Prof. Muhammad Aslam from the Department of ObGyn at LGH Lahore discusses osteoporosis and its prevention through nutrition. Osteoporosis causes millions of fractures annually worldwide and leads to disability and death for many elderly. Key nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K play important roles in bone health and fracture prevention. Maintaining sufficient intake of these nutrients through diet and supplements can help attain peak bone mass and protect against osteoporosis and fractures later in life.

1. Role of nutrition in prevention
Prof. Muhammad Aslam
Department of ObGyn
LGH, Lahore

2.  Osteoporosis causes more than 8.9
million fractures annually worldwide
 Lifetime risk for fracture ~ 30%-40%
 Osteoporosis causes elderly people to
become bedridden with serious
complications
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3.  20% of people >60 who fracture a hip,
die within six months to one year
 50% become dependent on family
 Only 30% regain their Independence
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4.  Metabolic bone disease characterized
by low bone mass and micro-
architectural deterioration of bone
tissue, leading to enhanced bone
fragility and a consequent increase in
fracture risk
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5. Normal bone Osteoporotic bone
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6. Normal bone Osteoporotic bone
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8. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA-Scan)
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9. T Score Diagnosis
+1 to -1 Normal Bones
-1 to -2.5 Osteopenia
-2.5 or lower Osteoporosis
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10.  Attainment of peak bone mass ~
during growth and early adulthood
 Maintaining bone mass ~ in adulthood
 Loss of bone mass ~ with advancing
age
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11.  Genetic
 Endocrine
 Mechanical
 Nutritional
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12.  Ca is the most abundant mineral in
the body
 99% of Ca is located within the bones
and teeth
 It supports structural integrity &
regulates metabolic function
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13.  Vit D is critical for Ca absorption ~
increases Ca absorption by 30-80%
 Vitamin D stimulates bone matrix
formation and bone maturation
 It also enhances osteoclastic activity
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14.  About 15-20 minutes of sunlight a day
 Vit D is found in fish oils and species
of fish e.g. salmon, tuna, sardines
 Many milk products, margarines and
breakfast cereals are fortified with
vitamin D
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15.  Recently published studies suggest a
key role for vitamin K nutrition for
optimisation of bone health
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16.  The prevention of osteoporosis is
essential for the maintenance of
health, quality of life, and
independence in elderly population
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17.  Diet rich in Calcium & Vit. D
 Ca & Vit. D taken as a supplement
 1000 mg Ca/day (premenopausal) &
1200mg Ca/day (menopausal)
 Vit. D 800 IU/day (menopausal) & 600
IU/day (premenopausal)
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18.  Yogurt
 Milk
 Cheese
 Cereal
 Whole grains
 Leafy green vegetables
 Sardines & Salmon
 Molasses
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19.  Strength-Training has a profound
effect of strengthening bones
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23.  Alendronate (Fosamax®)
 Risedronate (Actonel®)
 Raloxifene (Evista®)
 HRT
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24.  Good evidence to support the effects
of nutrition on the skeleton
 Ca and vit D are key nutrients for
bone health ~ effective strategies for
fracture prevention in the elderly
 Evidence has emerged for a role of vit
K in bone health. Further data are
urgently required
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