site for exogenous donor DNA by homologous recombination.
CRISPR is one of the mind blowing discovery which completely change the science of microorganisms. It is am efficient tool for genome editing and make the scientist enable to treat disease. The vast application of CRISPR technology covered almost all every aspect of life ranging from individual life to commercial aspect.
Purpose:
The purpose of this webinar is to develop creative scientific thinking in youngster and make them familiar with the miricals of science discovery.
The Genome editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...Anand Choudhary
Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant pathology
Production of disease resistance cultivars by editing the genome which is responsible for susceptibility factor for fungal and bacterial diseases.
By editing the genome which governs host pathogen interaction we can obtain incompatible interaction between host pathogen.
To improve the efficacy of bio control agents.
By editing the genome responsible for virus multiplication and virulence we can obtain virus free resistance cultivars.
The Genome-editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...ANAND CHOUDHARY
Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant pathology
Production of disease resistance cultivars by editing the genome which is responsible for susceptibility factor for fungal and bacterial diseases.
By editing the genome which governs host pathogen interaction we can obtain incompatible interaction between host pathogen.
To improve the efficacy of bio control agents.
By editing the genome responsible for virus multiplication and virulence we can obtain virus free resistance cultivars.
i explained about basics of genome engineering and crispr system.
CRISPR will change the world and it is just the beginning, are you ready to meet the future? you think its great and beautiful or.....?
please give your feedback to my email
pooyanaghshbandi@yahoo.com
i am starting to write a critical and fantastic review article about CRISPR, if you are interested to join please contact me.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. CRISPR
-A new tool for genome editing
Presenter
Dr Amar Chandra Sharma
Post Doc Fellow (RA-ICMR)
Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery,
KGMU
2. CRIPSR–Cassystems
These arethe part of bacterial immune systemwhich detectsand recognize the foreign
DNAand cleavesit.
1. TheCRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci
containing short repetitions of base sequences which separatedby short "spacer DNA"
from previous exposures to a virus or phage.
2. Cas(CRISPR-associatedproteins) can target and cleave invading DNAin a sequence-
specific manner.
It was first observed in Escherichia coli by Osaka University researcherYoshizumi Ishino in
1987.
It represents a family of DNA repeats in most archaeal (~90%) andbacteria(~40%)
genomes provides acquired immunity against viruses and phages.
3. CRISPR
Spacer :- The direct repeats in a CRISP
.R locus are separated by short stretches of non-repetitive DNA called
spacers that aretypically derived from invading plasmid orphageDNA.
Protospacers :-The nucleotide sequence of the spacer must be similar to a region in the phage genome called a
protospacer in order to recognize and subsequently block phage replication, also known as
PAM(protospacer adjacent motif) seguence.
The length and sequence of repeats and the length of spacers are well conserved within a CRISPR locus, but may
vary between CRISPRs in the same or differentgenomes.
Repeat sequences are in the range of 21 bp to 48 bp, and spacers are between 26 bp and 72bp.
A conserved sequence associated with CRISPR loci called leader, located up-stream of the CRISPR with respect to
direction of transcription.
4. The size of CRISPR repeats and spacers varies between 23 to 47
base pairs (bp) and 21 to 72 bp, respectively.
Generally, CRISPR repeat sequences are highly conserved within
a given CRISPR locus.
5
5. The spacer region of each CRISPR RNA base pairs with complementary
nucleic acids, driving cleavage or degradation by the Cas proteins (cas 1 and
Cas 2) within minutes of invasion.
6. History
1987- CRISPR sequences were first discovered in Escherichia coli. (Ishino et al., 1987)
2002- Identification of Cas genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes.
(Jansen et al.,2002)
2007- CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes.
(Barrangou et al., 2007)
A 2010 study provided direct evidence that CRISPR-Cas cuts both strands of
phage and plasmid DNA in S. thermophilus ( Garneau J.E, 2010. Nature. 468
(7320): 67–71)
7. 2012- Idea of using CRISPR- Cas9 as a genome engineering tool was published by
Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier .
