Spleen and Liver Injuries
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The spleen arises in the embryo and is located in the left hypochondrium between the stomach and diaphragm along the 10th rib. It filters blood, destroys old red blood cells, stores platelets, and mounts immune responses to antigens. Plain radiographs can detect the spleen as a soft tissue shadow while ultrasound and CT scans provide information about its size, shape, and consistency. Radioisotope scans determine position and size when other imaging is inconclusive.
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Foregut
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Midgut
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This document provides information on thyroid cancer and the thyroid gland. It discusses the anatomy of the thyroid gland and its blood supply. It describes the different types of thyroid cancer such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and Hurthle cell carcinoma. It covers the pathology, risk factors, diagnostic process, treatment options, and prognosis for each cancer type. The main treatment approaches discussed are surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and TSH suppression.
Tracheo oesophageal fistula
This document discusses tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), which is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. Key points include:
- TEF occurs in about 1 in 3500 births and is more common in males, prematurity, and those with associated cardiac anomalies.
- Risk factors include young or elderly mothers, multiple births, and Trisomy 18.
- Symptoms include excessive drooling, coughing/choking/cyanosis during feeding as fluid returns through the mouth and nose.
- Diagnosis can be made prenatally via ultrasound or fetal MRI, or postnatally via x-ray, bronchoscopy, or inability to pass a nasogastric
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Ilizarov External fixator
The document summarizes a lecture on the Ilizarov external fixator. It discusses the history of its invention by Professor Gavril Ilizarov in Russia in the 1950s. It outlines the principles of distraction osteogenesis and details the components, application procedure, post-operative care, rehabilitation and removal of the Ilizarov fixator. Key indications for its use include limb lengthening, deformity correction, infected non-unions, and congenital pseudarthrosis. The document concludes with experiences using the Ilizarov technique at EMCH, including cases of infected non-unions and complex fractures.
Sports in bangladesh
This document discusses the traditional and modern sports played in Bangladesh. It notes several traditional rural sports still played as well as kabaddi being the only traditional international sport. It outlines cricket as the most popular modern sport and football also being popular. It provides details on Bangladesh's participation in Olympics, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, South Asian Games, and Special Olympics, achieving several gold medals in cricket, shooting, football and other events. It also mentions the role of girls in sports and Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan being the national sports school.
Amputation in Surgery
Amputation is of the common surgical procedure done in the ER. This is also common in various routine cases. This presentation covers various aspects of amputation including steps of below knee amputation. The background has been changed from the previous one to hide the brutality of this procedure.
Mipo
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is a new technics in Bangladesh. This presentation is for Annual BOSCON Conference, 2011
Orthopaedics in bangladesh
Bangladesh has over 143 million people and orthopaedics is a growing field with over 600 postgraduate orthopaedic surgeons. The National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation is a 500 bed tertiary hospital and orthopaedic training includes diploma, masters, and fellowship programs while international courses bring global expertise to Bangladesh on topics like joint replacement surgery, spine surgery, pediatric orthopaedics techniques, and trauma care.
External fixator
This is a lecture presentation on applying external fixator on open fracture specially on tibia. This method is a classical method. Various new and dynamic fixators are there but the basics are the same.
Non Union
This presentation was prepared for a AOSEC course in Chittagong, Bangladesh. This course was organized by AO Foundation.
General principles of fractures
1. General Principles of Fractures discusses the different types of fractures including closed/simple, open/compound, incomplete, complete, displaced, undisplaced, linear, comminuted, and atypical fractures.
2. Fractures are classified based on their extent and fracture pattern. Clinical features include pain, swelling, deformity, and inability to use the affected part. Investigations include radiography and CT/MRI scans.
3. Management of fractures includes closed reduction techniques like casting or open reduction with internal fixation using plates, screws, nails or wires depending on the fracture type. The goal is to restore normal anatomy and prevent long-term disability.
Dislocation
Dislocation occurs when a joint is displaced and the supporting ligaments and joint capsule are disrupted. There are different types including congenital, acquired, traumatic, and pathological dislocations. The most common joints that dislocate are the shoulder, hip, elbow, fingers, and cervical facet joints. Investigations include x-rays from different angles and sometimes CT scans. Management involves reducing acute dislocations promptly through closed reduction under anesthesia if possible to avoid complications like nerve damage, recurrent dislocations, and arthritis. Different techniques are used for reducing specific joints like the shoulder, hip, and fingers. Immobilization after reduction helps prevent recurrence.
