Discourse analysis
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Discourse analysis can be used in various fields including applied linguistics, conversation analysis, pragmatics, rhetoric, and text linguistics. It involves the systematic study of language structure and acquisition, and explores how language is used in communication and how social and cultural factors interact with language. Text linguistics describes and analyzes extended written or spoken texts in their communicative context, taking into account elements like form, context, and style. Discourse analysis studies actual language use including features like hesitations and non-standard forms, in order to better understand how language works in practice.
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Discourse Analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides details about the topic that was submitted for a paper. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond individual sentences and examines the relationship between text and context. It outlines two main types of discourse - spoken and written. The document also describes various approaches to discourse analysis, including interactional analysis, analysis of context and function, analysis of the tools used, and textual analysis. It provides examples of discourse analysis research topics and emphasizes the importance of understanding genre, framing, and other textual elements.
Discourse based approach
The lexical approach focuses on teaching vocabulary through word chunks or combinations rather than isolated words. It views language as being grammaticalized lexis rather than lexicalized grammar. Examples of key principles are that learners should be exposed to vocabulary in context to understand usage, and lexical syllabi should be used to determine which lexical items to teach based on frequency and usefulness. Practice activities develop automatic recognition of lexical phrases to aid fluency. The lexical approach emphasizes vocabulary learning over grammatical rules.
Discourse analysis (Schmitt's book chapter 4)
The document discusses discourse analysis and its approaches. It covers conversational analysis, ethnography, speech act theory, structural functional linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. Conversational analysis examines patterns in turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channel responses in natural conversations. Ethnography uses the speaking grid and analyzes speech events and genres. Structural functional linguistics developed models to analyze classroom discourse with transactions, exchanges, moves, and acts.
Cultural approaches to discourse
This document outlines Cultural Discourse Analysis (CuDA) as a way to investigate cultural communication through ethnographic methods and communication theory. It discusses five modes of inquiry in CuDA: 1) theoretical perspectives, 2) descriptive analysis of communication practices, 3) interpretive analysis of meaning and importance to participants, 4) comparative analysis of similarities and differences across cultures, and 5) critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages. The overall aim is to understand how culture is enacted and reinforced through everyday communication.
Discourse analysis in applied linguistics
The document discusses different approaches to discourse analysis including sociology, sociolinguistics, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. It also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims, Hymes' speaking grid for analyzing communicative events, and natural vs. non-natural meaning.
L2.1
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis. It discusses how discourse analysis studies the relationship between language and the context in which it is used, including both written and spoken language. It also describes several models that have been developed for analyzing different types of spoken discourse, such as the Sinclair and Coulthard model for teacher-student interactions. The document notes that discourse analysis examines both spoken interactions and the organization of written texts, seeking to understand how language forms are interpreted based on participants' roles and the social setting.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis involves studying language beyond the sentence level, including conversations and written texts. There are various approaches to discourse analysis from different fields like sociology, linguistics, and philosophy. Sociological approaches include conversational analysis which examines turn-taking, openings/closings of conversations. Systemic functional linguistics views language as evolving based on its social functions and analyzes texts in relation to social contexts. Critical discourse analysis considers how power and social domination are reproduced through language.
Discourse Analysis Jeanneth Calvache
This document discusses discourse analysis, which involves studying the relationship between language and its social context. It examines several key thinkers in the field like Harris, Hymes, and Austin who studied language from linguistic, sociological, and philosophical perspectives. Discourse analysis considers both linguistic and non-linguistic factors in spoken and written communication. Spoken discourse varies based on the type of interaction and roles of participants, while written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion and coherence. Different social contexts lead to variations in conversational styles and structures.
Recommended
Discourse Analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides details about the topic that was submitted for a paper. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond individual sentences and examines the relationship between text and context. It outlines two main types of discourse - spoken and written. The document also describes various approaches to discourse analysis, including interactional analysis, analysis of context and function, analysis of the tools used, and textual analysis. It provides examples of discourse analysis research topics and emphasizes the importance of understanding genre, framing, and other textual elements.
Discourse based approach
The lexical approach focuses on teaching vocabulary through word chunks or combinations rather than isolated words. It views language as being grammaticalized lexis rather than lexicalized grammar. Examples of key principles are that learners should be exposed to vocabulary in context to understand usage, and lexical syllabi should be used to determine which lexical items to teach based on frequency and usefulness. Practice activities develop automatic recognition of lexical phrases to aid fluency. The lexical approach emphasizes vocabulary learning over grammatical rules.
Discourse analysis (Schmitt's book chapter 4)
The document discusses discourse analysis and its approaches. It covers conversational analysis, ethnography, speech act theory, structural functional linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. Conversational analysis examines patterns in turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channel responses in natural conversations. Ethnography uses the speaking grid and analyzes speech events and genres. Structural functional linguistics developed models to analyze classroom discourse with transactions, exchanges, moves, and acts.
