AIILSG
Book 1 Chapter 13
A full pack knowledge bank on disinfection
This slideshare is basically about all the disinfectant used in the hospitals and how they are used in hospitals and day-to-day life
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as making something free of microorganisms, while disinfection removes or destroys pathogens. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods use alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. Proper sterilization is important in surgery and other medical fields to prevent infection. The history of infection control involved early advances like Lister introducing antiseptic techniques. Common pathogens in medical settings are also listed.
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN INDIA IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#waterborne,#ICDS,#diseases,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE,#HEALTHPROBLEMS
This document defines and describes various methods of disinfection. It begins by defining disinfection as the process of killing infectious agents outside the body using chemical or physical means. It then discusses different types of disinfecting agents like disinfectants, detergents, antiseptics, and deodorants. The document also describes the three main types of disinfection - precurrent, concurrent, and terminal disinfection. Finally, it discusses various disinfection methods including natural methods like sunlight and air, physical methods like burning and hot air, and various chemical disinfecting agents like phenols, alcohols, iodine, and bleach.
This document discusses different types and levels of disinfectants. It describes low, intermediate, and high level disinfectants, providing examples of each. Low level disinfectants do not kill all bacteria or spores, while intermediate kills some and high level kills most bacteria and viruses. Common chemical disinfectants discussed are phenol, hypochlorites, alcohols, aldehydes, and benzalkonium chloride. Moist heat through boiling is also described as an intermediate level disinfection process. The document provides information on appropriate uses and limitations of different disinfectants.
The document discusses various terms related to sterilization and disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, antiseptics, asepsis, and decontamination. It describes different methods of sterilization including physical methods like heat, radiation, filtration and drying as well as chemical methods using agents like alcohol, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and phenols. Heat sterilization methods like moist and dry heat are explained in detail, noting the factors that influence sterilization and the appropriate temperatures and times required.
Biosafety and Waste Management in Blood Transfusion ServiceArjuna Samaranayaka
This document discusses biosafety and waste management in blood transfusion services. It classifies hazardous waste as infectious or non-infectious. Infectious waste includes sharps and non-sharps. The waste management process involves segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Treatment methods include autoclaving and chemical disinfection. Proper waste handling is important to prevent injuries and disease transmission among staff and the public. Guidelines are provided for spill response and needlestick injuries.
Above ppt includes different types of disinfectants used in microbiology ,classification of disinfectants, and also it includes some important techniques like Plasma sterilization ,ETO sterilization and bleaching of water.
This document discusses various terms related to disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, sanitization, and asepsis. It describes factors that influence the efficacy of disinfectants such as organism load, contact time, and temperature. The document outlines the properties of ideal disinfection and types of disinfectants including high, intermediate, and low level disinfectants. Various chemical and physical disinfection methods are explained along with testing methods to evaluate disinfectant efficacy.
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as making something free of microorganisms, while disinfection removes or destroys pathogens. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods use alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. Proper sterilization is important in surgery and other medical fields to prevent infection. The history of infection control involved early advances like Lister introducing antiseptic techniques. Common pathogens in medical settings are also listed.
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN INDIA IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#waterborne,#ICDS,#diseases,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE,#HEALTHPROBLEMS
This document defines and describes various methods of disinfection. It begins by defining disinfection as the process of killing infectious agents outside the body using chemical or physical means. It then discusses different types of disinfecting agents like disinfectants, detergents, antiseptics, and deodorants. The document also describes the three main types of disinfection - precurrent, concurrent, and terminal disinfection. Finally, it discusses various disinfection methods including natural methods like sunlight and air, physical methods like burning and hot air, and various chemical disinfecting agents like phenols, alcohols, iodine, and bleach.
This document discusses different types and levels of disinfectants. It describes low, intermediate, and high level disinfectants, providing examples of each. Low level disinfectants do not kill all bacteria or spores, while intermediate kills some and high level kills most bacteria and viruses. Common chemical disinfectants discussed are phenol, hypochlorites, alcohols, aldehydes, and benzalkonium chloride. Moist heat through boiling is also described as an intermediate level disinfection process. The document provides information on appropriate uses and limitations of different disinfectants.
The document discusses various terms related to sterilization and disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, antiseptics, asepsis, and decontamination. It describes different methods of sterilization including physical methods like heat, radiation, filtration and drying as well as chemical methods using agents like alcohol, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and phenols. Heat sterilization methods like moist and dry heat are explained in detail, noting the factors that influence sterilization and the appropriate temperatures and times required.
