Topics to be Covered Refrigeration Using solar Energy Introduction Solar PV Based Refrigeration Solar Absorption Refrigeration Energy Storage Systems Battery Phase Change Materials Solar Refrigeration System Model Studies Solar powered refrigerator with Thermal Energy Storage Solar Direct Drive Refrigerator for Vaccine Storage

1. PCM Based Solar Refrigeration
Shah Vishvesh N.
U14ME193

2. Topics to be Covered
 Refrigeration Using solar Energy
– Introduction
– Solar PV Based Refrigeration
– Solar Absorption Refrigeration
 Energy Storage Systems
– Battery
– Phase Change Materials
 Solar Refrigeration System Model Studies
– Solar powered refrigerator with Thermal Energy Storage
– Solar Direct Drive Refrigerator for Vaccine Storage

3. Refrigeration Using Solar Energy
 The declination in the availability of fossil fuels
 Deterioration of the environment.
 One of the growing industry is refrigeration and air
conditioning
 Essential for the increase shell life of fruits, vegetables
and to store certain medicines and vaccines
 Refrigerators can be more effective if supported by
coolness storage.

4. Introduction
 Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of
energy.
 Power from the sun intercepted by the earth is
approximately 1.8 ×10^11 MW
 Cleaner than most of the conventional energy sources.
 An option to meet the ever increasing energy demand.
 Refrigeration and air conditioning systems are among
the most suitable fields for the application of solar
energy.

5. Types of Solar Refrigeration
Systems
1. Photovoltaic operated refrigeration system
2. Solar mechanical refrigeration
3. Solar Absorption refrigeration

6. Photovoltaic operated refrigeration
system
Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic operated refrigeration system

7. Solar mechanical refrigeration
Schematic diagram of a solar mechanical vapour compression refrigeration

8. Solar Absorption refrigeration
Schematic diagram of a solar absorption refrigeration system

9. Advantages of Solar Refrigeration
 Significant amount of electrical power is saved
 It also causes less pollution
 The solar energy is available in every part of
the world
 Renewable in nature
 Low maintenance cost

10. Improvements Required
 Solar radiation is not available throughout the
day
 Power production is not uniform
 Solar radiation flux rarely exceeds 1 kWh/m2
and the maximum radiation flux over a day is
about 6 kWh/m2.
 Need of bigger space for the collector
 Need of Efficient Storage for Continuous
Operation

11. Energy Storage Systems
 Batteries
– Chemical energy to electrical energy by means of
oxidation-reduction reactions
– Used as a backup in PV systems during the non-
sunshine period
– Share of the batteries in the total PV system cost is
almost 20-40%,
– Requires regular maintenance
– Small Life due to small no. of cycles

12. Thermal Energy Storage
1. Sensible
Heat
2. Latent
Heat

13. Phase Change Materials
 Store and release thermal energy during the
process of melting & freezing
 Releases large amounts of energy in the form
of latent heat of fusion
 Available in any required temperature range
from -5ºC up to190ºC
 Store 5 to 14 times more heat than
conventional storage materials such as water,
masonry or rock.

14. Working of PCM
Principle of phase Change Material

15. Classification of PCM

16. PCM and Their Melting Energy

17. PCM Solar Refrigeration Objectives
 Provide Refrigerator in Off Grid Rural Area
 Provide Back Up Storage System at Night
Time where electricity is not available
 Provide efficient Transportation for Perishable
Items
 Supply chain of Vaccine and Medicines
required to be stored at low temperature in
Rural areas

18. PV based Refrigerator without PCM

19. PV based Refrigerator with Ice gel
packs as PCM

20. Effect of PCM with Refrigerator Off

21. Results and Discussion
 Backup up to 16 18hour and it can maintain‐ ‐
temperature about 10˚C 15˚C‐
 Estimation cost of project is about Rs. 36,149/ .‐
 Compare this project with (D.G sets) capacity
of 0.75KW priced at Rs 30K
 Payback comes in One Year
 Total CO2 Reduced in one year = 750 Kg

22. Direct Drive Solar Vaccine Storage
 Batteries have a short lifetime of 3 to 5 years
 Better to use DC Compressor with Direct PV
output
 Different Solutions with Storage with PCM for
several days are commercially available
 It uses the sun’s energy to freeze water or other
PCM
 Uses the cooling from PCM to keep the refrigerator
cold during the night and cloudy days.

23. Difference between battery-based and
Direct-drive solar Refrigerators

24. Working Model At Place

25. Field Experience with Direct Drive
Refrigerators
 Project Optimize, a
collaboration between
WHO and PATH, is
helping national
immunization
programs prepare for
the future.
 In Vietnam and
Senegal, it worked
with the respective
national immunization
programs to evaluate
direct-drive vaccine
refrigerators

26. Future Scopes

27. Results
 Combined data from 11 units, the monitored
temperature is in the target range of 2°C to 8°C
for nearly 99 percent of the cumulative time
 Experience has shown that solar direct-drive
refrigerators are a viable solution for areas
lacking consistent electricity

28. Conclusion
 Use of PCM show that there is a great potential, but
also number of difficulties
 Wide range of different PCM are available for different
temperature Ranges
 Products available for on grid as well as off grid Solar
driven Refrigerators for critical application like Vaccine
Storage in Rural Areas
 Their performance is constantly improving
 Proper use of phase change materials for Refrigeration
gives possibility of reducing the power consumption
and CO2 emission

29. Thank You