Diabetic control
55 year old male with t2DM for 5 years and history of ischemic stroke 3 years ago
BMI 29, HbA1 8.5%
Current medication: metformin 3 g/d, glibenlamide 20 mg/d, pioglitazone 30 mg/d
53. Effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic mechanisms Thiazolidinediones monocyte subendothelial transmigration glycemia triglycerides HDL FFA BP PAI-1 oxidative stress VSMC migration and proliferation LDL
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58. INTRALUMINAL BRUSH BORDER CELL TRANSPORT Maltose Amylase Maltose Maltotriose Dextrin Maltase Maltase Dextrinase GLUCOSE Glucose Fructose Sucrase Sucrose Active Transport Active Transport Passive Transport Acarbose Volglibose INTESTINE
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60. Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs Differ by Mode of Action and Results GI=gastrointestinal. Adapted from Nathan DM. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1342-1349. Class Main Actions Typical HbA 1c Reduction in % Insulin secretagogues (sulphonylureas, glinides) Potentiate insulin secretion 1.0-2.0 Biguanides (metformin) Inhibit hepatic glucose production 1.0-2.0 Thiazolidinediones Enhance insulin action at liver, fat, and muscle 0.5-1.0 -Glucosidase inhibitors Delay GI absorption of carbohydrates 0.5-1.0
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63. Insulin Time Action Curves Relative Insulin Effect Time (Hours) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Long (Glargine) Intermediate (NPH) Short (Regular) Rapid (Lispro, Aspart)
64. Normal Insulin Secretion Serum insulin (mU/L) Time (Hours) Meal Meal Meal Basal Insulin Needs Bolus insulin needs
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67. Sites for Insulin Administration From My Insulin Plan, International Diabetes Center, 2001