Biosafety and Waste Management in Blood Transfusion ServiceArjuna Samaranayaka
This document discusses biosafety and waste management in blood transfusion services. It classifies hazardous waste as infectious or non-infectious. Infectious waste includes sharps and non-sharps. The waste management process involves segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Treatment methods include autoclaving and chemical disinfection. Proper waste handling is important to prevent injuries and disease transmission among staff and the public. Guidelines are provided for spill response and needlestick injuries.
Above ppt includes different types of disinfectants used in microbiology ,classification of disinfectants, and also it includes some important techniques like Plasma sterilization ,ETO sterilization and bleaching of water.
This document discusses various terms related to disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, sanitization, and asepsis. It describes factors that influence the efficacy of disinfectants such as organism load, contact time, and temperature. The document outlines the properties of ideal disinfection and types of disinfectants including high, intermediate, and low level disinfectants. Various chemical and physical disinfection methods are explained along with testing methods to evaluate disinfectant efficacy.
6 Basics of Infection Prevention and Control.pptREVISED (Day 1) (1) (1).pptjohnpickett25
The document discusses the basics of infection prevention and control, including the chain of infection, standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, proper use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and medical waste, and decontamination methods like cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. It emphasizes that hand hygiene and standard precautions are the most effective ways to break the chain of infection and prevent the spread of disease. Healthcare-associated infections are a major concern, and strict compliance with infection control practices is needed to prevent transmission within healthcare settings.
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
This document summarizes information about the epidemiology of influenza. It describes the three types of influenza viruses (A, B, C) and their antigens. It discusses the major reservoirs, transmission, incubation period, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention including vaccines, antiviral drugs, treatment recommendations, and prophylaxis. Influenza spreads mainly via respiratory droplets from infected individuals and affects people of all ages. Prevention focuses on vaccination, antiviral drugs, and limiting transmission through isolation of infected individuals and hand hygiene.
The document discusses disinfection, providing definitions and outlining factors that determine a disinfectant's potency. It describes ideal characteristics for disinfectants and lists common chemical agents used, including their mechanisms and uses. Different levels of disinfection are defined. Specific disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens and phenols are explained in detail. Methods for disinfecting various surfaces and materials are provided.
This document discusses disinfectants, providing information on their introduction, ideal characteristics, classification, modes of action, factors affecting disinfection, and methods of evaluation. It classifies disinfectants into nine main categories including acids, halogens, heavy metals, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, dyes, and detergents/soaps. It also describes several common evaluation methods such as tube dilution, cup plate, gradient plate, and Kelsey-Sykes methods.
are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical and/or chemical process that kills all types of life.
The document discusses various methods of disinfection and sterilization used in laboratories. It defines disinfection as reducing microorganisms through physical and chemical means, while sterilization completely removes all microbial life including spores. Common chemical disinfectants discussed are alcohols, hypochlorites, phenol, and their effectiveness against different microbes. Heat and chemical sterilization methods like steam autoclaving, dry heat, ethylene oxide gas, and glutaraldehyde liquid are described. Radiation sterilization using gamma rays is also covered. The document emphasizes that while sterilization is important, hand washing remains a key practice to prevent infection.
Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, menses, and human metabolism including urine and faeces. ... Faecal sludge management is used to deal with fecal matter collected in on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks.
This document describes a hot air oven project by Vedanti S. Gharat. It provides information on the working principles and components of a hot air oven, which uses dry heat to sterilize laboratory equipment and materials. Key points include:
- Hot air ovens circulate hot air to uniformly heat materials to high temperatures for extended periods of time, destroying microorganisms and bacterial spores through oxidation.
- Components include a heated inner chamber, motorized blower, temperature controls, and tray slots for materials.
- Hot air ovens are commonly used to sterilize glassware and materials in laboratories, as well as in various industries for drying, curing, and sterilization applications.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It begins with the historical background of disinfection pioneered by Semmelweis and Lister in the 19th century. It then covers factors that influence disinfection effectiveness like organism type, concentration of disinfectant, and contact time. The document outlines different types of disinfection and various physical (e.g. heat) and chemical methods. Key methods discussed include autoclaving, pasteurization, and the use of chemicals like bleach and alcohols.
