Why Image compression is important?
How Image compression has come a long way?
Image compression is nearly mature, but there is always room for improvement.
This presentation is about JPEG compression algorithm. It briefly describes all the underlying steps in JPEG compression like picture preparation, DCT, Quantization, Rendering and Encoding.
Jpeg image compression using discrete cosine transform a surveyIJCSES Journal
Due to the increasing requirements for transmission of images in computer, mobile environments, the
research in the field of image compression has increased significantly. Image compression plays a crucial
role in digital image processing, it is also very important for efficient transmission and storage of images.
When we compute the number of bits per image resulting from typical sampling rates and quantization
methods, we find that Image compression is needed. Therefore development of efficient techniques for
image compression has become necessary .This paper is a survey for lossy image compression using
Discrete Cosine Transform, it covers JPEG compression algorithm which is used for full-colour still image
applications and describes all the components of it.
Thanks to image compression, we can shrink those files and save a lot of memory space. JPEG is a popular standard for compressing images, so a 3 MB file can be reduced to as low as 700 KB.
Image compression has four stages. Compression can be achieved at three of these stages, and the level of compression depends on how efficiently it is done and how much image clarity is being compromised. The four stages are explained here.
GTC 2014 - DirectX 11 Rendering and NVIDIA GameWorks in Batman: Arkham OriginsColin Barré-Brisebois
An extended version from the GDC14 "Deformable Snow Rendering in Batman: Arkham Origins" talk. This talk focuses on several DirectX 11 features developed/integrated in collaboration with NVIDIA. Tessellation and how the integration NVIDIA GameWorks with features such as physically-based particles with PhysX, particle fields with Turbulence, HBAO+, and bokeh DOF is also presented. Other improvements are also showcased: Reoriented Normal Mapping and chroma subsampling pipeline improvements.
This ppt's introduced Basics of computer graphics, which helps to diploma in computer engineering, DCA BCA, BE computer science student's to improve study in computer graphics.
Why Image compression is important?
How Image compression has come a long way?
Image compression is nearly mature, but there is always room for improvement.
This presentation is about JPEG compression algorithm. It briefly describes all the underlying steps in JPEG compression like picture preparation, DCT, Quantization, Rendering and Encoding.
Jpeg image compression using discrete cosine transform a surveyIJCSES Journal
Due to the increasing requirements for transmission of images in computer, mobile environments, the
research in the field of image compression has increased significantly. Image compression plays a crucial
role in digital image processing, it is also very important for efficient transmission and storage of images.
When we compute the number of bits per image resulting from typical sampling rates and quantization
methods, we find that Image compression is needed. Therefore development of efficient techniques for
image compression has become necessary .This paper is a survey for lossy image compression using
Discrete Cosine Transform, it covers JPEG compression algorithm which is used for full-colour still image
applications and describes all the components of it.
Thanks to image compression, we can shrink those files and save a lot of memory space. JPEG is a popular standard for compressing images, so a 3 MB file can be reduced to as low as 700 KB.
Image compression has four stages. Compression can be achieved at three of these stages, and the level of compression depends on how efficiently it is done and how much image clarity is being compromised. The four stages are explained here.
GTC 2014 - DirectX 11 Rendering and NVIDIA GameWorks in Batman: Arkham OriginsColin Barré-Brisebois
An extended version from the GDC14 "Deformable Snow Rendering in Batman: Arkham Origins" talk. This talk focuses on several DirectX 11 features developed/integrated in collaboration with NVIDIA. Tessellation and how the integration NVIDIA GameWorks with features such as physically-based particles with PhysX, particle fields with Turbulence, HBAO+, and bokeh DOF is also presented. Other improvements are also showcased: Reoriented Normal Mapping and chroma subsampling pipeline improvements.
This ppt's introduced Basics of computer graphics, which helps to diploma in computer engineering, DCA BCA, BE computer science student's to improve study in computer graphics.
The Home Depot Visual Merchandising, Signage, POP and Fixture Design portfolioaaroninsel
A collection of projects in which I managed and led a team of graphic designers, fixture designers, merchants, store planners, suppliers and vendors to concept and execute in my role as Associate Visual Merchandiser at The Home Depot.
Home Depot Integrated Marketing Campaign Plan for IMC 610Genifer Snipes
This campaign plan was for the first class I completed in West Virginia University's Integrated Marketing Communication masters' program. In six weeks, I completed a preliminary environmental audit and marketing campaign encompassing PR, advertising, and sales promotions in addition to learning about many of these topics for the first time.
presentation By Daroko blog-where IT learners Apply skills.
