This document provides an introduction to control systems. It defines key terms like feedback, open loop and closed loop systems. It also gives examples of control systems used in various engineering fields like mechanical, electrical and aeronautical systems. Specific examples covered include a car speed control system, liquid level control system, robotic arm control and temperature control system. Each example identifies the main components of the system like the controller, plant, input and output. The document concludes by outlining the typical design process for a control system from defining requirements to testing the physical system.
in modern world, work which are done by humans are now that places are taken by machines. control system are essential to understand how they work. this is basic of control system and also with the example.
in modern world, work which are done by humans are now that places are taken by machines. control system are essential to understand how they work. this is basic of control system and also with the example.
This presentation contains,
i. Basics of Control Systems,
ii. Wind Turbine Controls
iii. Basics about Wind Farm and Control
iv. Wind Turbine Gearbox
v. Wind Turbine Generator
vi. Grids
Basic Components of a control system, Feedback and its effect, Types of feedback control Systems, Block diagrams: representation and reduction, Signal Flow Graphs, Modeling of Physical Systems: Electrical Networks and Mechanical Systems, Force-voltage analogy, Force-current analogy.
" Microprocessor control offers improved accuracy , efficiency and versatility because of its high speed reasons , programmability and computational ability. "
Comparative Analysis of Pso-Pid and Hu-PidIJERA Editor
PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems. PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically. PID control is used at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the set points to the controllers at the lower level. The PID controller can thus be said to be the “bread and butter‟ of power system engineering. It is an important component in every control engineer‟s tool box. PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits. The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller
Types of Controllers
Process control_ mechatronics engineering.
Control system is a combination of various elements connected as a unit to direct or regulate itself or any other system in order to provide a specific output is known as a Control system.
Components of a Control System
1.Controlled process: The part of the system which requires controlling is known as a controlled process.
2. Controller: The internal or external element of the system that controls the process is known as the controller.
3. Input: For every system to provide a specific result, some excitation signal must be provided. This signal is usually given through an external source. So, the externally provided signal for the desired operation is known as input.
TYPES OF DISTURBANCE:
1.an internal disturbance is generated within the system. 2.an external disturbance is generated outside the system and is an input.
Types of Control System:
1.Open loop control systems in this control system the
output is neither measured nor fed back for comparison
with the input.
2.Closed loop control systems in this control system the
actuating error signal, which is the difference between
the input signal and the feedback signal, is fed to the
controller so as to reduce the error and bring the output
of the system to a desired value.
PID
The PID control scheme is named after its three correcting terms, whose constitutes the manipulated variable (MV). The proportional, integral, and derivative terms are summed to calculate the output of the PID controller.
contents:
Ziegler-Nichols Closed-loop method.
Instrument Symbols.
continuous-mode controllers.
Proportional controller.
Derivative controller and another.
created by :Anaseem Alhanni.
University :Al- Balqa' Applied University (BAU).
The presentation gives you the basics of Programmable logic controller(PLC) and its use in industrial Automation along with
Supervisory control and Data Acquisition(SCADA).
contact for any info "nikhilbrahmas@gmail.com"
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
This presentation contains,
i. Basics of Control Systems,
ii. Wind Turbine Controls
iii. Basics about Wind Farm and Control
iv. Wind Turbine Gearbox
v. Wind Turbine Generator
vi. Grids
Basic Components of a control system, Feedback and its effect, Types of feedback control Systems, Block diagrams: representation and reduction, Signal Flow Graphs, Modeling of Physical Systems: Electrical Networks and Mechanical Systems, Force-voltage analogy, Force-current analogy.
" Microprocessor control offers improved accuracy , efficiency and versatility because of its high speed reasons , programmability and computational ability. "
Comparative Analysis of Pso-Pid and Hu-PidIJERA Editor
PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems. PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically. PID control is used at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the set points to the controllers at the lower level. The PID controller can thus be said to be the “bread and butter‟ of power system engineering. It is an important component in every control engineer‟s tool box. PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits. The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller
Types of Controllers
Process control_ mechatronics engineering.
Control system is a combination of various elements connected as a unit to direct or regulate itself or any other system in order to provide a specific output is known as a Control system.
Components of a Control System
1.Controlled process: The part of the system which requires controlling is known as a controlled process.
2. Controller: The internal or external element of the system that controls the process is known as the controller.
3. Input: For every system to provide a specific result, some excitation signal must be provided. This signal is usually given through an external source. So, the externally provided signal for the desired operation is known as input.
TYPES OF DISTURBANCE:
1.an internal disturbance is generated within the system. 2.an external disturbance is generated outside the system and is an input.
Types of Control System:
1.Open loop control systems in this control system the
output is neither measured nor fed back for comparison
with the input.
2.Closed loop control systems in this control system the
actuating error signal, which is the difference between
the input signal and the feedback signal, is fed to the
controller so as to reduce the error and bring the output
of the system to a desired value.
PID
The PID control scheme is named after its three correcting terms, whose constitutes the manipulated variable (MV). The proportional, integral, and derivative terms are summed to calculate the output of the PID controller.
contents:
Ziegler-Nichols Closed-loop method.
