1. Goats are an important source of livelihood and nutrition for small farmers in India. India has the largest population of goats in the world at 148.88 million. 2. Goat farming is less capital intensive than other livestock and goat meat (chevon) and milk production are major contributions to India's agricultural economy. India ranks first globally in goat milk and second in goat meat production. 3. The major states for goat population are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar. Some important native goat breeds found in different regions of India include the Jamunapari, Sirohi, Marwari, Osmanabadi, and

1. S. S. Misra
AG&B Division,
ICAR-CSWRI, Avikanagar

2. Chevon
Fibre
Milk
Skin Manure
Goat - a 5* (multi-utility) animal

3. Indian Goat - strength & opportunities
 Important source of livelihood & nutritional security to small, marginal
& landless farmers
 Goat farming involves less investment compared to other spp.
 Wide acceptance of chevon all over India without any religious/ social
taboo & most preferred after poultry
 148.88 million goat population (27.7% of total India livestock & 13.61%
of World goat) ranking 1st surpassing China (FAOSTAT, 2019)
 34 registered breeds
 1097.91 million kg chevon (13.53% of total Indian meat & 18.37% of World
goat meat)
 6.10 million tonnes milk (3.25% of total Indian milk & 32.59% of world goat
milk)
 India ranks 1st and 2nd in world in goat milk and meat production, resp.
 Chevon + mutton export: 14,128.85 MT; Export value: US$ 90.77 million
 Imp. component of livestock sector contributing 4.1% of Total & 27.4%
of Agri. GVA

4. Trend of Goat population (million no.) in India (1951-2019)
(DAHDF, 2019)
47.20
55.40
60.90
64.60
67.50
75.60
95.25
110.21
115.28
122.72
124.36
140.54
135.17
148.88
292.80
306.60
335.40
344.10
353.60
369.00
419.59
445.29
470.86
485.39
485.00
529.70
512.06
536.76
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
600.00
1951 1956 1961 1966 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2003 2007 2012 2019
Goats Total Livestock
Census 2012 2019 % increase
Total goats
(million no.)
135.17 148.88 10.14

5. State share (%) of goat population (Census, 2019)
(DAHDF, 2019)
20.84
16.28
14.48
12.82
11.06
10.60
9.89
9.12
6.39
6.17
5.52
4.93
4.87
4.32
4.01
1.73
5.85
14.00
10.93
9.73
8.61
7.43 7.12
6.64
6.13
4.29 4.14 3.71 3.31 3.27 2.90 2.69
1.16
3.93
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
%
share
Goat
population
(million)
Goat population % share

6. Percent change in goat population (2012 Vs 2019)

7. 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00 135.17
52.36
(38.74%)
36.46
(26.97%)
15.91
(11.77%)
82.81
(61.26%)
129.08
(95.50%)
6.09
(4.51%)
37.62
(27.83%)
97.56
(72.17%)
20.45
(15.13%)
26.55
(19.64%)
17.17
(12.70%)
71.01
(52.53%)
No.
in
millions
Goat population summary
(2012 census; no. in Millions)
(DAHDF, 2014)

8. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
Black
Bengal
Marwari
Barbari
Jamnapari
Sirohi
Osmanabadi
Jakhrana
Kani
Adu
Malabari
Beetal
Gaddi
Mehsana
Zalawadi
Kutchi
Ganjam
Surti
Gohilwadi
Changthangi
Berari
Sangamneri
Chegu
Attapadi
Black
Konkan
Kanyal
15.28
5.31
4.65
2.89
2.28 2.27
1.07 0.78 0.75 0.53 0.46 0.45 0.39 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.02
%
share
Breed
Breed share (%) of goat population (2012)
(DAHDF, 2014)

9. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 47.31
34.93
53.05
62.80
84.30
100.00
95.93
58.96
76.60
64.02
68.40
40.87
65.88
80.92
85.87
56.05
74.46
85.30
80.92
87.90
59.23
66.63
73.40
52.69
65.07
46.95
37.20
15.70
4.07
41.04
23.40
35.98
31.60
59.13
34.12
19.08
14.13
43.95
25.54
14.70
19.08
12.10
40.77
33.37
26.60
Graded% Pure %
Percent share of pure and graded population of
different goat breeds (2012)
(DAHDF, 2014)

