2. DNA virus
DNA viruses have a deoxyribonucleic acid genome. Both dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) and
ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) viruses are possible. The deoxyribonucleic acid is split into two
strands in dsDNA viruses. It is only one strand of DNA in ssDNA. DsDNA and ssDNA nearly
share the same transcriptional process.
Everywhere, but notably in the marine ecology, DNA viruses are found. They also attack both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Poxviruses, Herpesviruses, and Papillomaviruses are a few examples.
RNA virus
RNA viruses have ribonucleic acid as their genome. Additionally, they can be divided into dsRNA
and ssRNA. There are several hosts for the dsRNA, including bacteria, animals, fungi, and people.
When compared to DNA viruses, RNA viruses often have a higher rate of mutation. It is also
challenging to develop vaccinations that are effective against them due to their genetic variety.
DNA vs. RNA Virus
Viruses are contagious agents that need the presence of the host cell to proliferate. The major
methods of survival for viruses include entering the host cell, replicating, and avoiding the body's
defensive mechanism.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is the main carrier of genetic information needed for
all living things to operate and develop. In the nucleus, it is located. Deoxyribose, a sugar found
in DNA, is typically found in pairs with other molecules that are double-stranded and have lengthy
nucleotide chains. The small channel of this double-stranded polymer makes it tough for damaging
enzymes to enter.
In DNA viruses, viral DNA is integrated in a manner similar to how the host would have done it
naturally. The virus will selectively embed the genetic code into the host DNA membrane before
duplication takes place with the aid of RNA polymerase. In the nucleus, replication typically takes
place. The host cell membrane splits as a result of the viruses being formed during the lytic phase,
releasing the new viruses. DNA has a reduced level of mutation because DNA polymerase refines
the DNA. They are powerful intracellular parasites that link heartlessly to host-related changes. At
the transcriptional level, DNA virus specificity is frequently determined. Because these viruses are
persistent, vaccinations continue to be effective over time.
A vital function of RNA, also known as ribonucleic acid, is the translation of the genetic
information from DNA into protein molecules. It is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It
typically has a single strand and shorter nucleotide chains. Ribose is the current sugar. A number
of RNA viruses inject RNA into the host cell instead of using the DNA host for decoding and
duplication. Here, DNA serves as a template for an RNA virus, which subsequently uses it to
produce viral proteins. Some RNA viruses incorporate transcriptases, which convert RNA viruses
to DNA viruses and interact with the host DNA. The process of replicating DNA comes next.
Typically, cytoplasm is where replication takes place. Changes in the genetic coding of viruses are
mostly brought about through mutation. Because RNA. polymerase more likely to make mistakes,
3. the prevalence of RNA mutation is greater. They replace the protein covering that can fool the
immune system and are unstable.
References:
Domingo, E., Escarmís, C., Sevilla, N., Moya, A., Elena, S. F., Quer, J., ... & Holland, J. J. (1996).
Basic concepts in RNA virus evolution. The FASEB Journal, 10(8), 859-864.
Holmes, E. C. (2009). RNA virus genomics: a world of possibilities. The Journal of clinical
investigation, 119(9), 2488-2495.
https://imb.uq.edu.au/article/2020/04/difference-between-bacteria-and-viruses