Uttara Adhunik Medical college & Hospital
This presentation is designed for a visit by the people of BCPS for their requirement in approving training.
Openfracture
This document discusses the principles of operative fracture management for open fractures. It defines open fracture classifications according to the Gustilo system and outlines approaches for emergency assessment, wound excision and debridement, antibiotic therapy, wound management, soft tissue coverage, fracture stabilization, and rehabilitation. The key goals are to prevent infection, promote soft tissue and bone healing without complications, and restore function of the injured extremity.
Dont bend to Osteoporosis
This presentation was Shown on a community gathering in Gulshan Club Dhaka on the eve of the World Osteoporosis Day, 2010.
Prof. Shahiduzzaman was the key note speaker.
New zeland Dairy Milk was the organiser of this Seminar.
Osteoporosis
1) The document discusses osteoporosis, including the challenges it presents, its prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, complications, management principles, and treatment goals.
2) Key points include that osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to fragility and increased risk of fractures. It affects millions worldwide, with over 50% of women and 20% of men experiencing fractures due to osteoporosis in their lifetimes.
3) Diagnosis involves bone mineral density tests to measure bone density and predict fracture risk. Treatment aims to prevent further bone loss and fractures, relieve pain and deformities, and improve quality of life.
Paediatric fracture
Prof. Muhammad Shahiduzzaman discusses fractures in pediatric patients. He notes that 60% of the population in Bangladesh is under 20 years old, and fractures account for 15% of injuries in children. Fracture patterns differ from adults due to children having stronger ligaments, more cartilage, and growth plates that allow for remodeling. Common fractures include buckle fractures, greenstick fractures, and Salter-Harris fractures of the physis. Treatment depends on the fracture type but often involves closed reduction and casting, with surgery reserved for more complex cases. Children generally heal faster than adults from fractures.
conservative management of simple fractures
Dr. Abdullah-Al-Mamun
Resident, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Dhaka Medical College
01716135120
Amputation
Amputation is the complete removal of an injured or deformed body part. It has been performed since ancient times, often crudely without anesthesia to treat war injuries. Modern amputation techniques focus on debriding nonviable tissue, preventing neuroma formation, achieving hemostasis and wound closure. Postoperative management aims for prompt healing while controlling pain, edema and preventing contractures through rehabilitation and sometimes prosthetics.
Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a common medical problem caused by bleeding peptic ulcers, portal hypertension, gastritis, and esophageal varices. Initial assessment and management goals are to assess circulatory status, replace blood loss, determine bleeding rate and amount, and discover the underlying lesion. Specific treatments depend on the cause, and may include endoscopic hemostasis, medical management with H2 antagonists or PPIs, surgical treatment, or management of portal hypertension.
Department of Surgery, SSH and BKZMC
The document provides a history of Shaheed Suhrawardy Hospital and Begum Khaleda Zia Medical College in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It details that the hospital was established in 1963 and was later expanded. A medical college was added to the campus in 2006. The Department of Surgery has modern operating theaters, post-operative wards, and provides training to doctors and medical students through clinical programs and examinations. Support services like pathology, radiology, and anesthesia are available to aid patient care.
Neoplasm of Large Intestine
This preparetion was prepared for Prof. Feroze Quder on the eve of 21st Feb for a class for the undergraduate medical students.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Spleen and Liver Injuries
- 2. Spleen Spleen and Liver injuries. The Spleen: The spleen arises from mesenchymal differentiation along the dorsal mesogasrium in the 8 mm embryo. Situation- in the left hypochondrium between fundus of the stomach & diaphragm along the axis of 10 th rib, from 9 th to 11 th rib. it is in contact with adrenal gland, upper pole of kidny, pancreas & splenic flexure of kidney. Weight- 75-150 gm
- 3. Spleen Spleen and Liver injuries. plain radiograph: spleen is seen as a soft tissue shadow at upper abdomen. calcification suggests old infarct/hydatid cyst. multiple CALCIFICATIONS suggests tuberculosis. Scanning USG: provieds about the information of size, consistency & shape ct scan is very much helpful where usg is not conclusive radio isotope scanning : gives information about posiion & size. portal & splenic venogram.
- 4. Spleen and Liver Injuries