Instrument Symbols.
continuous-mode controllers.
Proportional controller.
Derivative controller and another.
created by :Anaseem Alhanni.
University :Al- Balqa' Applied University (BAU).
The presentation gives you the basics of Programmable logic controller(PLC) and its use in industrial Automation along with
Supervisory control and Data Acquisition(SCADA).
contact for any info "nikhilbrahmas@gmail.com"
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Define the general
terms in control
system
Recognize the
elements of
control system
Describe the
differences of
open loop and
closed control
system
JJ2023 DMR40323 3
At the end of this chapter, student should be able to:
List the
advantages of
control system
Describe some
examples of
control system
4. ENGINEERING AND
NON-ENGINEERING
FIELDS
Use : To achieve the increase of productivity and
improved performance of production system
Control Engineer : Responsible to plan and design an
entire automatic or process control system
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Electrical
Aeronautical
Chemical
Mechanical
Nuclear
Economics
Management
biomedical
Biological
others
5. CLASSIFICATION CONTROL SYSTEM
Nature Control System
Created by Almighty God
(human body immunization)
Automatic Control System
Created by human
(auto pilot flight operation, satellite system, space
shuttle, robotic system
Combination Between Nature and
Automatic Control System
(car driven by human)
JJ2023 DMR40323 5
6. 1.1 GENERAL TERMS OF CONTROL SYSTEM
Control System
A system that consist of subsystems and processes assembled for purposes of control the output
of process
Interconnection of components forming a system configuration that will provide a desired
response
Automatic Control System
A control system that is self regulating or self control without human intervention
Process Control System
An automatic regulating system in which the output is a variable such as temperature, pressure,
flow, liquid level or ph is called process control system
Feedback control system
A system that maintains a prescribed relationship between the output and input by comparing
them and using the difference
JJ2023 DMR40323 6
Disturbance
a signal that tends to adversely affect the value of the output of the system
7. Controlled Variable
The quantity or condition that is measured and controlled. Normally controlled variable is the
output of the system
Manipulated Variable
The quantity or condition that is varied by the controller so as affect the value of the controlled variable
Plants
A piece of equipment/set of a machine functioning together, which perform a particular operation
Process
Progressively continuously operation that consists of a series of controlled action to achieve a
particular result
JJ2023 DMR40323 7
Systems
A combination of components that act together and perform a certain objective
Servo Systems
Is a feedback control system in which the output is some mechanical position, velocity or
acceleration
8. 1.2 ELEMENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES OF CONTROL SYSTEM
INPUT / STIMULUS / ACTUATING SIGNAL
CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
PROCESS
OUTPUT OF CONTROL SYSTEM
output / controlled variable
THE PURPOSE
• to get the output of the system as per desired input
• to control the outputs in some prescribed manner by the inputs
through the elements of the control system.
JJ2023 DMR40323 8
9. 1.3 CONTROL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
OPEN LOOP
▪ Control system in which the control or regulating action is independent of the output where output has no effect on the control action.
▪ A system operates without feedback and directly generates the output in response to an input signal.
▪ The output of open loop control system is not compared with the reference input
JJ2023 DMR40323 9
Process / Plant
Input
reference / set point
Output
controlled variable
Controller
Function to drives
the process or
plant.
10. OPEN LOOP
ADVANTAGES
• Simple construction
• Easy maintenance
• No stability problem
• Convenient when output is hard
to measured & not economy to
produced
DISADVANTAGES
• The output may different from
desired input if there is calibration
error causes by disturbance/changes
• Re-calibration is required from time
to time to maintain the required
output
JJ2023 DMR40323 10
11. CONTROL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
CLOSED LOOP
• A control system in which the
control action is influence by the
output where the actual output is
feedback to the desired input or
reference for comparison.
