Preservation maintanence and improvement of industrial microorganisms.

1. Hemchndrachary north
Gujarat University, patan
Name: Dubaliya Mejba Mahemud
Roll no: 117
Subject :Preservation, Maintenance
and improvement of
industrial important
Organisam.
Department: Life science-Microbiology
Standard: MSC sem-2

2. INDEX
1.Preservation of industrial organism.
. Introduction.
. Methods.
2.Maintenance of Industrial Organism.
. Introduction
3.improvement of industrial
organisms.
. Introduction

3. INTRODUCTION OF PRESERVATION
 Microbial culture preservation is to maintain a pure culture
for extended periods in a viable conditions, without any
genetic change.
 The aim of culture preservation is to stop the cell division at a
particular stage i.e. to stop microbial growth or at least lower
the growth rate.
 Due to this toxic chemicals are not accumulated and hence
viability of microorganisms is not affected.

4. PRESERVATION METHODS
1.crypreservation
2.Lyophilization
3.Agar slant culture
 1.crypreservation or liduid nitrogen.
 -196°C and -150°C is a reliable method for long-term storage.
To save space in the liquid nitrogen container, bacteria can be
preserved in glass capillaries.

5.  Dense suspension of organism in a medium containing a
cryoprotective agent (prevent cell damage at low temperature)
such as Glycerol, Dimethyl sulfoxide-DMSO is sealed in small
ampoules or vials & stored by immersion in liquid nitrogen at a
temperature of -196°c.
Lyophilization
Is a water removal process typically used to
preserve perishable materials, to extend shelf
life or make the material more convenient for
transport. Lyophilization works by freezing the
material, then reducing the pressure and
adding heat to allow the frozen water in the
material to sublimate.

6.  Agar Slant Cultures
 All microbiology laboratories preserve micro-organisms on
agar slant. The agar slants are inoculated and incubated until
good growthappears.
 They are then covered with sterile mineral oil to a depth of 1
cm abovethe tip of slant surface.The slants are incubated for
24hr or more and are then stored in a refrigerator.
 These cultures are periodically transferred to fresh media.
Transfers are made by removing a loop full of the growth,
touching theloop to the glass surface to drain off excess oil,
inoculating a freshmedium and then preserving the initial
stock culture.
 Time intervals at which the transfers are made which varies
with theorigin and condition of growth.

7.  Introduction
 Maintenance of an industrial organism refers to the systematic and
proactive approach to ensuring the optimal functioning and
longevity of industrial equipment and processes.
 It involves regular inspection, repair, and upkeep to prevent
breakdowns and enhance overall operational efficiency in
industrial processes.

8. Introduction of improvement
 Strain improvement in industrial microorganisms is a vital
aspect of enhancing their performance for various applications.
 For increase in yield of the desired product, medium and
growth conditions should be optimized.
 Medium and growth optimization is having limited effect on
increase in the product due to organism's maximum ability to
synthesize the product which s controlled by its genome.
 Only yield increase is not the criteria for the improvement of
microbes but their stability, resistance to infection, medium
components, non foaming capabilities, tolerance to low oxygen
tension, no undesirable product formation is also taken into
consideration.

9. Methods
1. Mutant selection
2. Recombination
3. Recombination DNA technology.
1. Mutant selection
 A mutation is a sudden and heritable change in the traits of
an organism. Some major mutation can be useful in strain
improvement.
 Some mutations occurred without any specific treatment
are called Spontaneous mutations.
 Some mutations occurred due to treatment with certain
agents called mutagens and are called induced mutations.

10.  Auxotrophic mutant selection:
 Auxotrophic mutant has a defect in
one of its biosynthetic pathways so
that it requires a specific
biochemical for normal growth and
development.
 For example Phe- mutants require
Phenyl alanine for growth, such
mutants of C. glutamicum
accumulate tyrosine.
Selective isolation of mutations

11. 2. Recombination selection
 Recombination may be defined as formation of new gene
combinations among those present in different strains.
 It is used to bring desirable alleles present in two or more strains
in to a single strain to increase product yields or to generate new
products.
 Recombination may be based on:
 A. Sexual reproduction
 B. Parasexual cycle

12. Recombination DNA technology
 Recombinant DNA technology permit the
introduction of specific DNA sequences
(which code for target product) in to
prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms for its
expression.
 By using RDT, We can insert DNA sequence
into the microorganism which code for
desired product so that it start producing
more product than earlier.
 Hence we can improve our strain by
introducing new DNA sequence through
Recombinant DNA technology.