Climate and weather data to manage associated risks across the agricultural l...DianneDormer1
This presentation was prepared for peer review as part of the fulfillment of the World Bank training on Data For Better Lives 2021. The presentation outlined the successes of a pilot program using climate services to manage risk in the agricultural sector. The second portion explored opportunities for establishing an integrated data management system to support climate and disaster risks planning across key socio-economic sectors. I hope there are lessons for all readers to apply similar thought process in your respective countries and where applicable provide feedback to strengthen this proposal. To get the full effects please view in ppt online or the web version.
Thank you,
Dianne Dormer
In between the obvious risks from crop failures and livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the retail level, are food security issues and risks that run through the entire food supply chain. Because there are so many interconnected threads in food security, it is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire picture.
DRM Webinar I: Governing and managing disaster risk in the agriculture sectorFAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
The webinar covers:
• Institutional capacity development for DRM for resilience, food security and nutrition
• Mainstreaming DRM in agriculture sector planning
• Linking planning and capacity development for DRM, resilience and climate change adaptation (CCA)
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
DRM Webinar II: Governing and managing disaster risk in the agriculture secto...FAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
This webinar covered:
• Monitoring risk in agriculture - the Agriculture Stress Index System
• Damage and loss from disasters on agriculture and food security - recent data and the new SFDRR monitoring mechanism - indicator C2
Climate and weather data to manage associated risks across the agricultural l...DianneDormer1
This presentation was prepared for peer review as part of the fulfillment of the World Bank training on Data For Better Lives 2021. The presentation outlined the successes of a pilot program using climate services to manage risk in the agricultural sector. The second portion explored opportunities for establishing an integrated data management system to support climate and disaster risks planning across key socio-economic sectors. I hope there are lessons for all readers to apply similar thought process in your respective countries and where applicable provide feedback to strengthen this proposal. To get the full effects please view in ppt online or the web version.
Thank you,
Dianne Dormer
In between the obvious risks from crop failures and livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the retail level, are food security issues and risks that run through the entire food supply chain. Because there are so many interconnected threads in food security, it is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire picture.
DRM Webinar I: Governing and managing disaster risk in the agriculture sectorFAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
The webinar covers:
• Institutional capacity development for DRM for resilience, food security and nutrition
• Mainstreaming DRM in agriculture sector planning
• Linking planning and capacity development for DRM, resilience and climate change adaptation (CCA)
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
DRM Webinar II: Governing and managing disaster risk in the agriculture secto...FAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
This webinar covered:
• Monitoring risk in agriculture - the Agriculture Stress Index System
• Damage and loss from disasters on agriculture and food security - recent data and the new SFDRR monitoring mechanism - indicator C2
Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate RiskMark Trexler
Electric utilities are a key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and have been thinking about climate change and climate policy longer than any other sector. This presentation to the Executive Committee of an electric utility in North America walks through the key issues and questions in developing an effective risk management strategy.
2. Climate risk management in Laos PDRLittle Daisy
1) The document discusses climate risk management in Lao PDR, where agriculture is important but vulnerable to climate change.
2) It summarizes future climate scenarios that could impact crop production, including increased rainfall and temperatures.
3) Methods are described to characterize climate variability and how it limits crop yields through impacts on water availability and soil nutrients.
4) Climate risk management techniques for farmers are discussed, including developing crop calendars and monthly/weekly climate advisories to help minimize risks under seasonal climate variation.
Crop and tree diversification can help smallholders manage climate risk by reducing the overall risk to their production. At the farm level, diversification provides risk management and microclimate improvement. At the landscape level, it reduces pest and disease pressures and regulates local climates. Developing diversification strategies with local stakeholders and relevant parties is a priority action area. Institutional support is also needed to incentivize diversification and ensure its long-term success. Research should explore optimal landscape structures and how diversification at this scale impacts pest control and climate regulation.