• A system that uses a
measurement of the output and
compares it with desired input
JJ2023 DMR40323 11
Process /
Plant
Desired Input Actual Output
Controller
Output
Transducer /
Sensor
measurement device to measure
the controlled variable/ actual
output response
feedback
path
Summing
Junction
Error / actuating signal
Make corrective action and drive
the process to desired output
12. CLOSED LOOP
ADVANTAGES
• greater accuracy
• less sensitive to noise and
disturbances
• convenient control of transient
response and steady state error
DISADVANTAGES
• more complex and expensive
• stability problem
• higher cost
JJ2023 DMR40323 12
13. THE DIFFERENCE
between closed loop control system and open loop control system
Open Loop Control System
• Does not have the feedback path
• Low accuracy
• Sensitive to noise, disturbances
and changes in the environment
• The system cannot compensate
and correct disturbance
• Simple and inexpensive
Closed Control System
• Have the feedback path
• Greater accuracy
• Less sensitive to noise, disturbances
and changes in the environment
• The system can compare the output
response with the input and make a
correction if there is any difference
• Complex and expensive
JJ2023 DMR40323 13
VS
14. ADVANTAGES OF CONTROL SYSTEM
❑ Power Amplification – Control system can produce the needed
power for amplification called as power gain such as huge radar
antenna is positioned by low-power rotation of small knob
❑ Remote Control – Control system useful in remote or dangerous
location such as remote-controlled robot used to handle radioactive
material
❑ Convenience of Input Form – Control system used to provide
convenience by changing the form of input
❑ Compensation For Disturbances – Control System Able To
Compensate Disturbances In Order To Achieve The Correct Output
15. EXAMPLES OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
JJ2023 DMR40323 15
CAR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM
ROBOTIC ARM CONTROL SYSTEM
TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM
16. THE DESIGN PROCESS
TRANSFORM
REQUIREMENTS INTO
A PHYSICAL SYSTEM
DRAW A
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
DIAGRAM
TRANSFORM THE PHYSICAL
SYSTEM INTO A SCHEMATIC
STEP 1
CHAPTER 1, 3
ANALYZE, DESIGN AND TEST
TO SEE THAT REQUIREMENTS
AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE MET
IF MULTIPLE BLOCKS, REDUCE
THE BLOCK DIAGRAM TO A
SINGLE BLOCK OR CLOSED
LOOP SYSTEM
USE THE SCHEMATIC TO
OBTAIN A BLOCK DIAGRAM,
SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM, OR
STATE SPACE
REPRESENTATION
JJ2023 DMR40323 16
STEP 2
CHAPTER 1, 2
STEP 3
CHAPTER 1,3
STEP 4 CHAPTER 2
STEP 5 CHAPTER 2
STEP 6 CHAPTER 4,5,6,7
17. CAR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
JJ2023 DMR2023 17
The car speed is controlled by pressed or
depressed the accelerator pedal, which is,
controls the fuel quantity to car engine
Desired Speed
Transducer
Plant
Actual Speed
Controller
(human driver)
(car engine)
(speedometer)
Set point Output
Actuator
(pedal)
18. IDENTIFIED
JJ2023 DMR40323 18
Process/plant :
Controller :
Sensor/ Transducer:
Input reference :
Controlled Variable :
Manipulated Variable :
▪ The controller(driver) measures the car speed through speedometer.
▪ When the speed of the car exceed than desire speed, the driver will depress the
accelerator pedal to slow down the car.
▪ The car speed control is classified as closed loop or feedback control system.
Car engine
Driver
Speedometer
Desired Speed ( Exp : 110 km/h)
Actual speed
Fuel quantity
19. LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM
JJ2023 DMR2023 19
The objective of this control system is
to maintain/control the liquid level in
the tank at desire value
Plant
Desired Level Actual Level
Controller
Transducer
(liquid tank)
(level sensor)
Set point Output
Actuator
(control valve)
error signal
20. IDENTIFIED
JJ2023 DMR40323 20
Process/plant :
Sensor/ Transducer:
Input reference :
Controlled Variable :
Manipulated Variable :
Liquid Tank
Lever sensor
Desired level ( Exp : 5 m high)
Liquid level
Liquid flow
▪ The fluid level in the tank can be controlled by changing /manipulating the water flow into the
tank
▪ The differences between input reference & output signal will generate an error signal.
▪ If the actual level is lower than desired level, the controller will open the control valve to allow a
higher flow rate into the tank.
▪ If the actual level is higher than desired level, the control valve turn close to reduce the inflow
rate
21. ROBOTIC ARM CONTROL SYSTEM
JJ2023 DMR2023 21
The industrial robot task is pick, move and
place parts from one station to another
station by pattern recognition process
Plant
Desired pattern Work Station
Controller
Transducer
(robotic arm)
(vision sensor)
Set point Output
Actuator
(computerized)
22. IDENTIFIED
JJ2023 DMR40323 22
Process/plant :
Sensor/ Transducer:
Input reference :
Controlled Variable :
Manipulated Variable :
▪ The vision sensor act as a feedback element.
▪ It recognizes the pattern and determines the presence and orientation of the part or object.
▪ The vision signal then is feedback into computerized controller to actuate the robotic arm.
▪ Bar code reading is one of an example of the pattern recognition process.
▪ Then the robot will pick up the part and place it at the work station for work process.
Robotic arm
Vision sensor
Desired pattern
Pattern/bar code
Part Recognition /line/
barcode
23. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM
JJ2023 DMR2023 23
Plant
Furnace
Desired
Temperature Heat
Controller
Transducer
(Thermocouple)
Set point Output
Actuator
(computerized)
24. IDENTIFIED
JJ2023 DMR40323 24
Process/plant :
Sensor/ Transducer:
Input reference :
Controlled Variable :
Manipulated Variable :
▪ Thermometer(sensor) to measure the temperature in electric furnace.
▪ The analog signal from thermometer than converted into digital signal by A/D converter and fed into
digital controller in computer through interface module.
▪ The actual temperature then compare with input temperature.
▪ If any error occurs, the digital controller sends a signal to the heater through an interface module,
amplifier, and relay to bring the temperature of electric furnace to desired value.
Furnace
Thermocouple
Desired Temperature
Temperature
Current / Heating element
25. THANK YOU
Muhammad Fairuz Bin Muhammad
Nasir
019 6600 013
fairuz.nasir@kuantan.kktm.edu.my
JJ2023 DMR40323 25