The document outlines the infection control programme at Ford Hospital & Research Centre. It discusses the infection control committee that meets monthly and includes members from various departments. The key components of the infection control programme discussed are prevention, surveillance, and standard precautions. It provides details on practices for prevention of healthcare-associated infections including hand washing, handling needles, spill management, and policies for visitors, biomedical waste, and antibiotics.
Infection prevention and control (IP&C) practices are important in maintaining a safe environment for everyone by reducing the risk of the potential spread of disease.
Hospital-acquired infections, also called nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire during a hospital stay that were not present or incubating upon admission. The most common types are urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Patients are at greater risk if they have prolonged hospital stays, underlying illnesses, use of invasive devices like catheters, or have procedures done that expose them to bacteria. Hospitals work to prevent infections through hand washing, sterile technique, and disinfecting medical equipment.
The document summarizes sterilization using an autoclave. It explains that an autoclave uses high pressure and high temperature steam to kill microorganisms. It works by raising the boiling point of water when under pressure, allowing it to reach temperatures high enough to kill bacteria, viruses and fungal spores. The document outlines the main components of an autoclave, including the heating element, temperature controller and pressure sensor. It describes the working process where steam is generated and raises the temperature and pressure to 121.5°C for 15-30 minutes to effectively sterilize materials. Different types of autoclaves and sterilization methods, both dry and wet, are also summarized.
1. Antiseptics are used on living tissues to prevent or reduce microbial growth, while disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces.
2. Semmelweis and Lister were pioneers in antisepsis, with Semmelweis reducing childbed fever by having doctors wash hands and Lister advancing aseptic surgery using carbolic acid.
3. Common antiseptics and disinfectants include phenol derivatives, iodine, chlorhexidine, alcohols, acids, metals like silver, and dyes like gentian violet; they act by disrupting microbes or their structures through oxidation, coagulation, or other mechanisms.
1. Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances applied to living tissue to reduce infection and include substances like alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine gluconate, iodine, and phenol.
2. Joseph Lister introduced the use of antiseptics like carbolic acid in surgery in 1867 based on Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease.
3. Common antiseptics used today include alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride, phenol, sodium chloride, and sodium hypochlor
This document discusses several instruments and techniques used in microbiology laboratories, including:
1. The Polystainer 5300, an automated system that can stain up to 20 slides in 5-10 minutes to aid rapid diagnosis.
2. The BACTEC 9240, an automated blood culture system that can detect bacteria in blood samples within days using sensors to detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in culture vials.
3. The Vitek 2, an automated system that uses test cards containing 64 wells with metabolic substrates to identify microbes based on their reactions over 24-48 hours.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and eyes. It can occur at any age and is transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth during prolonged close contact with untreated cases. While not very infectious, it has a long incubation period of 1-20 years and can cause discolored skin patches, thickened nerves, and sensory loss if left untreated.
This document discusses sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes different sterilization methods like heat, filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide, and chemical methods. It discusses the importance of pre-sterilization cleaning and outlines different stages of sterilization - cleaning, sterilization process, and aseptic storage. It also discusses classifications of instruments based on infection risk and the importance of maintaining an antiseptic environment in the operating theatre.
6. Sterilisation and Disinfection PPP.pptxOpenPhone
The document discusses various methods used for sterilization and disinfection. It explains that physical agents like heat and radiation can be used to sterilize through processes like boiling, autoclaving and exposure to UV light. Chemical agents like ethanol, formaldehyde and iodine are also effective at killing microbes. Mechanical methods like filtration can help remove microbes from liquids. The document provides details on different sterilization techniques and the microorganisms they can eliminate.
6 Basics of Infection Prevention and Control.pptREVISED (Day 1) (1) (1).pptjohnpickett25
The document discusses the basics of infection prevention and control, including the chain of infection, standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, proper use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and medical waste, and decontamination methods like cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. It emphasizes that hand hygiene and standard precautions are the most effective ways to break the chain of infection and prevent the spread of disease. Healthcare-associated infections are a major concern, and strict compliance with infection control practices is needed to prevent transmission within healthcare settings.
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
This document summarizes information about the epidemiology of influenza. It describes the three types of influenza viruses (A, B, C) and their antigens. It discusses the major reservoirs, transmission, incubation period, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention including vaccines, antiviral drugs, treatment recommendations, and prophylaxis. Influenza spreads mainly via respiratory droplets from infected individuals and affects people of all ages. Prevention focuses on vaccination, antiviral drugs, and limiting transmission through isolation of infected individuals and hand hygiene.