10. State share (%) of non-descript (ND) goat
population (2012)
9.64
8.54
7.54
7.41
7.09
6.91
6.10
5.84
4.40
4.28
15.06
11.65
10.31
9.10 8.95 8.56 8.35
7.36 7.05
5.32 5.17
18.19
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
%
Population
(million)
ND Population (million) % of total ND population

11. (BAHS, 2016, 2019)
4.87
5.51
5.95
6.24
6.69
7.02
7.39
7.66
8.11
0.85
0.91
0.94
0.97
0.91
0.94
1.04
1.04
1.10
17.46
16.50 15.80 15.56
13.60 13.39 14.10 13.62 13.53
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
%
share
Production
(million
tonnes)
Total Meat Chevon % share
Trend of goat meat (chevon) production

12. 24.6
11.37
8.61
7.9
7.16
7.01
5.92
5.68
4.21
2.95
2.54
2.02
1.97
1.41 1.38
1.12
4.14 West Bengal
Maharashtra
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Odisha
Telangana
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Kerala
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Assam
Jammu & Kashmir
Other states/UTs
Contribution (%) of major states in chevon
production (BAHFS, 2019)

13. Top countries Indian goat/sheep meat exported
to (APEDA, 2019-20)
Country
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Qty in MT US$ Mill Qty in MT US$ Mill Qty in MT US$ Mill
UAE 12,619.70 72.39 11,717.29 72.03 9,884.44 63.78
Qatar 2,119.43 12.41 1,896.41 11.64 1,308.37 8.7
Kuwait 1,925.70 11.62 1,779.95 11.13 1,303.50 8.66
Saudi Arabia 4,239.58 27.55 1,849.24 12.29 596.66 3.87
Oman 539.39 3.15 610.38 3.57 443.17 2.58
Maldives 143.48 0.63 223.06 0.99 343.93 1.58
Baharain Is 296.69 1.82 297.19 1.85 227.15 1.51
Seychelles 17.11 0.08 28.42 0.15 14.72 0.07
Others 5.43 0.02 23.06 0.09 6.91 0.02
Total 21,906.51 129.67 18,425.00 113.74 14,128.85 90.77

14. Goat Milk Production and contribution to total milk
production (million tonnes)
(BAHS, 2016, 2019)
4.78
4.95
5.05
5.18
5.38
5.75
6.17
6.10
3.74 3.74
3.67
3.54
3.46 3.48 3.50
3.25
3.00
3.10
3.20
3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70
3.80
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
%
share
Goat
milk
(million
tonnes)
Goat milk % share

15. Share (%) of major states in goat milk
production
(BAHS, 2016, 2019)
34.75
22.36
13.06
5.23
4.07
3.52
2.45
2.25 1.99
1.86 1.69
1.3 1.11 4.36
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Bihar
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Kerala
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Jammu & Kashmir
Punjab
Other state/UTs

16. Fibre (Pashmina) production
 Changthangi and Chegu - two goat breeds which produce the premium
fibre called Pashmina
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43 0.43
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Pashmina
production
(lakh
kg)
Year
(Source: Directorate of sheep husbandry, Kashmir, J & K)

17. Goat breeds of India & their Utility
S. No. Breed Home tract Purpose Accession
number
1 Changthangi
Jammu and
Kashmir
Fibre (Pashmina) &
Meat
INDIA_GOAT_0700
_CHANGTHANGI_0
6005
2 Bhakarwali
Jammu and
Kashmir
Meat and milk INDIA_GOAT_070
0_ BHAKARWALI
_06034
3 Chegu Himachal Pradesh Pashmina & meat
INDIA_GOAT_0600
_CHEGU_06006
4 Gaddi Himachal Pradesh Long fibre & meat
INDIA_GOAT_0600
_GADDI_06007
North temperate region

