DLN - Erica and Michael
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The document compares and contrasts the structures and functions of plant leaves from different environments. Hydrophytic leaves have reduced vascular tissue and stomata only on the upper surface. Mesophytic leaves have well-developed vascular tissue to transport water from the roots. Xerophytic leaves adapted to arid conditions have thicker epidermis and cuticles, and sunken stomata to reduce water loss.
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This document outlines the content covered in a biology paper, including: cells and their organelles; eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; specialized animal and plant cells; the nucleus and DNA; stem cells and microscopes; transport in and out of cells through diffusion; levels of organization from cells to organisms; organization of cells in the digestive system and enzymes involved in digestion; and required practical experiments. The levels of organization are cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism. The human digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion in a series of organs like the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
cell ebrate science.pptx
This document provides an overview of cell theory and cellular organization. It states that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The four kingdoms of eukaryotes are listed as Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. Details are given about the structures and functions of organelles in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles. The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are explained through word equations listing the reactants and products.
Chapter 2 cells 2011
The document discusses cells and their structures. It describes the key parts of animal and plant cells, including the nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall, and vacuoles. It compares the structures of specialized cell types like root hair cells, xylem cells, and red blood cells and how their structures relate to their functions of absorption, transport, and oxygen carrying respectively. The document also discusses how cells combine to form tissues, organs, and systems to carry out specialized functions in multicellular organisms.
Animal kingdom
This document provides an overview of animal classification. It discusses that animals are classified based on fundamental features like cell arrangement, body symmetry, presence of coelom, and patterns of organ systems. The key levels of organization from cellular to organ systems are described. Important characteristics used for classification, like symmetry, diploblastic/triploblastic nature, presence of coelom, segmentation, and notochord, are defined. Finally, the major animal phyla are introduced, with 1-2 defining features provided for each.
9th Grade Biology.pdf
The document provides information on cell biology, plant and animal tissues, classification of living organisms, causes of disease, and improving food resources. It discusses the key parts and functions of plant and animal cells. It describes the four main types of tissues in plants and animals and provides examples. It outlines the five kingdom system of classification proposed by Whittaker and provides details on each kingdom. It discusses various causes of diseases including infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. It also discusses how antibiotics work and don't work against certain infections. Finally, it covers factors that influence crop production and methods used in variety improvement to enhance food resources.
Biologi grade7
The document discusses the key characteristics of fungi, plants, and animal cells. It provides details on the structures and organelles found within these eukaryotic cell types, including their cell walls, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and means of reproduction. Major differences highlighted include fungi having cell walls containing chitin, plants having cell walls containing cellulose and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and animal cells lacking cell walls.
Invertebrates (Plant Kingdom) complete
1) The document discusses the classification of animals based on key distinguishing features like their digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproduction type, and fertilization and development features.
2) It provides an overview of 12 animal phyla - Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata. For each it summarizes their key distinguishing characteristics.
3) It also discusses broader classification features like symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, and notochord that are used to classify animals.
Animal Kingdom phylum Detail
This document provides information on the classification of animals based on key characteristics like their digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproduction type, and fertilization and development features. It discusses 14 animal phyla - Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata, and provides details on their defining features. The document also covers topics like symmetry in animals, body cavities, segmentation, and notochord.
(A) Investigating Cells
This document provides information about the structure and function of different types of cells, including animal, plant, and human cells. It describes the key organelles found in typical animal and plant cells, such as the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It also discusses specific cell types like amoebas, paramecium, vorticella, yeast, bone, blood, sperm, nerve, epidermis, guard, mesophyll, xylem, and phloem cells, outlining their distinguishing characteristics and roles.
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2. morphology, general characteristics and biology of plant pathogenic nematodes
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DLN - Erica and Michael
- 1. Michael Mossaad Erica Borden
- 3. Algal Cells Measurement Cell 1 0.116 mm Cell 2 0.162 mm Cell 3 0.0861 mm Average 0.1214 mm
- 4. Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell Wall
- 6. Cyanobacteria Measurements Cell 1 0.00672 mm Cell 2 0.00362 mm Cell 3 0.00387 mm Average 0.00474 mm
- 10. Chloroplast Cytoplasm Cell wall 0.055mm
- 12. 0.00915 mm Cell membrane Cytoplasm Bacteria (dark spots) Nucleus
- 17. Flagella Cell membrane
- 19. Cilia Food Vacuole Oral Groove
- 21. pseudopodia pseudopodia Cell membrane Food vacuole
- 24. Glassy (Silica) Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplast
- 25. volvox Green algae Euglena
- 30. Osculum
- 31. Mouth/Anus Tentacles Epidermis Gastrovascular cavity
- 34. Body Advances Sponges Cnidaria Symmetry Absent Radial Digestive System Absent Gastrovascular Cavity Support Endoskeleton Hydrostatic Skeleton Nervous System Absent Nerve Net Tissues Absent Present Germ Layers Absent Two
- 36. Eye Spots Auricle * Pharynx and gastrovascular cavity not visible
- 38. Epidermis Pharnyx & Gastrovascular Cavity
- 41. Clitellum Segments Setae not visible
- 42. Epidermis Longitudinal Cells Circular Muscles Gastrovascular Cavity Digestive tract
- 45. Digestive Tract Cuticle Muscle Reproductive structures
- 46. Digestive tract *Reproductive Structures: not shown
- 48. Annelids move forward by using peristaltic contractions of the circular muscle and turn by contracting the longitudinal muscles. Roundworms move using a thick layer of obliquely arranged muscle fibers just under epidermis, they lack circular muscles so motion is always undulatory. Annelid Roundworm Body cavity Coelom Pseudocoelom Segmentation Present Absent Circulatory System Closed Absent Excretory System Metanephridia Excretory gland cells Nervous System Brain, ventral nerve cord Brain, nerve cord
- 51. Exoskeleton Legs Segments (13)
- 53. Exoskeleton Legs Segments (3)
- 57. Head Mouth parts segments exoskeleton
- 59. Stomach Radial canal Ring canal (underneath stomach) ampullae
- 60. Tube Feet
- 61. madreporite
- 64. Mycelium Culture Medium Sporangia
- 66. Mating Strain Hyphae Zygospore Sporangia
- 70. Fungal Hyphae Top of Lichen Algal Cells
- 71. Ascus and spores ascocarp
- 73. gills
- 75. hyphae
- 80. Stem Leaves Hyaline Cells
- 81. Epidermis Vascular Bundle Photosynthetic Cells Guard Cells
- 82. Guard Cell Epidermal Cell
- 83. Vascular Bundle Guard Cells Air Spaces
- 85. Epidermis Guard Cells Vascular Bundle Photosynthetic Cells
- 86. Stomata/Guard Cells Vascular Bundle Epidermis Photosynthetic Cells
- 93. Pollen Grain
- 94. Ovule Scale
- 95. Seed Coat Embryo Food Supply
- 97. Anther Petal Pollen Grain
- 98. Ovary Ovule
- 99. Outer shell from ovary Skin from ovule
- 100. Embyonic leaves (plumule) Embyonic root (radicle) Stored food (cotyledons)