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This session will cover risk and risk management, defining these terms and describing typical risks in adaptation projects. The session will also cover the role of the private sector in risk management, and how to encourage private sector involvement to ensure sustainability of the project. This session will contribute to the overall development of a toolbox which will enable the participants to develop a plan for moving from project concept to bankable proposal. By the end of this session, participants will be able to use the risk management tool to analyze a sample project so as to improve its efficiency and sustainability.
o OBJECTIVE 1: Participants will utilize basic risk management tools
o OBJECTIVE 2: Participants will understand basic principles of risk allocation and the roles of the public and private sector in risk management
Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security CCAFS CIATCIAT
CCAFS aims to help agriculture and food systems adapt to and mitigate climate change through research. It has 4 themes: 1) adaptation to progressive climate change through technologies, practices and policies; 2) adaptation through managing climate risk at farm and food system levels; 3) pro-poor climate change mitigation; and 4) integration for decision making. Research is conducted in 3 focus regions - Indo-Gangetic Plains, West Africa, and East Africa - home to over 1 billion people dependent on agriculture. The goals are to close yield gaps, develop new adaptation strategies, and enable supportive policies and institutions from farm to national levels to strengthen food security under climate change.
Barriers to adoption: policy & institutional arrangements to support CSAFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
By Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Presented on 25 October 2013 at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU). Watch the recording at http://youtu.be/krBoz2uLUV8
Presented by Andy Jarvis (CCAFS-CIAT, Theme Leader Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change) at the Seminar on CRP7: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), ILRI, Nairobi, 12 May 2011.
Provides an overview of the CCAFS-CGIAR Research Program with introductions to the themes and horizon for exciting multi-centre science.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. As the concentration of greenhouse gases rises, crop suitability and yields are already changing, threatening food security. To meet growing demands, food production will need to increase by 60-70% by 2050. Left unchecked, climate change could result in 20% more malnourished children by 2050. The document outlines the research objectives and activities of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) to help adapt agriculture to climate change and reduce poverty through low-carbon pathways.
Building Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Climate Change in Africa: Building ...SIANI
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
The document discusses linking early warning systems to Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) through a pilot project. The project provided PSNP households with weather forecasts so they could adjust agricultural practices and reduce climate risks. Results showed households changed planting dates, varieties, and labor use, improving food availability and security. The summary concludes the pilot demonstrated linking early warning systems enhanced food security and resilience, and should be expanded to more households.
Climate Change Impacts and Household Vulnerability of Rainfed Farming Systems...ICRISAT
Rainfed agriculture plays an important role in the livelihoods of rural households in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT), which occupies about 55% (86 M ha) of net sown area and produces 40% of total foodgrain. Rainfed farming systems are highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate variability and change. There is a need to minimize this risk and uncertainty to sustainably increase food production. A systems approach with multidimensional assessments can best assess the impact of climate change on agriculture production systems, household level income and poverty.
Martien van Nieuwkoop
Policy Seminar
Discussion on the Key Findings of FAO’s 2018 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report
Oct 10, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EDT
Presentation made in CIP (Lima) on a vision for climate smart crops in 2030, focussing on potato. Presented in the Global Crop Diversity Trust and CIP organised meeting on "Expert consultation workshop on the use of crop wild relatives for pre-breeding in potato".
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...FAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
This webinar covered:
• measuring the benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in agriculture – approaches, methods and findings from FAO’s preliminary study;
• a case study from Uganda on how the agricultural practices for disaster risk reduction were implemented and monitored at farm level; and
• perspective from the Philippines on the challenges and opportunities to upscale the agriculture good practices for disaster risk reduction at national level.
Presentation at the Montpellier CSA2015 conference by Robert Zougmoré, Program leader at the CCAFS West Africa Regional Program.
Read more about the conference: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.
http://www.icrisat.org/
A Proposal for a Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) System in Trinidad and Tobagodomhindsdo
Crop production is vulnerable to climate variability, and climate change associated with increases in temperature, increases in CO2, and changing patterns of rainfall may lead to a considerable decline in crop production.
Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate RiskMark Trexler
Electric utilities are a key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and have been thinking about climate change and climate policy longer than any other sector. This presentation to the Executive Committee of an electric utility in North America walks through the key issues and questions in developing an effective risk management strategy.