18. North western arid & semi-arid region
S. No. Breed Home tract Purpose Accession number
1 Barbari UP and Rajasthan Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_2017_BARBARI_06002
2 Beetal Punjab Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_1600_BEETAL_06003
3 Jamunapari UP Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_2000_JAMUNAPARI_06011
4 Pantja Uttarakhand and UP Meat & milk INDIA_GOAT_2420_ PANTJA _06024
5 Bundelkhandi UP and MP Milk & meat NOT REGISTERD
6 Gohilwadi Gujarat Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_0400_GOHILWADI_06009
7 Jakhrana Rajasthan Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_1700_JAKHRANA_06010
8 Kahmi Gujarat Meat & milk INDIA_GOAT_0400_KAHMI_06029
9 Kutchi Gujarat Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_0400_KUTCHI_06013
10 Marwari Rajasthan Milk, meat & hair INDIA_GOAT_1700_MARWARI_06015
11 Mehsana Gujarat Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_0400_MEHSANA_06016
12
Rohilkhandi Uttar Pradesh Meat & milk INDIA_GOAT_2000_ ROHILKHANDI
_06030
13 Sirohi Rajasthan Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_1704_SIROHI _06019
14 Surti Gujarat Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_0400_SURTI_06020
15 Zalawadi Gujarat Milk, meat & hair INDIA_GOAT_0400_ZALAWADI _06021

19. Southern peninsular region
S. No. Breed Home tract Purpose Accession number
1
Attapady
Black
Kerala Meat
INDIA_GOAT_0900_ATTAPADYBLACK_06
001
2 Bidri Karnataka Meat INDIA_GOAT_0800_ BIDRI _06032
3 Kanni Adu Tamilnadu Meat INDIA_GOAT_1800_KANNIADU_06012
4 Malabari Kerala Milk & meat INDIA_GOAT_0900_MALABARI_06014
5 Nandidurga Karnataka Meat INDIA_GOAT_0800_ NANDIDURGA
_06033
6 Osmanabadi Maharashtra Milk & meat
INDIA_GOAT_1100_ OSMANABADI
_06017
7 Sangamneri Maharashtra Milk & meat
INDIA_GOAT_1100_ SANGAMNERI
_06018
8
Konkan
Kanyal
Maharashtra Meat
INDIA_GOAT_1100_ KONKANKANYAL
_06022
9 Berari
Vidarbha,
Maharashtra
Meat INDIA_GOAT_1100_ BERARI _06023
10 Kodi Adu Tamil Nadu Meat INDIA_GOAT_1800_ KODIADU _06026
11 Salem black Tamil Nadu Meat
INDIA_GOAT_1800_ SALEMBLACK
_06027

20. Eastern region
S. No. Breed Home tract Purpose Accession number
1
Black
Bengal
West Bengal
Meat,
Prolificacy
INDIA_GOAT_2100_BLAC
KBENGAL_06004
2 Ganjam Odisha Meat
INDIA_GOAT_1500_GANJ
AM_06008
3 Sumi-Ne Nagaland
Silky fibre,
meat
INDIA_GOAT_1400_
SUMINE _06028
4 Assam Hill Assam
Meat,
Prolificacy
INDIA_GOAT_0213_
ASSAMHILL _06031
5 Teressa
Teressa
island,
Andaman &
Nicobar
Meat
INDIA_GOAT_3300_
TERESSA _06025
6
Andaman
Local
Andaman &
Nicobar
Meat,
Prolificacy
NOT REGISTERD

21. Goat breeds of Rajasthan
Marwari Jakhrana
Sirohi
(http://sapplpp.org) (agtr.ilri.cgiar.org)

22. District wise distribution map
(As per 18th livestock census, 2007)
Marwari goat
Jakhrana goat
Sirohi goat
(Source: Marwari & Jakhrana:
http://sapplpp.org)

23. Geographical Distribution
Breed utility Major areas of distribution
Sirohi
Meat &
milk
Ajmer, Nagaur, Tonk, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Sirohi,
Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara,
Jaipur districts and other areas of Rajasthan,
adjoining regions of northern Gujarat, UP
Jakhrana
Meat &
Milk
Areas around Jakhrana village in Alwar district
of Rajasthan, some parts of Haryana
Marwari
Meat,
Milk &
Fibre
Barmer, Bikaner, Jaislamer, Jalore, Jodhpur,
Nagaur, Pali districts of Western Rajasthan and
adjoining area of northern Gujarat

24. Goat population in Rajasthan
(Breed survey. 2013)
Breed
Population
(million no.)
% Rajasthan Goat % India Goat
Marwari 7.18 33.15 5.31
Sirohi 3.08 14.20 2.28
Jakhrana 1.45 6.68 1.07
(DAHDF, 2014)