The document discusses disinfection, providing definitions and outlining factors that determine a disinfectant's potency. It describes ideal characteristics for disinfectants and lists common chemical agents used, including their mechanisms and uses. Different levels of disinfection are defined. Specific disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens and phenols are explained in detail. Methods for disinfecting various surfaces and materials are provided.
This document discusses disinfectants, providing information on their introduction, ideal characteristics, classification, modes of action, factors affecting disinfection, and methods of evaluation. It classifies disinfectants into nine main categories including acids, halogens, heavy metals, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, dyes, and detergents/soaps. It also describes several common evaluation methods such as tube dilution, cup plate, gradient plate, and Kelsey-Sykes methods.
are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical and/or chemical process that kills all types of life.
The document discusses various methods of disinfection and sterilization used in laboratories. It defines disinfection as reducing microorganisms through physical and chemical means, while sterilization completely removes all microbial life including spores. Common chemical disinfectants discussed are alcohols, hypochlorites, phenol, and their effectiveness against different microbes. Heat and chemical sterilization methods like steam autoclaving, dry heat, ethylene oxide gas, and glutaraldehyde liquid are described. Radiation sterilization using gamma rays is also covered. The document emphasizes that while sterilization is important, hand washing remains a key practice to prevent infection.
Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, menses, and human metabolism including urine and faeces. ... Faecal sludge management is used to deal with fecal matter collected in on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks.
This document describes a hot air oven project by Vedanti S. Gharat. It provides information on the working principles and components of a hot air oven, which uses dry heat to sterilize laboratory equipment and materials. Key points include:
- Hot air ovens circulate hot air to uniformly heat materials to high temperatures for extended periods of time, destroying microorganisms and bacterial spores through oxidation.
- Components include a heated inner chamber, motorized blower, temperature controls, and tray slots for materials.
- Hot air ovens are commonly used to sterilize glassware and materials in laboratories, as well as in various industries for drying, curing, and sterilization applications.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It begins with the historical background of disinfection pioneered by Semmelweis and Lister in the 19th century. It then covers factors that influence disinfection effectiveness like organism type, concentration of disinfectant, and contact time. The document outlines different types of disinfection and various physical (e.g. heat) and chemical methods. Key methods discussed include autoclaving, pasteurization, and the use of chemicals like bleach and alcohols.
The document outlines the infection control programme at Ford Hospital & Research Centre. It discusses the infection control committee that meets monthly and includes members from various departments. The key components of the infection control programme discussed are prevention, surveillance, and standard precautions. It provides details on practices for prevention of healthcare-associated infections including hand washing, handling needles, spill management, and policies for visitors, biomedical waste, and antibiotics.
Infection prevention and control (IP&C) practices are important in maintaining a safe environment for everyone by reducing the risk of the potential spread of disease.
Hospital-acquired infections, also called nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire during a hospital stay that were not present or incubating upon admission. The most common types are urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Patients are at greater risk if they have prolonged hospital stays, underlying illnesses, use of invasive devices like catheters, or have procedures done that expose them to bacteria. Hospitals work to prevent infections through hand washing, sterile technique, and disinfecting medical equipment.
The document summarizes sterilization using an autoclave. It explains that an autoclave uses high pressure and high temperature steam to kill microorganisms. It works by raising the boiling point of water when under pressure, allowing it to reach temperatures high enough to kill bacteria, viruses and fungal spores. The document outlines the main components of an autoclave, including the heating element, temperature controller and pressure sensor. It describes the working process where steam is generated and raises the temperature and pressure to 121.5°C for 15-30 minutes to effectively sterilize materials. Different types of autoclaves and sterilization methods, both dry and wet, are also summarized.
1. Antiseptics are used on living tissues to prevent or reduce microbial growth, while disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces.
2. Semmelweis and Lister were pioneers in antisepsis, with Semmelweis reducing childbed fever by having doctors wash hands and Lister advancing aseptic surgery using carbolic acid.
3. Common antiseptics and disinfectants include phenol derivatives, iodine, chlorhexidine, alcohols, acids, metals like silver, and dyes like gentian violet; they act by disrupting microbes or their structures through oxidation, coagulation, or other mechanisms.
1. Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances applied to living tissue to reduce infection and include substances like alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine gluconate, iodine, and phenol.
2. Joseph Lister introduced the use of antiseptics like carbolic acid in surgery in 1867 based on Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease.