2. Climate risk management in Laos PDRLittle Daisy
1) The document discusses climate risk management in Lao PDR, where agriculture is important but vulnerable to climate change.
2) It summarizes future climate scenarios that could impact crop production, including increased rainfall and temperatures.
3) Methods are described to characterize climate variability and how it limits crop yields through impacts on water availability and soil nutrients.
4) Climate risk management techniques for farmers are discussed, including developing crop calendars and monthly/weekly climate advisories to help minimize risks under seasonal climate variation.
Crop and tree diversification can help smallholders manage climate risk by reducing the overall risk to their production. At the farm level, diversification provides risk management and microclimate improvement. At the landscape level, it reduces pest and disease pressures and regulates local climates. Developing diversification strategies with local stakeholders and relevant parties is a priority action area. Institutional support is also needed to incentivize diversification and ensure its long-term success. Research should explore optimal landscape structures and how diversification at this scale impacts pest control and climate regulation.
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This session will cover risk and risk management, defining these terms and describing typical risks in adaptation projects. The session will also cover the role of the private sector in risk management, and how to encourage private sector involvement to ensure sustainability of the project. This session will contribute to the overall development of a toolbox which will enable the participants to develop a plan for moving from project concept to bankable proposal. By the end of this session, participants will be able to use the risk management tool to analyze a sample project so as to improve its efficiency and sustainability.
o OBJECTIVE 1: Participants will utilize basic risk management tools
o OBJECTIVE 2: Participants will understand basic principles of risk allocation and the roles of the public and private sector in risk management
Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security CCAFS CIATCIAT
CCAFS aims to help agriculture and food systems adapt to and mitigate climate change through research. It has 4 themes: 1) adaptation to progressive climate change through technologies, practices and policies; 2) adaptation through managing climate risk at farm and food system levels; 3) pro-poor climate change mitigation; and 4) integration for decision making. Research is conducted in 3 focus regions - Indo-Gangetic Plains, West Africa, and East Africa - home to over 1 billion people dependent on agriculture. The goals are to close yield gaps, develop new adaptation strategies, and enable supportive policies and institutions from farm to national levels to strengthen food security under climate change.
Barriers to adoption: policy & institutional arrangements to support CSAFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
By Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Presented on 25 October 2013 at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU). Watch the recording at http://youtu.be/krBoz2uLUV8
Presented by Andy Jarvis (CCAFS-CIAT, Theme Leader Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change) at the Seminar on CRP7: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), ILRI, Nairobi, 12 May 2011.
Provides an overview of the CCAFS-CGIAR Research Program with introductions to the themes and horizon for exciting multi-centre science.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. As the concentration of greenhouse gases rises, crop suitability and yields are already changing, threatening food security. To meet growing demands, food production will need to increase by 60-70% by 2050. Left unchecked, climate change could result in 20% more malnourished children by 2050. The document outlines the research objectives and activities of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) to help adapt agriculture to climate change and reduce poverty through low-carbon pathways.
Building Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Climate Change in Africa: Building ...SIANI
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
The document discusses linking early warning systems to Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) through a pilot project. The project provided PSNP households with weather forecasts so they could adjust agricultural practices and reduce climate risks. Results showed households changed planting dates, varieties, and labor use, improving food availability and security. The summary concludes the pilot demonstrated linking early warning systems enhanced food security and resilience, and should be expanded to more households.
Climate Change Impacts and Household Vulnerability of Rainfed Farming Systems...ICRISAT
Rainfed agriculture plays an important role in the livelihoods of rural households in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT), which occupies about 55% (86 M ha) of net sown area and produces 40% of total foodgrain. Rainfed farming systems are highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate variability and change. There is a need to minimize this risk and uncertainty to sustainably increase food production. A systems approach with multidimensional assessments can best assess the impact of climate change on agriculture production systems, household level income and poverty.
Martien van Nieuwkoop
Policy Seminar
Discussion on the Key Findings of FAO’s 2018 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report
Oct 10, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EDT
Presentation made in CIP (Lima) on a vision for climate smart crops in 2030, focussing on potato. Presented in the Global Crop Diversity Trust and CIP organised meeting on "Expert consultation workshop on the use of crop wild relatives for pre-breeding in potato".
