The document discusses various diseases of the iris, including congenital anomalies, inflammations, degeneration, and tumors. Key topics include heterochromia, anterior uveitis, treatment options, and complications arising from iridocyclitis. It also outlines symptoms, signs, and investigative measures related to iris disorders.

1. DISEASES OF IRIS
MS. MEGHNA VERMA
ASSISSTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT OF OPTOMETRY
RAMA UNIVERSITY

2. CONTENTS
DISEASE OF IRIS –
• Congenital Anomalies
• Inflammations [Anterior uveitis]
• Types Of Iridocyclitis
• Degeneration of iris
• Cyst and tumours of iris

3. HETEROCHROMIA
IRIDIUM
Color of one iris
differs from the other

4. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
HETEROCHROMIA OF IRIS
Heterochromia is a variation in coloration most often used to
describe color differences of the iris, but can also be applied to
color variation of hair[1] or skin.
In heterochromia iridium, color of one iris differs from the other.
In heterochromia iridis, one sector of the iris may differ from the
remainder of iris.

5. HETEROCHROMIA
IRIDIS
One sector of the iris
may differ from the
remaining part of iris.

6. CORECTOPIA
It refers to abnormally
eccentric placed pupil.
Normally pupil is placed
slightly nasal to the center.

7. POLYCORIA
Polycoria is a pathological
condition of
the eye characterized by more
than one pupillary opening in
the iris.[1]

8. CONGENITAL
ANIRIDIA
It refers to congenital
absence of iris.

9. CONGENITAL
COLOBOMA
Congenital coloboma
(absence of tissue) of iris,
ciliary body and choroid.

10. ANTERIOR
UVEITIS

11. It is inflammation of the uveal tissue from iris up to
pars plicata of ciliary body.
It may be subdivided into :
Iritis, inflammation of iris.
Irido-cyctitis, inflammation of iris and pars plicata part
of ciliary body are equally involved.
Cyclitis, inflammation of pars plicata part of ciliary body.

12. SYMPTOMS
Pain, redness, photophobia, lacrimation, defective vision, blepharospasm.
SIGNS
Lid oedema - usually mild and severe attack of acute anterior uveitis.
Circumcorneal congestion is marked in acute iridocyclitis.

13. Corneal signs - corneal oedema, KPs and posterior corneal opacities.
Keratic precipitates (KPs) are proteinaceous cellular deposits occurring at the
back of cornea. Mostly, these are arranged in a triangular pattern occupying
the center and inferior part of cornea.

14. Anterior chamber signs –
Aqueous flare, due to leakage of protein particles into the aqueous humour
from damaged blood vessels.
Hypopyon - sterile pus is settled down in the anterior chamber.
Hyphaema - blood in the anterior chamber.
Changes in depth and shape of anterior chamber - may occur due to
synechiae formation.

15. HYPOPYON HYPHAEMA

16. Iris signs -
Loss of normal pattern - occurs due to oedema.
Changes in iris colour due to hyperpigmentation and
depigmentation.
Posterior synechiae - adhesions b/w posterior surface of iris &
anterior part of lens.
Pupillary signs –
Narrow pupil - due to irritation of sphincter pupillae by toxins.
Irregular pupil shape - results from segmental posterior synechiae
formation. [festooned pupil]
Pupillary reaction becomes sluggish or absent due to oedema and
hyperaemia of iris.

17. Changes in the lens -
Exudates may be deposited on the lens acute iridocyclitis.
Complicated cataract may develop as a complication of iridocyclitis.
Change in the vitreous -
Anterior vitreous may show exudates and inflammatory cells after an attack
of iridocyclitis.
COMPLICATIONS
Complicated cataract, secondary glaucoma, choroiditis, retinal
complications, macular oedema, retinal detachment and Papillitis.
INVESTIGATIONS
TLC, DLC, ESR, blood sugar level, serological test, urine examination, stool
examination, radiological examination and skin test.

18. TREATMENT OF IRIDOCYCLITIS
1. Non-specific treatment
• Local therapy
Mydriatic-cycloplegic drugs, corticosteroids and antibiotic eyedrops.
• Systemic therapy
Corticosteroids, NSAIDS, immunosuppressive drugs,
• Physical measures
Hot fomentation, dark goggles
2. Specific treatment of the cause
3. Treatment of the complications

19. DEGENERATION OF
IRIS

20. SIMPLE IRIS
ATROPHY
Depigmentation with
thinning of iris stroma.
It may be senile, post-
inflammatory or
neurogenic.

21. ESSENTIAL IRIS
ATROPHY
Very rare.
Iris tissue melts away at
many places
i.e. pseudo-polycoria.
Due to formation of dense
anterior peripheral
synechiae.

22. IRIDOSCHISIS
Rare bilateral atrophy
with senile degeneration
over 65 years of age.
Formation of a cleft
between the anterior
and posterior stroma of
the iris.

23. TUMOURS OF IRIS
BENIGN
TUMOUR MALIGNANT
TUMOUR

24. NAEVUS
Most common lesion of
iris.
Flat, pigmented,
circumscribed lesion of
variable size.

25. NAEVOXANTHO
ENDOTHELIOMA
It presents as a single or
multiple rapidly growing
vascular nodules.
It spreads in the angle
producing secondary
glaucoma.
It may penetrate through
limbus and present as epi-
bulbar mass.

26. REFERENCES
• Kumar P (2017). "Focal Scalp Hair Heterochromia in an Infant". Sultan
Qaboos University Medical Journal. 17 (1): e116–
118. doi:10.18295/squmj.2016.17.01.022. PMC 5380409. PMID 284170
41
• Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainesville,
Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.