3. Common antiseptics used today include alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride, phenol, sodium chloride, and sodium hypochlor
This document discusses several instruments and techniques used in microbiology laboratories, including:
1. The Polystainer 5300, an automated system that can stain up to 20 slides in 5-10 minutes to aid rapid diagnosis.
2. The BACTEC 9240, an automated blood culture system that can detect bacteria in blood samples within days using sensors to detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in culture vials.
3. The Vitek 2, an automated system that uses test cards containing 64 wells with metabolic substrates to identify microbes based on their reactions over 24-48 hours.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and eyes. It can occur at any age and is transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth during prolonged close contact with untreated cases. While not very infectious, it has a long incubation period of 1-20 years and can cause discolored skin patches, thickened nerves, and sensory loss if left untreated.
This document discusses sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes different sterilization methods like heat, filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide, and chemical methods. It discusses the importance of pre-sterilization cleaning and outlines different stages of sterilization - cleaning, sterilization process, and aseptic storage. It also discusses classifications of instruments based on infection risk and the importance of maintaining an antiseptic environment in the operating theatre.
6. Sterilisation and Disinfection PPP.pptxOpenPhone
The document discusses various methods used for sterilization and disinfection. It explains that physical agents like heat and radiation can be used to sterilize through processes like boiling, autoclaving and exposure to UV light. Chemical agents like ethanol, formaldehyde and iodine are also effective at killing microbes. Mechanical methods like filtration can help remove microbes from liquids. The document provides details on different sterilization techniques and the microorganisms they can eliminate.
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. Sterilization aims to destroy all microorganisms, including spores, while disinfection reduces pathogens to safe levels. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Moist heat sterilization uses autoclaving, dry heat uses hot air ovens. Chemical methods employ alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, halogens, and other agents. Early civilizations used salting, smoking, and sunlight exposure to preserve foods. Modern sterilization aims to destroy pathogens safely and effectively using various physical and chemical processes.
This document provides definitions and outlines principles of sterilization and disinfection. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, antiseptics, and antibiotics. It describes various physical agents (heat, radiation), chemical agents (gases, liquids), and mechanical removal methods used for microbial control. It discusses the mechanisms of action and structures of microbes targeted by sterilizers and disinfectants. It also provides details on specific processes like autoclaving, pasteurization, and chemical disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, and phenols.
Sterilization and disinfection of environment and instruments by dr shireen ...Hassan Ahmad
This document discusses cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings. It describes various pathogens that can be found on medical equipment and surfaces. It outlines important areas that require cleaning like nurseries, operating rooms, and floors. It discusses the factors involved in effective cleaning and lists some commonly used disinfectants like sodium hypochlorite, phenols, and iodine. It also describes the differences between disinfection, antisepsis, and sterilization. Autoclaving is highlighted as the most effective sterilization method using high temperatures and pressure.
This document discusses various chemical methods used for sterilization. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. It describes ideal properties of chemical disinfectants and their modes of action. Several chemical agents are explained in detail, including their spectrum of activity, concentrations used, limitations, and common applications. Physical methods of sterilization are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides an overview of disinfection and disinfectants. It begins by defining key terms like disinfection, sterilization, and antiseptics. It then discusses the types of disinfection like concurrent, terminal, and precurrent disinfection. Factors that impact disinfectant effectiveness and the ideal properties of a disinfectant are reviewed. Various chemical and physical disinfecting agents are described along with their mechanisms of action. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of proper hand hygiene and other infection control procedures.
WHY YOU NEED TO DO THIS COURSE?
You are doctors and are well aware about current scenario. You are even taking adequate care. Then why you should do this course?
1. Friends this course aims to provide general guidance and information on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, to enable staff to return to work safely while keeping the risk of contamination as low as possible.
2. It also provides ideas on how to protect mental well-being during the pandemic.
3. All General Practitioners, Consultants owning their own workplace and Freelancing Consultants can get information on how to take care while restarting medical practice,
4. Happy Doctor Foundation always helps doctors. And you will agree with us that a doctor is at MORE RISK AND IS MORE VULNERABLE TO GET INFECTION! So the more you learn, more you become wise. Isn’t it?
