this slide show explains coronary heart disease in details , about the causes,symptoms,tests for diagnosis, treatment and how to Prevent it from happening , hope you'll get something you are searching for
Chest pain or discomfort
Common presenting symptom of cardiovascular disease
May be cardiac or noncardiac in origin.
Cardiac – angina, MI, pericarditis, mitral valve prolapse, dissecting aortic aneurysm
Non cardiac – anemia (physical exertion), cervical disc disease, anxiety, trigger points etc
Follows pattern of ulnar nerve distribution (heart supplied by C3-T4 spinal segments)
Radiating pain to neck, jaw, upper trapezius, upper back, shoulder or arms (commonly left
IHD also known as coronary artery diseases is a condition in which there is inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of myocardium. Imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand causes Angina, MI, Hear failure, and Arrhythmia
Coronary artery disease (CAD) also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the most common type of heart disease and cause of heart attacks. The disease is caused by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart, which narrows the lumen of arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart.
this slide show explains coronary heart disease in details , about the causes,symptoms,tests for diagnosis, treatment and how to Prevent it from happening , hope you'll get something you are searching for
Chest pain or discomfort
Common presenting symptom of cardiovascular disease
May be cardiac or noncardiac in origin.
Cardiac – angina, MI, pericarditis, mitral valve prolapse, dissecting aortic aneurysm
Non cardiac – anemia (physical exertion), cervical disc disease, anxiety, trigger points etc
Follows pattern of ulnar nerve distribution (heart supplied by C3-T4 spinal segments)
Radiating pain to neck, jaw, upper trapezius, upper back, shoulder or arms (commonly left
IHD also known as coronary artery diseases is a condition in which there is inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of myocardium. Imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand causes Angina, MI, Hear failure, and Arrhythmia
Coronary artery disease (CAD) also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the most common type of heart disease and cause of heart attacks. The disease is caused by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart, which narrows the lumen of arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart.
It contains meaning, pathophysiology, types, risk factors, lab and diagnostic procedures and tests, Rx goals, appropriate medications for ANGINA PECTORIS ..... Enjoy and Learn from it!!!!
Coronary Atherosclerosis OR Coronary artery disease (CAD).pptxJITENDRAKUMARDAS15
Coronary atherosclerosis /CAD is characterized by accumulation of fatty deposits along the inner most layer of the coronary arteries.
The topic coronary atherosclerosis is summarized by introduction, definition, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, complications, preventions, management, nursing diagnosis.
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Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Disorders of myocardial blood supply
1. Department of Nursing Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Topic;
Disorders of myocardial blood supply
By;
ABDULLAHI Abbas
(student 400level)
2. OUTLINE
a) Blood supply to the heart
b) Risk factors of coronary artery diseases
c) Coronary artery diseases(C.A.D)
d) Myocardial infarction
e) Angina pectoris
5. Coronary Circulation
Coronary arteries;
Right coronary artery; originates from the right aortic
sinus, descends along the anterior side of the heart towards
the right along the inferior border of the right auricle, then
wraps posteriorly around the heart; gives rise to the
following branches:
SA nodal artery- usually branches from the right coronary
artery; supplies the SA node
6. Right marginal branch- supplies the right border of the
heart
AV nodal artery- supplies AV node
Posterior interventricular artery- supplies both ventricles
and the interventricular septum from the posterior side of
the heart
7. Left coronary artery; originates from the left aortic sinus,
descends along the anterior side of the heart towards the
left, courses between the pulmonary trunk and the left
auricle then bifurcates into the following branches:
Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)- descends along the
anterior surface towards the apex supplying the left
ventricle and interventricular septum
Circumflex branch- wraps posteriorly around the heart in
the coronary sulcus, gives rise to the left marginal artery
which supplies the left border of the heart.
8. Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus; courses along the posterior side of the
heart in the coronary sulcus; drains blood from the following
cardiac veins to the right atrium;
Great cardiac vein (anterior interventricular vein)-
ascends from the apex along the anterior side of the heart
in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein)-
ascends from the apex along the posterior side of the
heart in the posterior interventricular sulcus.
9. Small cardiac vein- (right marginal vein)- courses with the
right marginal artery, wraps around the right border of the
heart in the coronary sulcus.
Anterior veins- originate on the anterior surface of the
right ventricle, course over the coronary sulcus to drain
directly into the right atrium.
10. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE(C.A.D)
Is an abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances
and fibrous tissues in the lining of the coronary arterial
vessels walls which lead to blockage and narrowing of the
vessels in a way that reduces blood flow to the
myocardium (muscles of the heart).
11. Risk factors of coronary artery
diseases
Age and gender
Family history and genetic
Diabetes
Hypertension
Tobacco use
Sedentary lifestyle
hyperlipidemia
Obesity
Stress
Poor diet etc.
12. Clinical manifestation
Asymptomatic.
Chest pain (angina) because of decreased blood flow to
heart muscle and/or increase in myocardial oxygen
demand resulting from stress. Chest pain lasts between 3
to 5 minutes.
Chest pain can occur when the patient is resting.
Pain may radiate to the arms, back, and jaw.
13. Chest pain occurs after exertion, excitement, or when the
patient is exposed to cold temperatures because there is
an increase in blood flow throughout the body, raising the
rate.
Some times shortness of breath(dyspnea)
Fatigue
Anxiety
restlessness
14. pathophysiology
Cholesterol, calcium and other elements
Deposited on the coronary artery wall
Narrowing of the artery and reduction of
blood flow
Impedes blood supply to the heart muscle
Deposits start as fatty streaks and eventually
develop into plaque
17. Weight loss.
Diet change: lower sodium, lower cholesterol and fat,
decreased calorie intake, increased dietary fiber.
Administer low doses of aspirin.
Administer beta-adrenergic blockers to reduce workload
of heart: metroprolol, propranolol, nadolol.
Administer calcium channel blockers to reduce heart rate,
blood pressure,and muscle contractility; helps with
coronary vasodilation; slows AV node conduction.
18. Administer nitrate if patient has symptomatic chest pains
to reduce discomfort and enhance blood flow to
myocardium.
Platelet inhibitors:dipyridamole clopidogrel and
ticlopidine.
19. Administer HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)—lowers
cholesterol:
a) lovastatin
b) simvastatin
c) atorvastatin
d) fluvastatin
e) pravastatin
f) rosuvastatin
Fibric acid derivatives reduce synthesis and increase
breakdown of VLDL particles: gemfibrozil.
21. Angina Pectoris
A narrowing of blood vessels to the coronary artery,
secondary to arteriosclerosis,
results in inadequate blood flow through blood vessels of
the heart muscle, causing chest pain.
22. Types of angina
Stable angina pectoris; pain is relieved by rest or nitrates
and symptoms are consistent.
Unstable angina pectoris; pain occurs at rest; is of new
onset; is of increasing intensity, force, or duration; isn't
relieved by rest; and is slow to subside in response to
nitroglycerin.
Prinzmetal angina pectoris; usually occurs at rest or with
minimal formal exercise or exertion; often occurs at
night.
23. causes
An episode of angina is typically precipitated by physical
activity, excitement, or emotional stress.also due to
diseases such as;
Coronary atherosclerosis
Anaemia
Polycythaemia
Aortic stenosis
Extreme cold
Smoking
24. pathophysiology
.
• Narrowing of coronary artery
.
• Inadequate blood flow through the heart
‘
• Reduced myocardial oxygenation that leads to discrepancy btw the
oxygen and energy expended
• Causing chest pain, which also radiate to left or both shoulders, arms,
neck and jaws
25. Clinical manifestation
Chest pain lasting 3 to 5 minutes—not all patients get
substernal pain; it may
be described as pressure, heaviness, squeezing, or
tightness. Use the patient’s
words.
Can occur at rest or after exertion, excitement, or
exposure to cold—due to
increased oxygen demands or vasospasm.
Usually relieved by rest—a chance to re-establish oxygen
needs.
26. Pain may radiate to other parts of the body such as the
jaw, back, or arms—
angina pain is not always felt in the chest. Ask if the
patient has had similar
pain in the past.
Sweating (diaphoresis)—increased work of body to meet
basic physiologic
needs; anxiety.
27. • Tachycardia—heart pumping faster trying to meet
oxygen needs as anxiety
increases.
• Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath (dyspnea)—
increased heart rate
increases respiratory rate and increases oxygenation.
• Anxiety—not getting enough oxygen to heart muscle, the
patient becomes
nervous.
