This presentation was Shown on a community gathering in Gulshan Club Dhaka on the eve of the World Osteoporosis Day, 2010.
Prof. Shahiduzzaman was the key note speaker.
New zeland Dairy Milk was the organiser of this Seminar.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and can easily break. It has no symptoms in its early stages and is a public health threat to more than 44 million Americans. In this community lecture given live on our Berkeley Heights, NJ campus, Dr. Toscano-Zukor, explains how to identify your risk factors for osteoporosis as well as prevent and treat this disease.
Know everything about Osteoporosis- prevention and management.
Did You Know?
The incidence of hip fracture is 1 woman to 1 man in India
Know more such facts and useful information on prevention of Osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and can easily break. It has no symptoms in its early stages and is a public health threat to more than 44 million Americans. In this community lecture given live on our Berkeley Heights, NJ campus, Dr. Toscano-Zukor, explains how to identify your risk factors for osteoporosis as well as prevent and treat this disease.
Know everything about Osteoporosis- prevention and management.
Did You Know?
The incidence of hip fracture is 1 woman to 1 man in India
Know more such facts and useful information on prevention of Osteoporosis.
Join Dr. Joy Wu as she discusses the potential therapeutic approaches to age-related bone loss.
Osteoporosis is one of the most common degenerative diseases of aging. Half of adult women and one-quarter of adult men can expect to sustain an osteoporosis-related fracture. While current approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis can lower the risk of fracture, there is still no cure. In this webinar, Dr. Wu reviews the pathophysiology of bone loss with aging, in particular the imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. She discusses stem cell sources of osteoblasts, anabolic signaling pathways, and targeting inflammation and senescence.
Key Topics Include:
- Describe how bone formation and resorption are coupled and regulate bone mass
- Describe factors that contribute to aging-related bone loss
- Discuss benefits and limitations of current osteoporosis therapies
Definition of Osteoporosis - Prevalence - Risk factors for Osteoporosis - Diagnosis of Osteoporosis - Clinical manifestations- Laboratory investigations - DEXA - T and Z score - Management of Osteoporosis - Prevention
According to National Osteoporosis Foundation in 2015, Osteoporosis was estimated to affect 75million people in Europe, USA and Japan and 200 million women worldwide. In this article, the role of calcium and vitamin D in bone building has been explained and has provided the relevant approaches in diagnosis of suspected cases of Osteoporosis.
Join Dr. Joy Wu as she discusses the potential therapeutic approaches to age-related bone loss.
Osteoporosis is one of the most common degenerative diseases of aging. Half of adult women and one-quarter of adult men can expect to sustain an osteoporosis-related fracture. While current approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis can lower the risk of fracture, there is still no cure. In this webinar, Dr. Wu reviews the pathophysiology of bone loss with aging, in particular the imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. She discusses stem cell sources of osteoblasts, anabolic signaling pathways, and targeting inflammation and senescence.
Key Topics Include:
- Describe how bone formation and resorption are coupled and regulate bone mass
- Describe factors that contribute to aging-related bone loss
- Discuss benefits and limitations of current osteoporosis therapies
Definition of Osteoporosis - Prevalence - Risk factors for Osteoporosis - Diagnosis of Osteoporosis - Clinical manifestations- Laboratory investigations - DEXA - T and Z score - Management of Osteoporosis - Prevention
According to National Osteoporosis Foundation in 2015, Osteoporosis was estimated to affect 75million people in Europe, USA and Japan and 200 million women worldwide. In this article, the role of calcium and vitamin D in bone building has been explained and has provided the relevant approaches in diagnosis of suspected cases of Osteoporosis.
This presentation aim is to provide general awareness of Osteoporosis disease specially in India for general public, students and anyone who is interested to know about; What Osteoporosis is? What are the Risk Factors, Cases of Osteoporosis in Worldwide as well as in India, Prevention.