Nobel prize in chemistry being awarded same in this year(2020)
Jennifer Doudna
Emmanuelle Charpentier
The discovery and characterization of the prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas immune system has
led to a revolution in genome editing and engineering technologies. Despite the fact that
most applications emerged after the discovery of the type II-A CRISPR-Cas9 system of
“Streptococcus pyogenes”.
9. Different Cas proteins and their function
Protei
n
Distributio
n
Process Function
Cas1 Universal Spacer
acquisition
DNAse, not sequence specfic,
can
bind RNA; present in all Types
Cas2 Universal Spacer
acquisition
specific to U-rich regions;
present
in all Types
Cas3 Type I
signature
Target
interference
DNA helicase, endonuclease
Cas4 Type I, II Spacer
acquisition
RecB-like nuclease with
exonuclease activity
homologous to RecB
Cas5 Type I crRNA RAMP protein,
10. Cas6 Type I, III crRNA
expression
RAMP protein, endoribonuclease
involved
in crRNA biogenesis; part of
CASCADE
Cas7 Type I crRNA
expression
RAMP protein, endoribonuclease involved
in
crRNA biogenesis; part of CASCADE
Cas8 Type I crRNA
expression
Large protein with McrA/HNH-nuclease
domain and RuvC-like nuclease;
part of CASCADE
Cas9 Type II
signature
Target
interference
Large multidomain protein with McrA-
HNH
nuclease domain and RuvC-like nuclease
domain; necessary for interference and
target cleavage
Cas10 Type III
signature
crRNA
expressio
n and
HD nuclease domain, palm domain, Zn
ribbon; some homologies with
CASCADE elements
12. Types of CRISPR CAS
system
There arethree types of CRISPR-Cas systems,
which vary in their specific target and
mechanism of action.
Type I systems cleave and degrade DNA,
Type II systems cleave DNA ,
Type III systems cleave DNA or RNA .
13. CRISPR-Cas Defense Mechanism
The CRISPR-Cas mediated defense
process can be divided into three
stages:
The first stage, adaptation, leads to
insertion of new spacers in the CRISPR
locus.
In the second stage, expression, the
system gets ready for action by
expressing the Cas genes and
transcribing the CRISPR into a long
precursor CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA).
The pre-crRNA is subsequently
processed into mature crRNA by Cas
proteins and accessory factors.
In the third and last stage, interference,
target nucleic acid is recognized and
destroyed by the combined action of
crRNA and Cas proteins complex.
15. Advantages of dCas9 modulation of gene expression (CRISPRi)
over RNAi technology
key distinctions between dCas9 and RNAi are that:
(a) dCas9 downregulation of transcripts acts at the DNA level, in
contrast to posttranscriptional regulation by RNAi,
expression,
that are not
(b) dCas9 offers the possibility of upregulating gene
allowing for discovery of gain-of-function phenotypes
possible to obtain with RNAi, and
(c) dCas9 can act on miRNAs and any other genomic region.
17. Feluda: first Desi Covid detector
An indigenously developed test that uses the cutting edge CRISPR gene-
editing technology to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus accurately, cheaply and
quickly.
Feluda is the nickname of a fictional pvt detective in a series of popular
Bengali novels and films written and directed by “Mr. Satyajit Ray”.
Developed by Scientists at council of scientific and industrial research’s
IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology) in Delhi with the
TATA group.
18. Comparision between sgRNA and crRNA-tracrRNA
hetero duplex
Advantages
• Flexible targeting
• Sequence specific
• Efficient
• Precise cleavage
• Affordable
• Quick
• Multiplex guides
Limitation
Cas9 is a large protein
PAM – dependent design limitations
Off –target cleavage
19. Cas9-based tools are a formidable asset for studies in basic
science, biotechnology, and medicine. Cas9-based technologies
are spreading at a remarkable speed that speaks to their simplicity
and efficiency. One outstanding objective is the precise
determination of off-target effects and their consequences.
Although current data seem to indicate that these are not a
major obstacle, a better characterization of Cas9 cleavage is
required before the technology is used in humans.
Ethical considerations are a second outstanding issue
Conclusion