25. Sirohi goat
 A compact medium sized breed
 Popular for meat and milk production
 Located mostly in semi-arid region, but adapted to almost
all types of climates
 Body Colour: mostly Brown & Spotted brown with dark,
medium and light shades
 Total population: 3.08 million (DAHDF, 2014)

26. Breeding & Other management practices followed at CSWRI
Flock composition:
 ~300 breedable does & followers
General management
 Semi intensive system (6-8 hrs grazing followed by required amount of conc.
supplementation)
Buck selection & mating:
 Selection based on 9M body weight & dam’s 1st lactation 90 days milk yield
 Hand mating
 Avoidance of close relative mating
(parent-offspring, full-sib, half-sib)
Controlled breeding:
 Major season: May - June
 Minor season: November
Health care:
 Vaccination for ET, PPR and FMD
 Deworming once
 Dipping
 Routine treatment

27. Performance (indicative) of Sirohi Goats
Particul
ars
Birth Wt
(kg)
3 M Wt
(kg)
6 M Wt
(kg)
9 M Wt
(kg)
12 M Wt
(kg)
ADG
0-3m (g)
ADG
3-12m (g)
Adult Wt
(kg)
Overall
mean
(Range)
3.30
(1.50
–
5.00)
14.00
(8.00
–
20.00)
22.00
(12.00
–
30.00)
29.00
(15.00
–
40.00)
34.00
(20.00
–
50.00)
110.00
(50.00
–
180.00)
75.00
(40.00
–
130.00)
45.00
(30.0
-
70.00)
Male 3.50 15.00 25.00 31.00 38.00 125.00 85.00 50.00
Female 3.10 13.00 21.00 26.00 30.00 110.00 67.00 35.00
Growth Performance :
Milk production Performance:
Peak yield (lit) 90d MY (lit) 150d MY (lit) TLMY (lit) LL (day)
1.50
(0.75-2.40)
90.0
(60-125)
115.0
(90-150)
140.0
(60-210)
180.0
(60-210)

28. Particulars Range of values
Tupping % 95-99%
Kidding (A)% >97%
Litter size 1.08 - 1.23
Reproductive performance
108.02
115.10 113.22 115.25 116.28
122.82
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019 (Jan-
Dec)
Kidding Rate (%)

29. Overall Mortality (%)
1.59
4.18 4.15
2.06
3.12
2.23
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019
(Jan-Dec)

30. Breeding & Management strategies for
goats
Selective breeding of established breeds
Grading up of non-descript does with elite bucks
of established breeds in the respective breeding
tracts
Breeding
Management
system
Extensive
Intensive
Semi-intensive

31. Genetic improvement of established
breeds
 Though low producers compared to exotic breeds, indigenous
breeds are best germplasm in the particular low cost input
system prevailing in the respective breeding tract
 Selection and propagation of high producers through selective
breeding
 Earlier & ongoing genetic improvement programmes
played/playing significant role in improving goat production
 Increasing coverage of existing breed improvement
programmes
 Ensuring proper nutritional inputs for ultimate exploitation of
actual potential of breeds

32. Challenges in goat production
 Incomplete exploitation of genetic potential of indigenous breeds leading to
low productivity
 Large population (>61%) of non-descript goats
 Low reproductive efficiency
 Indiscriminate and unplanned cross breeding of well known breeds
 Young age slaughter of prospective breeding animals
 Rapid shrinkage of natural pasture/grazing land
 Climate change effect- shortage of quality feed & fodder availability
 Insufficient veterinary health care (one registered VET per ~20,000 livestock
& poultry as on 2013)
 Lack of awareness about good germplasm (breed) among farmers
 Middle man menace-unorganized marketing
 Negligible interest for use of goat milk
 Fading interest of youth from farming communities for goat farming
 Insufficient organized financial support for improved goat farming
 Rapid conversion of goat producers into traders

33. Opportunities in goat production
 Good genetic resource base:34 registered breeds
 Prolific nature of most breeds
 Low input rearing - less labour intensive, low cost
production
 Family farming/womenfolk managed farming
 Increasing human population with non-vegetarian
preferences> guaranteed market
 Wider acceptance of goat meat
 Unique properties of goat milk
 Commercial farming option