28. diagnosis
History taking
Electrocardiography
Echocardiograph
Coronary angiography
Radionuclide imagine
Basic screening;
a) Fasting blood glucose
b) Serum lipids including high
density lipoproteins (HDL)
and triglycerides
c) Full blood count
d) Blood urea and electrolytes
e) Serum urates
29. management
The goal of treatment is to deliver sufficient oxygen to
the heart muscle to meet its need, 2 to 4 liters of oxygen.
Administer beta-adrenergic blocker e.g. propranolol,
nadolol, atenolol, metoprolol.
Administer nitrates—aids in getting oxygenated blood to
heart muscle.
a) Nitroglycerin—sublingual tablets or spray; timed-release
tablets.
b) Topical nitroglycerin—paste or timed-released patch.
Aspirin for antiplatelet effect.
Analgesic
31. Myocardial Infarction
commonly known as heart attack
Is when blood supply to the myocardium is interrupted for a
prolonged time due to the blockage of coronary arteries
resulting in insufficient oxygen reaching cardiac
muscle,causing cardiac muscles to die (necrosis).
33. pathophysiology
Blockage of the coronary artery
Resulting to insufficient oxygen
supply
Leading to death of the cardiac
muscle(necrosis)
34. Clinical manifestation
Chest pain that is unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin, unlike
angina
Pain that radiates to arms, jaw, back and/or neck
Shortness of breath, especially in the elderly or women
Nausea or vomiting possible
Maybe asymptomatic, known as a silent MI, which is more
common in diabetic patients
Heart rate >100 (tachycardia) because of sympathetic
stimulation, pain, or low cardiac output
35. Variable blood pressure
Anxiety
Restlessness
Feeling of impending doom
Pale, cool, clammy skin; sweating (diaphoresis)
Sudden death due to arrhythmia usually occurs within first
hour
37. management
Treatment is focused on reversing and preventing further
damage to the myocardium.
Early intervention is needed to have the best possible
outcome
Administer oxygen, aspirin.
Administer antiarrhythmics because arrhythmias are
common as are conduction disturbances.
a) Amiodarone.
b) Lidocaine.
c) Procainamide.
38. Electrical cardioversion for unstable ventricular
tachycardia. An initial shock is administered to the heart
to re-establish sinus rhythm.
Administer antihypertensive to keep blood pressure low
e.g Hydralazine.
Percutaneous revascularization
39. Administer thrombolytic therapy within 3 to 12 hours of
onset because it can re-establish blood flow in an
occluded artery, reduce mortality, and halt the size of the
infarction.
a) Alteplase.
b) Streptokinase.
c) Anistreplase.
d) Reteplase.
Heparin following thrombolytic therapy.
Administer calcium channel blockers as they appear to
prevent reinfarction and ischemia, only in non–Q-wave
infarctions. e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem.
40. Administer beta-adrenergic blockers because they reduce
the duration of ischemic pain and the incidence of
ventricular fibrillation; decreases mortality. Propranolol.
E.g. Nadolol, Metroprolol.
Administer analgesics to relieve pain, reduce pulmonary
congestion, and decrease myocardial oxygen
consumption.e.g. Morphine.
Administer nitrates to reduce ischemic pain by dilation of
blood vessels; helps to lower BP.e.g Nitroglycerin.
Place patient on bed rest in CCU.
No bathroom privileges. Bedside commode only.
Low-fat, low-caloric, low-cholesterol diet.
I’m by name Abdullahi Abbas, 400level student in the Department of nursing faculty of medicine, Ahmadu bello university,zaria,kaduna state of Nigeria.
The area of infarction is often due to build-up of plaque over time (atherosclerosis).
It may also be due to a clot that develops in association with the atherosclerosis
within the vessel. Patients are typically (not always) symptomatic, but some
patients will not be aware of the event; they will have what is called a silent MI
Thrombolytic therapy is instrumental in reducing mortality. A three-hour time window is ideal for maximizing benefit. Medications are used to enhance blood flow to the heart muscle while reducing the workload of the heart. Supplemental oxygen is used to help meet myocardial oxygen demand. Data from coronary angioplasty
and percutaneous coronary intervention (stenting) of an occluded artery have been impressive. Following the acute management, the patient will have to make lifestyle
changes—altering diet and exercise, stopping smoking, and so on.