5. Do you know that your family’s health depends on HOW WELL YOU PROTECT YOURSELF?
6. You have nothing to lose by undergoing these course modules, so why not give it a try?
This document discusses the history and methods of disinfection. It begins with key figures in the development of disinfection practices like Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Ignaz Semmelweis. It then covers various classifications of items based on disinfection needs, factors affecting disinfection effectiveness, ideal properties of disinfectants, and common sites of action. The document concludes by describing several physical (e.g. cleaning, heat) and chemical (e.g. phenols, alcohols, halogens) methods used for disinfection.
THIS presentation EXPLAINS biomedical waste management IN EASY WAY
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Infection control in prosthodonticscs abhaydixit17
infection control measures important as procedure important, we should follow all the protocol which gives proper sterilization and aseptic condition.
now a days implant surgery is most common daily practices done by the dentist in the clinics and it becomes more critical to have a sound knowledge about infection control.
The document discusses the characteristics and requirements of ideal disinfectants. It notes that an ideal disinfectant would have broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms, be non-toxic, and effective in bodily fluids. It also should not corrode metals or irritate skin. The document then examines various common disinfectants like alcohols, phenols, halogens, dyes and gases; and discusses their mechanisms and uses. It concludes with an overview of the functions of a central sterile supply department in a hospital.
This document discusses chemical methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines disinfection as destroying pathogens but not all microorganisms, while sterilization kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores. Ideal disinfectants have various properties like broad spectrum activity and stability. Factors like concentration, temperature, and organic matter affect disinfection. Biofilms are complex microbial communities that are resistant to disinfection. The choice of sterilization or disinfection method depends on the item and risk of infection. Various chemical agents are classified based on their efficacy and include alcohols, phenols, halogens, aldehydes, and peracetic acid.
This document discusses various disinfectants and their properties. It begins by defining disinfection and antisepsis. It then discusses ideal properties of disinfectants and introduces the Spaulding classification system for categorizing disinfectants based on their level of activity. The document goes on to examine specific disinfectants like alcohols, hypochlorites, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide; describing their modes of action, uses, advantages and disadvantages. It concludes by discussing factors that affect the efficacy of disinfection.
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection techniques used to eliminate microorganisms. It defines key terms and outlines various methods for sterilizing instruments and disinfecting surfaces, including heat, chemicals, gases, and filtration. Effective sterilization and disinfection requires understanding the microbial characteristics and selecting the appropriate process for different medical equipment, environments, and situations.
The document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms including spores, while disinfection only reduces pathogens and does not necessarily kill spores. Physical methods include heat, radiation, filtration and chemical agents. Moist heat sterilization using an autoclave at 121°C is the most effective method. Other common sterilization techniques mentioned are hot air ovens, pasteurization, and chemical disinfectants such as alcohol, aldehydes, halogens and dyes. Proper sterilization is important for preventing hospital-acquired infections.
Disinfection_and_sterilisation of laboratory materials.pptLawalBelloDanchadi
This document discusses disinfection and sterilization. It defines antiseptics as antimicrobial substances applied to living tissue to reduce infection, and distinguishes them from antibiotics and disinfectants. Common antiseptics and disinfectants are listed. Disinfectants destroy microorganisms on non-living surfaces and are distinguished from antiseptics. Various types of disinfectants are outlined including alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, oxidizing agents, phenolics, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Sterilization eliminates all microorganisms including spores and viruses, and can be achieved through heat-based methods like autoclaves, hot air ovens,
Sanitation in the food industry is important to destroy microorganisms and prevent human contact with hazards while not negatively impacting products. Cleaning is a prerequisite to sanitation by removing oils, greases and proteins. Sanitizers are then used to reduce microorganisms to a safe level and include steam, hot water, and chemical sanitizers like chlorine compounds. Proper sanitation methods and the difference between manual and mechanical dishwashing processes are outlined to promote hygiene.
This document defines various terms related to sterilization and disinfection. It discusses different sterilization methods including steam sterilization, dry heat sterilization, chemical sterilization methods using formaldehyde, alcohol, chlorine, iodophors and hydrogen peroxide. It also covers cleaning and disinfection of equipment, factors influencing chemical sterilization, and advantages of chemical sterilization.
Book 2 Chapter 6
health education
A process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and to seek help when needed
AIILSG
Book 2 chapter 8
School health and nutrition services are services provided through the school system to improve the health and well-being of children and in some cases whole families and the broader community.