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...FAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
This webinar covered:
• measuring the benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in agriculture – approaches, methods and findings from FAO’s preliminary study;
• a case study from Uganda on how the agricultural practices for disaster risk reduction were implemented and monitored at farm level; and
• perspective from the Philippines on the challenges and opportunities to upscale the agriculture good practices for disaster risk reduction at national level.
Presentation at the Montpellier CSA2015 conference by Robert Zougmoré, Program leader at the CCAFS West Africa Regional Program.
Read more about the conference: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.
http://www.icrisat.org/
A Proposal for a Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) System in Trinidad and Tobagodomhindsdo
Crop production is vulnerable to climate variability, and climate change associated with increases in temperature, increases in CO2, and changing patterns of rainfall may lead to a considerable decline in crop production.
This document discusses the challenges of climate change for global food security and the role of climate-smart agriculture. It summarizes the following key points:
1. Climate change is already causing crop yield losses in some areas and extreme weather events are expected to intensify in the future, threatening global food security.
2. Climate-smart agriculture promotes technologies, practices, and policies that help communities adapt to climate change, reduce greenhouse gases, and ensure future food security.
3. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security is working with partners in various regions to research, promote, and implement climate-smart agriculture through activities like developing climate information services, insurance products, and policies to support resilient
This webinar looked at how governments can catalyse the development of agriculture insurance markets through a variety of interventions such as the provision, administration and management of subsidies, support for developing infrastructure for effective implementation of insurance programmes, investment in collection and sharing of data and customer education. It also looked at the government's role in developing enabling regulations and using insurance as a part of their social protection and agriculture development agendas. This webinar was organized together with the WBG's Global Index Insurance Facility, the USAID & Basis/I4-supported Global Action Network for agriculture insurance.
Speakers: Lena Heron (USAID), Peter Wrede (the World Bank) and Vincent Tithinji Ngari (Government of Kenya).
Similar to Diversification & Climate Risk Management Strategies: Evidence from Rural Malawi (20)
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingFAO
The Fifth meeting of the Near East and North African (NENA) Soil Partnership will take place from 1-2 April 2019 in Cairo, Egypt. The objectives of the meeting are to consolidate the NENA Soil Partnership, review the work plan, organize activities to establish National Soil Information Systems, agree to launch a Regional Soil Laboratory for NENA, and strengthen networking. The meeting agenda includes discussions on soil information systems, a soil laboratory network, and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management. The performance of the NENA Soil Partnership will also be assessed and future strategies developed.
This document summarizes the proceedings of the first meeting of the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN). GLOSOLAN was established to harmonize soil analysis methods and strengthen the performance of laboratories through standardized protocols. The meeting discussed the role of National Reference Laboratories in promoting harmonization, and how GLOSOLAN is structured with regional networks feeding into the global network. Progress made in 2018 included registering over 200 laboratories, assessing capacities and needs, and establishing regional networks. The work plan for 2019 includes further developing regional networks, standard methods, a best practice manual, and the first global proficiency testing. The document concludes by outlining next steps to launch the regional network for North Africa and the Near East.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. Outline of the presentation
Part 1 –Rationale of Analysis & Background
Part 2 – Extreme events: how to prepare?
Part 3 – How to adapt in non-extreme cases?
