The document summarizes and compares a domestic refrigerator and a compressorless refrigerator. It discusses how domestic refrigerators use refrigerants like CFCs that harm the ozone layer and contribute to global warming. However, a compressorless refrigerator uses thermoelectric modules instead of a compressor and refrigerants. It has fewer parts, is more reliable, and does not produce harmful gases. By using renewable energy sources like solar panels, a compressorless refrigerator can provide cooling without negatively impacting the environment.

1. RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
AZAMGARH
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2016-17
Seminar based on “Domestic Refrigerator vs Compressorless Refrigerator”
Submitted to-
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by-
Sachin Kumar
Mechanical Engineering
Roll no.-1373640046

2. CONTENTS-
Introduction
Components of domestic refrigerator
What is refrigerant?
Environmental effects of refrigerant
What is ozone layer?
Ozone layer depletion
Ozone layer depletion(chemical reactions)
Concept of compressorless refrigerator
Components of Solar powered compressorless refrigerator
Advantages of Compressorless refrigerator over domestic refrigerator
Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION
A refrigerator is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated
compartment & a heat pump that transfer heat from the inside of the fridge to its external
environment.
Refrigerator uses now a days operated by electricity & generation of electricity is the leading
cause of industrial air pollution in the country.
So this project is intended at the development of solar powered compressorless refrigerator.
This refrigerator contains thermoelectric module instead of using compressor & any type of
working fluid.
This refrigerator will be suitable for cooling purposes meant for small objects and will have a
relatively small chilling time as compared to the normal refrigeration systems.
Refrigerator uses in present times having refrigerant consisting of harmful CFCs which are
primarily responsible for Ozone Layer Depletion.

4. Components of Domestic Refrigerator
Working Fluid or Refrigerant
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Expansion valve

5. What is Refrigerant??
Refrigerants are used as working substances in a Refrigeration
systems.
Fluids suitable for refrigeration purposes can be classified into
primary and secondary refrigerants.
Primary refrigerants are those fluids, which are used directly as
working fluids, for example in vapour compression and vapour
absorption refrigeration systems.
These fluids provide refrigeration by undergoing a phase change
process in the evaporator.
Secondary refrigerants are those liquids, which are used for
transporting thermal energy from one location to other.
Secondary refrigerants are also known under the name brines or
antifreezes.

6. Environmental Effects of Refrigerant
 Global warming--
Refrigerants directly contributing to global warming when released to the
atmosphere.
 Indirect contribution based on the energy consumption of among others
the compressors ( CO2 produced by power stations ).
 Causes Ozone Layer Depletion.

7. What is Ozone Layer ??
 Ozone is an isotope of oxygen with three atoms instead of normal two. It is
naturally occurring gas which is created by high energy radiation from the Sun.
 The greatest concentration of ozone are found from 12 km to 50 km above the
earth forming a layer in the stratosphere which is called the ozone layer.
 This layer, which forms a semi-permeable blanket, protects the earth by reducing
the intensity of harmful ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun.
Ozone Layer Depletion
 In the early70’s,scientists Sherwood Roland and Mario Molina at the University of
California at Irvine were the first to discover the loss of ozone in stratosphere while
investigating the ozone layer from highflying aircraft and spacecraft.
 They postulated the theory that exceptionally stable chlorine containing
fluorocarbons could, overtime, migrate to the upper reaches of the atmosphere and
be broken by the intense radiation and release chlorine atoms responsible for
catalytic ozone depletion.

8. Ozone Layer Depletion(chemical reactions)
 N0RMAL REACTION
O2 = O + O
O2 + O = O3
 But CFC refrigerants leaked during the manufacturing and normal operation or at
the time of servicing or repair, mix with surrounding air and rise to troposphere
and then into stratosphere due to normal wind or storm. The Ultraviolet rays act on
CFC releasing Cl atom, which retards the normal reaction:
 RETARDED REACTION
O3 = O2 + O
CCL2F2 = CCLF2 + CL
O3 + CL = CLO + O2
O + CLO = CL + O2

9. Harmful Consequences of Ozone Layer Depletion
 For Humans…….Increase in--
• Skin cancer
• Blindness
• Cataracts
Less immunity to--
• Infectious diseases
• Malaria
• Herpes
 For plants…….
• Smaller size
• Lower yield
• Increased toxicity
• Altered form
 For marine life…….Reduced---
• Plankton
• Juvenile fish
• Larval crabs and shrimps

10. Concept of compressorless refrigerator
 TE devices or modules are based on the phenomenon of conversion of thermal
energy (temperature gradient) into electrical energy, referred to as Seebeck
effect and the reverse effect i.e. conversion of electrical energy into thermal
energy or temperature gradient referred to as the Peltier effect.
 The solid junction (evaporator surface) becomes cold through absorption of
energy by the electrons as they pass from the low energy level to the high
energy level.
 The compressor is replaced by a DC power source that pumps the electrons
from one semiconductor to another one.
 A heat sink replaces the conventional condenser fins, discharging the
accumulated heat from the system.

11. Components of Solar Powered Compressorless Refrigerator
 Power devices:
• Battery
• Solar Panel
• Charge Controller
 Heat dissipating devices:
• Peltier Module
• Fins
• Fan
 Wooden Box

12. Advantages of Compressorless Refrigerator over Domestic
Refrigerator
 Reduced size and weight compared to the absorption cycle system and
compressor system.
 Reliable solid state cooling with no sound, vibrations or electromagnetic
radiation.
 Peltier modules can be cascaded to produce temperature differences between the
hot side and the cold side of more than 64°C.
 It is possible to produce cooling effect from renewable energy sources without
producing harm gases e.g.(CFCs,CO2).
 Less maintenance required because of not having any moving or reciprocating
part.

13. Conclusion
 Concluding all, we know that electricity generation is the leading cause of
industrial air and water pollution so replacing the power sources by solar panel
and battery can be helpful in reduction of industrial pollution.
 Domestic refrigerator uses refrigerant for cooling but refrigerants are cause of
production of CFCs and harmful gases which is responsible for Ozone layer
depletion by replacing refrigerant from peltier module will reduce effect on
ozone layer.

14. References
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.slideshare.net
 www.scribd.com
 www.thermoelectriccooler.com