This document provides information on various medical emergencies that may occur in a dental practice setting. It discusses conditions that may arise due to anxiety of the procedure like hyperventilation and vasovagal syncope. It also covers emergencies related to prior medical conditions of the patient such as asthma, cardiac issues, epilepsy, and diabetes. Procedures that could potentially cause emergencies like anaphylaxis from anesthetic drugs or choking from a foreign object are also outlined. Each condition discusses signs, symptoms and recommended management approaches.
AIILSG
Book 1 chapter 6 part 1
This slideshare includes study of bacteria fungus virus and protozoa namely bacteriology mycology virology and protozoology
A part 2 of the same has been uploaded as well which includes study of parasites, parasitology.
Thanks and regards
Dr. Chhavi Bajaj
AIILSG
Book 1 chapter 14
This presentation is based on the important techniques we use while recording vital signs of a patient. it also includes how to administrate different type of injections namely, subcutaneous and intramuscular. since CPR is the most important piece of information we all require a video clip of the same has been added in the end. courtesy Geek Medics (youtube)
Book 1 chapter 9
All India Institute of Local Self Government
In this presentation of personal hygiene, environment hygiene has also been included
Aspects we need to know, before we make the first impression, cleanliness, its types and various methods used have been described.
By Dr. Chhavi Bajaj
AIILSG
Chemicals used in public health and disease controlDr. Chhavi Bajaj
Chemical disinfectants are used to kill or deactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Some common chemical disinfectants used for water purification include chlorine gas, chlorine tablets, chlorine solution, and bleaching powder. Rodenticides are chemicals used to kill rodents and some common types include barium carbonate, zinc phosphide, warfarin, and fumigation. Rodents can carry diseases like plague, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and rat bite fever. Other chemicals discussed include those used for family planning, water purification, and as insecticides, preservatives, and antiseptics in public health.
AIILSG BOOK 1 CHAPTER 12
Emergency aid or treatment is given to someone injured, suddenly ill, etc., before regular medical services arrive or can be reached
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
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Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Get Covid Testing at Fit to Fly PCR TestNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONblessyjannu21
Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
The person may find difficult to stand, lift objects and speak or swallow. Medications and surgery can help the patient to relieve the symptoms of this lifelong illness.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
Address: Singar Nagar, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012
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Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
2. DISINFECTIONIS AS A PROCEDURE WHICH
IS ELIMINATES OR KILLS
MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE CARRIED BY
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS.
DISINFECTANT ISAN AGENT WHICH KILLS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS OUTSIDE THE BODY BY
DIRECT EXPOSURE TO PHYSICAL OR
CHEMICAL AGENTS.
ANTISEPTIC IS AN AGENT WHICH DESTROYS
OR INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF INFECTIOUS
AGENTS, AND WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO
LIVING TISSUES
STERLIZATIONDESTRUCTION OF ALL
MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR SPORES.
An Autoclave is a machine used for
sterilization by doctors at hospitals
3. DETERGENT
A WATER-SOLUBLE CLEANSING AGENT WHICH COMBINES WITH IMPURITIES AND DIRT TO MAKE THEM
MORE SOLUBLE, AND DIFFERS FROM SOAP IN NOT FORMING A SCUM WITH THE SALTS IN HARD WATER
DEODORANT
A SUBSTANCE WHICH REMOVES OR CONCEALS UNPLEASANT SMELLS, ESPECIALLY BODILY ODOURS.
Rodenticide
A chemical or other agent used to destroy rats or other rodent pests or prevent themfrom
damaging food, crops, etc.