Part 4 – Looking beyond the farm to reduce risk
Part 5 – Bringing all the pieces together
4. 1. Maize self-sufficiency through increased maize
productivity and reduced post harvest losses
2. Diversification of food production and dietary
diversification for improved nutrition at household
level with focus on Crops, Livestock, and Fisheries
3. Risk management for food stability at national level
ASWAp: Components of Food Security and
Risk Management Focus Area
5. ►Diversification is a central element of risk
management
►Farmers diversify to respond to adverse
shocks (“push”) or because of better
opportunities available off-farm (“pull”)
►We distinguish between farm households that
do not have the option to diversify their
income off-farm, and those that do
What strategy to provide new insights (1)
6. ►For those that cannot diversify off-farm we
examine how to address on-farm:
the impact of changes in climatic variability
and options to address it on-farm
Effects of extreme events leading potentially to
total yield loss
►For those households that can diversify off-farm
we examine options using an econometric
analysis that looks at the role of income
diversification in addressing climatic variability
What strategy to provide new insights (2)
7. Database
We use four data-sets:
1. World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey
(LSMS-IHS) in 2010/2011 – 12,288 households
o Household level questionnaire and community level
survey linked to GIS databases
2. Historical rainfall and temperature estimates (NOAA-
CPC) for 1983-2012
3. SLM cost data collected by the Climate Smart
Agriculture (EPIC) project
4. Institutional surveys at district level
o Credit, extension and other information sources,
agricultural input and output markets, public safety nets
programs, and donor/NGO programs and projects
8. Climate in Malawi
Figure 1a. Mean rainfall 1983-2012 (mm/year) Figure 1b. Coefficient of variation of rainfall 1983-2012
9. Climate is a determinant of
household vulnerability in Malawi
• Consumption per capita is lower in environments with greater
long term climate variability
• Higher long term mean rainfall is associated with lower
vulnerability to poverty.
• Deviation below the long term mean rainfall pattern in the last
season, increases vulnerability to poverty.
• Other significant variables for reducing vulnerability are
higher household wealth, and access to institutions such as
extension, credit, fertilizer subsidies and social safety nets.
10. Outline of the presentation
Part 1 –Rationale of Analysis & Background
Part 2 – Extreme events: how to prepare?
Part 3 – How to adapt in non-extreme cases?
Part 4 – Looking beyond the farm to reduce risk
Part 5 – Bringing all the pieces together
11. ►how does the projected increase of extreme climate events
(e.g. drought, floods, extreme high temperatures) affect
smallholder adoption of SLM techniques to improve resilience?
►Examples of SLM techniques considered in this model are
box/tied ridges, infiltration trenches, grass embankments, etc
►We distinguish between a case where farmers cooperate in
adopting SLM practices, creating spillover effects, and a case
where they do not
►Examine four potential policy interventions to favor SLM
adoption including interventions that lead to cooperative
outcomes, access to social safety nets (DRR), payments for
carbon sequestration, and access to input subsidies.
Extreme events & SLM adoption for resilience
12. Safety nets may increase adoption of SLM
► Countervailing effects of safety net coverage:
i. reduces loss exposure (decreasing marginal benefit of SLM in
reducing losses)
ii. increases marginal benefit to expanding production (leading to
increase in all inputs, also SLM)
► If farmers cooperate safety nets are more likely to have positive effects on
SLM adotpion (result less dependent on parameter values)
Conventional
inputs
SLMinputs
13. Outline of the presentation
Part 1 –Rationale of Analysis & Background
Part 2 – Extreme events: how to prepare?
Part 3 – How to adapt in non-extreme cases?
Part 4 – Looking beyond the farm to reduce risk
Part 5 – Bringing all the pieces together
14. ►Extreme events, are usually rare. What decisions and
policies are appropriate under “marginal” changes in
climate?
►Although climate change is already happening, farmers
and policymakers have incomplete information on how it
affects local conditions and what is best course of action.
►Diversification is an important autonomous form of
adaptation to risk. How do policies affect incentives to
diversify?
►How are budgetary costs of policies affected by lack of
information?