This presentation includes four major topics:
1- reviews the essentials of osteoporosis including definition, pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology, and prognosis
2- talks about the presentation of osteoporosis, including risk factors, symptoms and signs, radiologic manifestations, and complications
3- reviews the workup process to diagnose and define the severity of osteoporosis, including the lab. and radiologic procedures
4- reviews management tools of osteoporosis, including pharmacologic and non pharmacologic methods, with brief description for each pharmacologic or non pharmacologic tool.
Finally, some statements about the education and prevention of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them more susceptible to sudden and unexpected fractures.
The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain, and is not found until bones fracture. You can take steps to prevent this disease, and treatments do exist.
The word ‘osteoporosis’ means ‘porous bone.’ It is a disease that weakens bones, and if you have it, you are at a greater risk for sudden and unexpected bone fractures.
Osteoporosis means that you have less bone mass and strength. The disease often develops without any symptoms or pain, and it is usually not discovered until the weakened bones cause painful fractures.
Most of these are fractures of the hip, wrist and spine.
Oss pro (Asma Saleem product Manager Neutro Pharma)Asma Saleem
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures the density of minerals (such as calcium) in your bones using a special X-ray or scan. Bone (BMD) is related to bone strength
Amputation is of the common surgical procedure done in the ER. This is also common in various routine cases. This presentation covers various aspects of amputation including steps of below knee amputation. The background has been changed from the previous one to hide the brutality of this procedure.
This is a lecture presentation on applying external fixator on open fracture specially on tibia. This method is a classical method. Various new and dynamic fixators are there but the basics are the same.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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7. Definition
National Osteoporosis Foundation:
“a disease characterized by low bone mass an
micro-architectural deterioration of bone
tissue, leading to bone fragility and an
increased susceptibility to fractures.”
8. Osteoporosis
Definition:
It is a disease where
• decrease in the density of bone
• decreasing its strength and
• resulting in fragile bones.
11. Composition of bone
Bone has both Organic and Inorganic
components
Organic part - consists mainly of protein
collagen & specialized cells called
osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes
Inorganic part - consists mainly of calcium
phosphate.
22. Worldwide, over age of 50
1 in 3 women / 1 in 8 men have osteoporosis.
80 % of those suffering from osteoporosis are women.
Affects 75 million persons in the US, Europe and Japan.
Osteoporosis is responsible for 1.3 millions fractures each
year in usa.
Prevalence…
23. Prevalence…
Approximately 1 in 2 women and 1 in 4 men over
age 50 will have an osteoporosis related fracture
in their remaining lifetime.
25. Risk factors
Being Female
With the onset of
menopause (mid-forties
or fifties), diminishing
estrogen levels lead to
excessive bone
resorption that is not
fully compensated by
an increase in bone
formation
26. “Forty is the old age of youth,
fifty is the youth of old age. “
Risk factors…
Older age
27. • Being female
• Older age
• Family history of osteoporosis.
• History of broken bones
• Low sex hormones
– Low estrogen levels in women, including
menopause
– Missing periods (amenorrhea)
– Low levels of testosterone in male.
Risk factors…
28. • Diet
– Low calcium intake
– Low vitamin D intake
– Excessive intake of protein,
sodium and caffeine
• Inactive lifestyle
• Smoking , Alcohol abuse
Risk factors…
29. • Certain medications
– steroid, anticonvulsants etc
• Certain diseases
– anorexia nervosa, rheumatoid arthritis,
gastrointestinal diseases and others
Risk factors…
33. • Vertebral (spinal) fractures may
initially be felt or seen in the form of
• Persistent, unexplained back pain
• Loss of height
• Spinal deformities such as
kyphosis or stooped posture.
Presentations…
34. Diagnosis
• Bone mineral density (BMD) tests can measure bone
density in various sites of the body.
• BMD test is done to diagnose and predict fracture risk
and to monitor therapy.
• For patients on pharmacotherapy, it is typically performed
2 years after initiating therapy and every 2 years
thereafter; however, more frequent testing may be
warranted in certain clinical situations.
36. Complications
FRACTURE ,
The most serious complication of
Osteoporosis that leads to
Increased morbidity
Increased mortality
Decreased quality of life
37. Complications…
• Women with hip fracture are at a fourfold
greater risk of a second one.