This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
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This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Cathode Ray Tubes
Basic operation
Refresh CRT
Primary component –
heated metal cathode
control grid
heating filament
3. Intensity control – voltage on control grid
Focusing System
force the electron beam
small spot of light
Otherwise, electrons repel and
spread
Accomplished with electric or
magnetic fields
Deflection Plates horizontal and vertical
Spots on screen by transfer of CRT beam
energy to phosphor
4. Kinds of phosphor based on
Color
Persistence : time it takes the
emitted light to decay one-tenth of original
intensity
Resolution
Aspect Ratio
5. Raster Scan Displays
Image created as Grid of Pixels – “Picture
Elements” – Scan Conversion
Picture definition is stored in a frame
buffer memory or refresh buffer
• one storage cell per pixel
6. Example: assume a display of 16 x 16 pixels,
each of which is either “on” or “off”
The electron beam traces a path across the first
row, then returns to starting side and moves
across the second row, and so on
The beam is turned on or off as
it passes over a pixel that should
be on or off
Here, the beam is OFF for the
entire first row, OFF during
the retrace, and then ON for
the two pixels that are ON
7. Black and White (Bilevel) systems
Bit Value 0: Beam turned ON
Bit Value 1: Beam turned OFF
Frame buffer : Bitmap
For Color and intensity variations :
multiple bits per pixel
Frame buffer : Pixmap
Refreshing : 60 – 80 frames per second
Horizontal and Vertical Retrace
Interlacing : with slower refreshing rates
8. Random Scan Display
Also called as Vector or Stroke or
Calligraphic Displays
Draw a picture one line at a time
– each image was expressed in the form of a
series of {move-to, draw-to} commands
– the beam could be moved to a specific x,y
location while turned off, then turned-on, and
a draw-to command would move the beam
(while on) to a second x,y location – the result,
a line drawn from the first location to the
second
9. Example:
– move to (a, b)
(c, d)
– draw to (c, d)
– draw to (e, f) (a, b)
– draw to (g, h) (e, f)
– draw to (a, b)
(g, h)
– move to (i, j)
– draw to (k,l) (i, j) (k, l)
Note: Arrows just indicate the flow
Refresh Display file contains the Line
drawing commands
10. For Line Drawing applications
Higher resolution
Problems with random-scan
– as complexity of display grows, time to draw
increases
– if time between refreshes grows too long,
display begins to flicker
11. Color CRT
Color CRTs are much more complicated
– Phosphors on the face are laid out in a precise
geometric pattern
– Uses a pattern of color phosphors on the
screen:
Delta electron gun arrangement In-line electron gun arrangement
12. Color CRTs have
– Three electron guns (RGB)
– A metal shadow mask to differentiate the
beams
13. General case:
– Simple color display has N x M pixels and
each pixel is one of 8 = 23 colors
– color depth = k bits
– each pixel can be one of 2k colors
– if k = 3b, then there are 2b intensity levels for
Red, Green, and Blue
– if k ≠ 3b, then typically a color indexing
scheme is used
• the value stored in the frame buffer is not used to
directly control the drive intensity
• frame buffer value is an index into a color palette
14. Direct drive case – frame buffer has 3b
bits/pixel (example b = 6)
3b bits / pixel
Red Green Blue pixel address
000000 000111 000000 0
000100 000100 000100 1
111111 111111 111111 2
… … … … NM pixels
… … … …
… … … …
… … … …
directly controls red, green,
and blue intensity
15. Indexed color palette case – frame buffer
has k bits/pixel (example k = 8)
k bits/pixel
Frame Buffer pixel address
00000000 0 3b bits / row
00000010 1 Color Palette
11111111 2 Red Green Blue
… … 000000 000111 000000
000100 000100 000100
… … 111111 111111 111111
… … … … … 2k
… … … … … rows
… … …
… … …
16. Display Technology: LCDs
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
– Used in Calculators, laptop etc
– Light is passed through the liquid crystal that
is aligned to either block or transmit light
17. Display Technology: LCDs
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
– Used in Calculators, laptop etc
– Light is passed through the liquid crystal that
is aligned to either block or transmit light
18. Display Technology: Plasma
Plasma display panels
– Similar in principle to
fluorescent light tubes
– Small gas-filled capsules
are excited by electric field,
emits UV light
– UV excites phosphor
– Phosphor relaxes, emits
some other color