Climate Uncertainty, Information, and
Adaptation
15. Basic Structure of the “marginal” model
• Farmer Objective: choose staple crop and technique
(conservation or traditional) plus up to one diversification
crop to maximize utility within a given Malawian AEZ
subject to a minimum area being dedicated to staples
• Staple Crops: Maize Local & Maize Hybrid
• Diversification Crops: Groundnut Chalimbana, Groundnut
CG7, Beans, & Pigeon Peas
• Based on variance of yield as function of temperature
and rainfall, and covariance of yields between staple
and diversification crops
• Conservation techniques: SWC, Intercropping,
SWC+Intercropping (staple crops only)
16. AEZs in model based on
FAO/IIASA methodology:
Mean Standard
Deviation
tropic-
warm/semiarid
Temperature 22.51 1.41
Rainfall 34.47 34.78
tropic-
warm/subhumid
Temperature 22.98 1.50
Rainfall 37.77 40.17
tropic-cool
Temperature 20.89 1.25
Rainfall 39.85 34.70
tropic-cool: combines tropic-cool/semiarid (light blue) & tropic-
cool/subhumid (green)
17. Important differences across AEZs in Malawi
► It appears that the optimal resource allocation is not that different under
existing climatic conditions
Profit
(MKW/ha)
Crop Choice
Conservation
technique
Baseline 5,578 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans Intercropping
Rain SD +30% 2,430 80% Local Maize & 20% Beans Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 6,056 90% Hybrid Maize & 10% Groundnut CG7 Intercroping + SWC
Baseline 5,859 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans SWC
Rain SD +30% 7,950 60% Local Maize & 40% Groundnut CG7 Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 3,627 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans SWC
Baseline 10,719 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans Intercropping
Rain SD +30% 4,980 70% Local Maize & 30% Beans Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 7,944 90% Hybrid Maize & 10% Groundnut Chalim. Intercropping
Tropic warm/
semi-arid
Tropic warm/
sub-humid
Tropic cool
/semiarid &
subhumid
► With increased climate variability there is a tendency to reduce land
diversification – is maize the safe option?
► Increased climate variability can have large impact on mean profit, and on
optimal cropping decisions
18. Policies affect diversification
► Results are for Tropical Warm/ semi-arid AEZ
Profit
(MKW/ha)
Crop Choice
Conservation
technique
Baseline 5,578 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans Intercropping
Rain SD +30% 2,430 80% Local Maize & 20% Beans Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 6,056 90% Hybrid Maize & 10% Groundnut CG7 Intercroping + SWC
Baseline 5,880 60% Local Maize & 40% Beans Intercropping
Rain SD +30% 2,645 70% Local Maize & 30% Beans Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 6,056 90% Hybrid Maize & 10% Groundnut CG7 Intercroping + SWC
Baseline 6,378 80% Local Maize & 20% Pigeon Pea SWC
Rain SD +30% 3,202 80% Local Maize & 20% Pigeon Pea Intercropping
Temp SD + 30% 5,495 90% Hybrid Maize & 10% Pigeon Pea Intercroping + SWC
No policy
Revenue floor
safety net
Rainfall index
insurance
► Both revenue floor and rainfall index insurance can work to smooth
income; however, the budgetary costs depend on farmer information
► `The different policies may reduce incentives to diversify, but not in a
dramatic way.
19. Anticipated vs. unanticipated climate change
► Mean profits can be greatly affected by lack of information under
increased variability of rainfall in sub-humid areas
► An increased variability of temperature in semi-arid areas can have a
negative effect if not anticipated
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Baseline
RainSD+30%
TempSD+30%
Baseline
RainSD+30%
TempSD+30%
Baseline
RainSD+30%
TempSD+30%
Tropic warm/ semi-
arid
Tropic warm/ sub-
humid
Tropic cool /semiarid
& subhumid
Anticipated climate
change
Unanticipated
climate change
20. ►Policies to address climate risk need to be tailored to
different AEZs
►Information on climate variability available to farmers is
an important element of policy performance
►Proposed policies do not seem to overly affect the
incentive to diversify
Policy implications: risk management under
“marginal” climate change
21. Outline of the presentation
Part 1 –Rationale of Analysis & Background
Part 2 – Extreme events: how to prepare?
Part 3 – How to adapt in non-extreme cases?
Part 4 – Looking beyond the farm to reduce risk
Part 5 – Bringing all the pieces together
22. ► Up to here we have looked at policies relating to on-farm
strategies to address climate change because many
smallholder households’ options are “confined” to the farm
► However, historically, off-farm income diversification has
played an important role in improving rural household
welfare
► We examine determinants of diversification accounting for
the fact that farmers diversify to respond to adverse shocks
(“push”) or because of better opportunities available off-
farm (“pull”)
► Constructed diversification indices for cropland, labour, and
income and estimate the role of institutions, household
characteristics, and climate variables in driving diversification
Determinants of Diversification
23. Diversification Indices: Concepts
On-farm diversification can be expressed by:
Land diversification index: based on number of crop species planted
and the area allocated during the 2009-10 agricultural season
Labour diversification based on person-days per year allocated by all
household members to: on-farm agriculture, off-farm wage labour and
self-employment in household enterprise.