• 1 in 4 (25%) people die within a year of the
fracture
•1 in 4 become disabled
• 2 of the 4 can walk again but with lower mobility
than before.
• Many become isolated and depressed.
40. • Prevent further bone loss
• Increase or at least stabilize bone density.
• Relieve pain and prevent fracture.
• Increase level of physical functioning
• Increase quality of life
Goals of management
43. Page 43
Decrease
Fracture
Risk
Lifestyle
Modifications
Minimizing factors that
contribute to falls
Modification of risk
factors (diet, exercise)
NAMS Position Statement. Menopause. 2006;13:340-367.
Heaney, RP. Bone. 2003;33:457-465.
Siris ES, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:1013-1022.
Therapeutic
Interventions
Slowing/stopping
bone loss
Maintaining or
increasing bone
density and strength
Maintaining or
improving bone
microarchitecture
Improving medication
adherence
44. Pharmacologic management
Supplements
such as which maintain bone mass Calcium, Vitamin D
Anti-resorptive agents
which inhibit bone resorption eg. Bisphosphonates
Anabolic agents,
which stimulate bone formation and, in turn, increase
bone mass.
45. Hormone replacement Therapy
• For many years, HRT was the only therapeutic available
for the management of osteoporosis.
• HRT patients were found to be at a significantly
increased risk of
• Breast cancer
• Coronary heart disease
• Stroke and embolism
• HRT is no more considered as the first-line therapy for
the management of osteoporosis/osteoporotic fracture
46. Calcium and Vitamin D
• Adequate calcium intake helps to
achieve a high peak bone mass
during early adulthood and can
slow bone loss later in life.
• Although calcium
supplementation is beneficial, it
is not sufficient to treat patients
with osteoporosis.
• Vitamin D supplements confers
benefits on bone mass and
fracture incidence. Vitamin D is
often combined with calcium for
patients at risk of osteoporosis.
47. Calcium and Vitamin D
•As a general rule, intake of 400 IU – 800 IU of Vitamin D
and 1000 - 1500 mg calcium remains an important part of
a healthy diet for women and men
49. Prevention of complications
•Exercise/activity programs to improve strength and
endurance
•Gait training
•Awareness creation to prevent slipping
•Regular medical check-up
•Treat medical conditions, e.g., as postural
hypotension, anemia, dementia
•Alarm systems, assistive devices
55. Be active
Being active really
helps our bones by :
• slowing bone loss
• improving muscle strength
• helping your balance
56. • Building strong bones in childhood and adolescence,
best defense
• A balanced diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D
• Weight bearing exercise
• Avoidance of tobacco smoking and
excessive alcohol intake
• Bone density testing and medication
when appropriate.
Editor's Notes
In considering the patient with risk for osteoporotic fracture, review of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions provide a holistic approach.
Lifestyle modifications1,2
Minimizing factors that contribute to falls: According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), falls may reflect impaired balance and neuromuscular weakness. Increased strength training may mitigate future falls and risk for low trauma fracture. In addition, the NOF recommends developing strategies for fall prevention.
Modification of risk factors: Risk factors that may be modifiable include tobacco and excessive alcohol use, low calcium and vitamin D intake, low endogenous estrogen, and low physical activity.
Therapeutic Interventions3-5
Improving Medication Adherence: Medication adherence with treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, including weekly oral bisphosphonates, is low. A recent study associated decreased adherence to bisphosphonates with increased risk for osteoporotic fracture.
Bone microarchitecture and bone density are key components of bone strength and therefore important to mitigate fracture risk.
Slowing/stopping bone loss: Antiresorptive therapies, such as alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid, and raloxifene, work by decreasing bone remodeling, thus permitting preservation of existing bone. In contrast, teriparatide increases new bone formation.
NAMS Position Statement. Menopause. 2006;13:340-367.
National Osteoporosis Foundation. Available at: www.nof.org. Accessed July 15, 2007.
Heaney, RP. Bone. 2003;33:457-465.
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis. JAMA. 2001;285:785-795.
Siris ES, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:1013-1022.