This document discusses the discussion method as a teaching technique. It defines discussion as a way for people to share ideas and experiences on a topic. The key characteristics of discussion methods are that they ensure participation, allow criticism, and involve student-led conversation guided by the teacher. There are different types of discussion including small group, whole class, and panel formats. Discussion methods are best used when students already have some knowledge and can apply what they've learned. The advantages include developing higher-level thinking, while disadvantages include some students dominating and time required. Careful planning by the teacher is needed to focus the discussion on meeting the lesson objectives.

1. B Y : M U H A M M A D A U R A N G Z E B
M P H , B S N
I N S T R U C T O R
K H Y B E R M E D I C A L U N I V E R S I T Y P E S H A W A R
Discussion Method

2. Objectives
 At the end of this presentation the student will be
able to:
 Define discussion method
 Describe characteristics of discussion methods
 Discuss types of discussion method
 Identify appropriate use of discussion method
 Discuss advantages and disadvantages of
discussion method
 Describe planning for conducting discussion
method

3. Discussion
 The word ‘discuss’ has been derived from the Latin
root ‘discutere’, which means to shake or strike.
Thus ‘discussion’ refers to thoroughly shaking up
the subject, that is, examining it thoroughly to
reach a conclusion.
 A discussion is an activity of sitting and talking
about a specific subject.

4. Discussion Method
 A discussion method is the means by which people
share experiences, ideas and attitudes.
 Discussion method enable to engage in an orderly
verbal interchange and to express thoughts on a
particular subject.

5. Discussion Method cont…
 Discussion involves two-way communication
between participants.
 In the classroom situation a teacher and students all
participate in discussion.
 During discussion, the teacher spends some time
listening while the students spend sometimes
talking.
 The discussion is, therefore, a more active
learning experience for the students than the
lecture.

6. Characteristics Discussion Method
 Ensure maximum participation.
 Students have the opportunity to criticize and
evaluate.
 Logical and meaningful criticism should be
accepted.
 Students should anchor the discussion themselves.
 Keeping teachers as guide.
 Teacher selects the topic only with the help of
students.

7. Characteristics Cont…
 Teacher divides the class in to different groups and
gives the topic of the discussion to each group.
 Every group has a leader to anchor and conduct
the discussion.
 Students who have leadership quality should be
selected for anchoring.
 Relevant topic should only be considered.
 In the end, teacher draws the conclusion of the
discussion with the help of leaders.

8. Types of discussion Method
 Discussion method includes
1. Small group discussion technique
2. Socialized classroom discussion technique
3. Panel discussion technique

9. Small group discussion method

10. Socialized classroom discussion technique

11. Panel discussion method
4-8 qualified person discuss a given topic

12. Appropriate use of discussion method
 Discussion method is used in areas in which
students already have some knowledge or
experience, discussion may be used to develop the
main points to be covered in a lesson
 Students can draw on their experience to
contribute to the discussion.
 All subject except mathematics, art, music, dance
can be taught.
 Discussion may also be used, following a lecture or
demonstration, to help trainees apply what they
have learned.

13. Advantages of Discussion Methods
Discussion method can develop following abilities
among students
 Thinking and communicating powers
 Leadership quality
 Expression ability
 Problem solving ability
 Creativity
 Motivation and confidence
In short higher level cognitive and affective
objectives can be realized through discussion
method.

14. Disadvantages of Discussion Method
 There is a chance that only a few students may dominate
the whole discussion.
 It is possible that discussion is initiated on those aspects of
the problem with which few prominent students of the class
are concerned.
 It is time consuming.
 Not adaptable to all teaching-learning situations.
 If it is not properly guided, a discussion can degenerate into
a consideration of inappropriate topics adding confusion
rather than clarification to the lesson.

15. Planning for discussion method
 Discussion sessions can be led by the instructor, or can
take place in groups. In either case, the goal is to meet
the lesson objectives by allowing the students to:-
 Relate relevant personal experiences or events which have occurred
in the work setting.
 Contribute ideas or personal opinions.
 Apply what has been learned to familiar situations or solving
problems.
 Express what had been learned.
 Whether the discussion is instructor led or takes place in
groups it must be guided by the instructor. It must be
focused on the objectives of the lesson: it is the
instructors responsibility to see that the objectives are
met.

16. References
 http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/
Jgtz017e/6.9.1.html
 http://ctl.yale.edu/resources/teaching-techniques-
and-methods/discussion-methods
 https://www.slideshare.net/competents2011/meth
ods-and-strategies-of-teaching-jerin
 http://www.preservearticles.com/2012032829133
/what-is-discussion-and-what-are-its-types.html