Including off-farm diversification is done by computing:
Income diversification index measured by assessing the share of
farm income derived from 9 different possible sources, ranging from
crop, fishery and livestock incomes, to off-farm labor, rents,
remittances, and cash transfers.
We can then estimate the relative importance of different
forms of diversification in improving household welfare
24. Margalef Index
Figure 2a. Cropland diversification Figure 2b. Labour diversification Figure 2c. Income diversification
Geographical distribution of land, labour
and income diversification
25. Summary: Determinants of Diversification
►Labour, income and cropland diversification is higher in
environments with greater climate variability
►Higher mean rainfall is associated with greater
diversification of income
►In general, those with greater household wealth have
greater levels of diversification, indicating that these are
“pull” factors
►Access to institutions such as extension, credit and
fertilizer subsidies leads to greater labour and income
diversification.
26. Variance
Expected
consumption
Labour diversification index 0.114* 0.610***
Income diversification index -0.154*** 0.429***
Cropland diversification index 0.013 0.186***
Coefficient of variation of rainfall, 1983-2010 -0.375** -1.212***
Long term mean rainfall, 1983-2010 (mm) -0.000 0.000***
Rainfall anomaly, 2009-10 rainy season 0.165*** -0.271***
Agricultural extension and development officers per household in the
district 0.002 0.009***
Number of microfinance institution 0.008*** 0.024***
Fertilizers distributed per household (MT) -0.003 0.004
ln(MASAF wages paid in 2008-09 season (million MKW/HH)) -0.590 12.542***
Microfinance*CV rainfall
Safety-net*CV rainfall
Extension service*CV rainfall
Fertilizer distributed*CV rainfall
Observations 7,020 7,020
R-squared 0.017 0.442
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses based on EA level clusters. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.
How do different forms of diversification perform?
Effect of diversification on vulnerability components: variance of consumption
(𝑽 𝑪𝒊 ) and expected consumption per capita (𝑬(𝑪𝒊))
27. ►On-farm Labour diversification leads to higher, but
also less stable consumption; overall the impact is
still to reduce vulnerability to poverty
►Income diversification opportunities should be
prioritized, since it leads to higher and more stable
consumption
►Access to extension and fertilizer subsidies have the
strongest positive impacts on income diversification
of the institutions considered
►A shock such as a rainfall anomaly leads to lower
future expected consumption and to higher
variability
Summary: Effects of Diversification on Welfare
28. Outline of the presentation
Part 1 –Rationale of Analysis & Background
Part 2 – Extreme events: how to prepare?
Part 3 – How to adapt in non-extreme cases?
Part 4 – Looking beyond the farm to reduce risk
Part 5 – Bringing all the pieces together
29. ► For extreme events: important to have policies & institutions to
support effective coordination and cooperation for adoption of
SLM to increase resilience
►For “Marginal” changes in climate: policy options need to be
tailored to agro-ecological conditions, and better information on
changes in climate variability is crucial in reducing losses through
changes in cropping decisions and SLM practices
►Policies and institutions play an important role in determining
levels diversification, and their outcome & costs depends on
information available to framers
►Income diversification opportunities should be prioritized, since it
has the strongest impacts on reducing vulnerability to poverty
• Among institutions, access to extension and fertilizer subsidies have
the strongest positive impacts on income diversification
Overall Conclusions and Policy Implications
30. Knowledge Sharing
• Results for extreme events & for “marginal” are very
preliminary: would be very interested in establishing
a dialogue to improve the results and tailor to policy
needs
• Availability of data: Data is available for interested
researchers
• Availability of simulation model: The “marginal”
climate change model is implemented in Excel for
ease of use