4. TYPES OF
DISINFECTION
CONCURRENT
It is the
application of
disinfective
measures as
soon as
possible after
the discharge of
infectious
material from
the body of an
infected person
TERMINAL
AFTER THE
PATIENT HAS
DIED
OR HAS
CEASED AS
SOURCE OF
INFECTION
PROPHYACTIC
BOILING OF
WATER
PASTURIZATION
OF MILK
5. CLASSIFICATION OF DISINFECTANTS
NATURAL
SUNLIGHT
The ultraviolet radiation
in sunlight does work as a
natural disinfectant and is used
regularly to disinfect drinking water,
bedding and furniture
AIR
Acts by drying or evaporating
moisture
PHYSICAL
BURNING
HOT AIR
BOILING
STEAM UNDER PRESSURE
RADIATION
CHEMICAL
SOLID
LIME
BLEACHING POWDER
PHENYL
MERCURIC NITRATE
GASES
FORMALIN
CHLORINE
ETHYLENE OXIDE
LIQUID
(TO BE CONTINUED ON slide no 7)
6. PHYSICAL AGENTS
BURNING Used in two ways- in first, cotton, dressing, swab such inexpensive
things are burnt directly
In the second type- some glass instruments are heated on direct flame for
disinfection
HOT AIR A hot air oven is used at 160 C for about 4 hours. It helps by killing
spores. Not used for bulky articles. Used for syringe swab Petri dish
BOILING Metal instrument on boiling for 20 minutes can be disinfected, if
done for 30 minutes can also kill some spores (not 100%)
STEAM UNDER PRESSURE
• Moist heat is the form of pressurized steam regarded as the most dependable
method for destruction of all forms of bacterial life including spores
• Autoclave works on this principle
• A temperature of 121°C. At 121°C,the time is 15-20 min,depending on the
volume of the load
• Sterilization of linen, gloves, metal instruments, syringe, culture medium
• Not recommended for plastic ware
RADIATIONIonizing radiation is being increasingly used for sterlizationof bandages,
dressing, suture (catgut) and surgical instruments
7. CEMICAL AGENTS
SOLID
• LIME
• BLEACHING POWDER
• PHENYL
• MERCURIC NITRATE
GASES
• FORMALDEHYDE
• CHLORINE
• ETHYLENE OXIDE
LIQUID
• PHENOL PHENOL,CRESOL, DETTOL
• DETERGENTS SAVLON
• HALOGENS CHLORINE IODINE
• OXIDIZINGAGENTS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• HEAVY METALS MERCURY
• MISCELLANEOUS ALCOHOL, FORMALIN
* Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, but formalin is in liquid form.
8. SOLID
❑ LIME
NOT USED AS A DISINFECTANT ANYMORE BECAUSE THERE ARE SAFER AND
MORE EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS IN THE MARKET
❑ BLEACHING POWDER
ON EXPOSURE TO AIR REACTS WITH CO2 AND LIBERATES CHLORINE GAS WHICH
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION KNOWN AS BLEACHING AGENT AND KILLS THE GERMS
AND BACTERIA
❑ PHENYL
❑ MERCURIC NITRATE
9. GASES
FORMALDEHYDE
Reliable sterilization using formaldehyde is achieved when performed
with a high concentration of gas, at a temperature between 60o and
80°C and with a relative humidity of 75 to 100%.
CHLORINE
ETHYLENE OXIDE
It is most commonly used to sterilize instruments with long lumens
such as endoscopes and all materials that have to be sterilized but
cannot withstand higher temperature
10. Phenol It is cheap and effective.
Commonly used for bacteria.
Less effective towards spores
Cresol Excellent disinfectant
10 times more powerful
5 % concentration is used for general disinfection
Cresol emulsion When used with soap- saponified cresol
Lysol contains 50-60% cresol
Very powerful disinfectant
Hibitane Works better against gram positive bacteria
Incorporated in liquid soaps and detergent creams
Chlorhexidine Used for both gram positive and negative bacteria
Dettol Nontoxic antiseptic. Used at 5% conc for sterilization for 30 minutes
PHENOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
11. Detergent
Soap
Cetrimide is cetavion
Savlon is made of cetavion and hibitane
Halogen
Chlorine in water supplies
Iodine is commonly used betadine or povidone iodine
Heavy metals
Mercurochrome poor disinfectant, non-irritating 2%
Methanolate for instruments sterilization
Oxidizing agents
Hydrogen peroxide releases nascent oxygen
12. MISCELLANEOUS
Alcohol is used as 70% ethyl alcohol whereas isopropyl is more bactericidal
Methylated spirit 5-20% methyl alcohol in ethyl alcohol
Formalin 40% formaldehyde in water, pungent
Others
Acetone is mild antibacterial
Ether is bactericidal, not for skin
Dyes are not very effective
13. STERILIZATION DEPARTMENT
The central sterile supply department aims to cater sterile supplies of hospital to all the departments of the
hospital, both specialized and wards
Filtration is used to obtain bacteria free filtrates of toxins and bacteriophages
Candle filters Purification of water e.g. Berkefield and mandler filter
Asbestos filters alkalizes water e.g. carbon filter
Sintered glass filter
Cellulose filters Water purification, analysis, testing and sterilization
14. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF DISINFECTION
Sputum
Feces and wine
Bleaching powder
Crude phenol
Cresol
Formalin
Bedpans
Rooms
Cresol, lime, formaldehyde and fumigation