Donnan membane effect.pptx
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This document presents information about the Donnan membrane effect and Donnan membrane equilibrium. It defines the Donnan membrane effect as occurring when diffusible solutes become unequally distributed between two compartments separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and electrolytes but impermeable to one ion species. It was discovered by Fredrick Donnan in 1911. The document then explains that the Donnan membrane equilibrium is reached when this distribution is balanced by diffusion, resulting in equal osmotic pressure but unequal ion concentrations. It derives the equation for Donnan membrane equilibrium and discusses its significance in biological systems like red blood cells, artificial kidneys, and industrial processes like tanning leather.
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Donnan membane effect.pptx
- 2. Presented to- Dr. Md. Shahadat Hossain Associate Professor Department of Chemistry Comilla University Presented By- Abdulla Al Noman Mieazi Id-119140030 Session-2018-19 Department of Chemistry Comilla University Presentation on-The Donnan-Membrane Effect 𝑹−
- 3. DEFINATION- If diffusible solutes are separated by a membrane that is freely permeable to water and electrolytes but totally impermeable to one species of ion, the diffusible solutes become unequally distributed between the two compartments. • Discovered by Fredrick Donnan 1911. The Donnan-Membrane Effect
- 4. Donnan-Membrane Equilibrium- The Donnan membrane equilibrium is the state of balance that is reached after the Donnan membrane effect has occurred, where the unequal distribution of ions is balanced by the diffusion of ions across the membrane, resulting in equal osmotic pressure but unequal concentrations of non-diffusible ions.
- 9. Derive an equation for Donnan Membrane Equilibrium- According to thermodynamics, at equilibrium the chemical potential of identical species present on both the sides of membrane must be same.The chemical potential (μ) is given by equation, μ = μ𝟎 + RT Ina Where μ𝟎 is the standard chemical potential and a is the activity of the species. μNaCI(1) = μNaCI(2) μ𝟎 NaCl(1) + 𝑹𝑻 Ina NaCl(1) = μ𝟎 NaCl(2) + 𝑹𝑻 Ina NaCl(2) 0r, a NaCl(1) = a NaCl (2) So, 𝒂𝑵𝒂(𝟏)× 𝒂𝑪𝒍(𝟏)= 𝒂𝑵𝒂(𝟐)× 𝒂𝑪𝒍(𝟐) Donnan-Membrane Equilibrium-
- 10. If the solution is very dilute, the activities can be replaced by molar concentration So, [Na(l)][Cl(l)] = [Na(2)][Cl(2)] Substituting the respective concentrations, (𝑪𝟏 − X) (𝑪𝟏 −X) = (C₂ + X) (X) 𝒐𝒓, 𝑪𝟏 𝟐 − 𝟐𝑿𝑪𝟏+𝑿𝟐=X𝑪𝟐 + 𝑿𝟐 𝒐𝒓, 𝑪𝟏 𝟐 − 𝟐𝑿𝑪𝟏= X𝑪𝟐 𝒐𝒓, 𝑪𝟏 𝟐 = X(𝑪𝟐+ 𝟐𝑪𝟏) 𝒐𝒓, 𝑿 𝑪𝟏 = 𝑪𝟏 (𝑪𝟐+ 𝟐𝑪𝟏) 𝒐𝒓, 𝑪𝟏 𝟐 =X(𝑪𝟐 + 𝟐𝑪𝟏) 𝒔𝒐, 𝑿 𝑪𝟏 = 𝑪𝟏 (𝑪𝟐+𝟐𝑪𝟏) Donnan-Membrane Equilibrium-
- 11. The term 𝑿 𝑪𝟏 is the fraction of total NaCl that diffuses across the membrane (i.e. from LHS to RHS). To have the concentration of NaCl same on both the sides of membrane, the condition to be maintained is 𝑿 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟐 The concentration differences due to Donnan equilibrium are useful to account for the swelling of certain gels for difficulties in osmotic pressure measurements on protein solutions, for the establishment of potential differences across membranes etc. Donnan-Membrane Equilibrium-
- 12. Significance of Donnan Equilibrium- Biological systems The distribution of ions between RBC and surrounding plasma Artificial kidney Tanning of leather Dyeing of animal fibres by acid dyes