Cultural approaches to discourse
This document outlines Cultural Discourse Analysis (CuDA) as a way to investigate cultural communication through ethnographic methods and communication theory. It discusses five modes of inquiry in CuDA: 1) theoretical perspectives, 2) descriptive analysis of communication practices, 3) interpretive analysis of meaning and importance to participants, 4) comparative analysis of similarities and differences across cultures, and 5) critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages. The overall aim is to understand how culture is enacted and reinforced through everyday communication.
Discourse analysis in applied linguistics
The document discusses different approaches to discourse analysis including sociology, sociolinguistics, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. It also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims, Hymes' speaking grid for analyzing communicative events, and natural vs. non-natural meaning.
L2.1
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis. It discusses how discourse analysis studies the relationship between language and the context in which it is used, including both written and spoken language. It also describes several models that have been developed for analyzing different types of spoken discourse, such as the Sinclair and Coulthard model for teacher-student interactions. The document notes that discourse analysis examines both spoken interactions and the organization of written texts, seeking to understand how language forms are interpreted based on participants' roles and the social setting.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis involves studying language beyond the sentence level, including conversations and written texts. There are various approaches to discourse analysis from different fields like sociology, linguistics, and philosophy. Sociological approaches include conversational analysis which examines turn-taking, openings/closings of conversations. Systemic functional linguistics views language as evolving based on its social functions and analyzes texts in relation to social contexts. Critical discourse analysis considers how power and social domination are reproduced through language.
Discourse Analysis Jeanneth Calvache
This document discusses discourse analysis, which involves studying the relationship between language and its social context. It examines several key thinkers in the field like Harris, Hymes, and Austin who studied language from linguistic, sociological, and philosophical perspectives. Discourse analysis considers both linguistic and non-linguistic factors in spoken and written communication. Spoken discourse varies based on the type of interaction and roles of participants, while written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion and coherence. Different social contexts lead to variations in conversational styles and structures.
discourse analysis
This document discusses 7 approaches to discourse analysis:
1. Conversation analysis examines the structure and organization of natural conversation.
2. Ethnography analyzes language use within social and cultural contexts through observation and interviews.
3. Corpus-based analysis uses large text databases to study language patterns and variations in genres.
4. Multimodal analysis views communication as involving multiple modes beyond just language.
5. Genre analysis describes conventional language patterns associated with academic and professional settings.
6. Critical discourse analysis critically examines how language relates to power and social inequality.
7. Mediated discourse analysis focuses on how social actions are carried out through discourse within cultural and historical contexts.
flowerdew basics
This chapter discusses definitions of discourse and discourse analysis, including "little d" discourse referring to language in context and "big D" discourse as specialized language of social groups. It outlines structural and functional approaches to discourse analysis and describes various disciplines and main approaches. Context and models of communication are examined, including Hymes' 16 contextual features and Halliday's three parameters of context. The development of the concept of communicative competence from Hymes to Canale and Swain to Celce-Murcia is summarized.
Ppp discourse analysis for language teacher
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
Ppt discourse analysis
The document discusses the interface between discourse analysis and language teaching. It argues that discourse analysis provides the basis for creating learning contexts and teaching language areas and skills. A discourse-oriented curriculum focuses on context, text types, and communicative goals to provide teachers with proper grounding in discourse analysis and training in pedagogical discourse and cross-cultural communication.
Unit 1
Basic concepts in relation to Pragmatics, Discourse, Co-text, Contextual Variables and Discourse Analysis
Summary Discourse Analysis by Michael McCarthy
This document summarizes discourse analysis, which is the study of language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written interaction and considers linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Spoken discourse follows patterns of interaction like turn-taking and adjacency pairs. Written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion, coherence, and signaling relationships between clauses and paragraphs. Discourse analysis takes an interdisciplinary approach drawing from linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and other fields to understand how language functions in different social settings and contexts.
Discourse analysis and language teaching
This ppt provides summarized ideas of the relation between discourse analysis and language teaching. This ppt was used of the course "Discourse Analysis" at UCSC.
Critical discourse analysis
This document discusses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It begins by defining key terms like discourse, language, and the branches of linguistics. Discourse is described as consisting of sentences with cohesion and coherence. Language is defined as a symbol system that is arbitrary, complex, and constantly changing. CDA examines how language shapes social relations and power structures. The document outlines different definitions of discourse and the relationship between text, context, and meaning.
Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre)
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
----------
The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
---------VIDEO
From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
The study of discourse
In the mid-1960s, several new interdisciplinary fields emerged related to the study of discourse, including semiotics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. These fields studied language use beyond isolated sentences and focused on properties of natural language use. They examined discourse from the perspectives of anthropology, linguistics, formal grammar, pragmatics, semiotics, conversation analysis, and sociolinguistics. Despite different backgrounds, these new fields shared a common interest in studying real language use rather than abstract language.
Discourse analysis as a new cross discipline
1. Discourse analysis has its origins in classical rhetoric but declined as an academic discipline. It reemerged in the 1960s through structuralist analyses of narratives, myths, and forms of communication across disciplines like anthropology, linguistics, and semiotics.
2. In the mid-1960s, structural analyses of discourse were published that applied structural linguistics to literature, film, and other cultural forms. This sparked interest in systematically studying language use, discourse, and communication across fields.
3. By the early 1970s, discourse analysis was emerging as a new interdisciplinary field drawing from functional linguistics, text linguistics, and approaches studying indigenous narratives, conversation, and other genres.
Discourse analysis cda summary
It provides an overview of CDA, noting that it studies social phenomena through analyzing power structures and ideologies revealed in language use. CDA differs from Conversation Analysis in its orientation towards critiquing social institutions and relations of power. An example shows how CDA could analyze power dynamics between a teacher and student. The summary then outlines key concepts of CDA like discourse, critical orientation, and ideologies, before describing the methodology involving interpreting texts to reveal power structures and relating findings to theory.
Isfd 41 18-lee4-genre, text, grammar
This is a reading guide, with some theory for college students. Subject Language and Written Expression 4.
Role of language and discourse into the cultural studies
This document discusses the role of language and discourse in cultural studies. It defines communication as the process of community where new meanings are offered, received, and compared, leading to growth and change. Language constructs realities through words, speech, paintings, and photography. Culture involves sharing meanings, and communication creates community. Meanings are arrived at through negotiation and change. Representation uses signs like images, words, sounds, or concepts to generate meanings. Discourse generates particular meanings and is the context for a culture's communication, meaning production, and interpretation. Language occurs at various levels from phonetics to discourse. Representation happens in language and discourse through subjects, names, objects, identities, symbols, metaphors, and visualization. Cultural
Discourse analysis for language teachers
Discourse analysis refers to the study of relationships between language and context. It examines both written and spoken language in use. Discourse analysis has developed since the 1960s from various fields including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Key developments included studying language as social action, conversational structure, and the form and function of language. Discourse analysis interprets language based on both its grammatical form and communicative function within different social contexts and interactions.
religion discourse analysis
This document discusses religion as a domain of intercultural discourse. It notes that religion is a prominent aspect of most human societies and a natural locus for intercultural communication. However, defining religion can be elusive as it is interconnected with culture and language. The document examines how religious language involves intercultural discourse through religious talk, culture, and texts. It also explores how religious doctrine can breed views of language and influence language production. Finally, the document concludes that religious language at an intercultural intersection can be a means of preservation or a mechanism for outward assertion, meriting further investigation.
What is Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It begins with definitions of discourse and discourse analysis. CDA examines how power is exercised through language and aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in discourse. The document outlines Fairclough's three-dimensional framework for CDA and compares different approaches to CDA, noting common points like the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. Key theorists who have contributed to developing CDA are also listed.
Contrastive rhetoric
This document provides an overview of contrastive rhetoric, which examines how a person's first language and culture influence their writing in a second language. It traces the history and development of contrastive rhetoric from the 1960s to present. It also discusses key topics within contrastive rhetoric like error analysis, cultural influences on writing conventions, genre studies, and research methods. The conclusion emphasizes that contrastive rhetoric raises awareness of cultural differences in writing patterns across languages.
Halliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discourse considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communication. Unlike structural approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics analyzes social context first and then how language is influenced by and influences that context. A key concept is the "context of situation" which relates the social environment to the functional organization of language.
Systemic Functional Linguistics
Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) views language as a social semiotic system used to exchange meanings in social contexts. SFL was developed by Michael Halliday to study the relationship between language and its functions in social settings. It treats grammar as a meaning-making resource and considers how language evolves under the pressure of functions it must serve in society. SFL analyzes language through three metafunctions - the ideational to express experience, the interpersonal to enact social relationships, and the textual to create coherent messages.
Style & audience
This document discusses audience design and language style. It defines audience design as the linguistic shift that occurs in response to the speaker's audience. There are four types of audiences: address, auditor, overhearer, and eavesdropper. Style refers to the way language is used in a particular context and can vary based on vocabulary, idioms, syntax, grammar, and other factors. Different contexts may use formal, modified formal, colloquial, or ultra-colloquial styles. Factors like social context, class, gender, community, age and sex can also influence style.
Point Of View
This document discusses point of view in stories. There are two main categories of point of view: first person and third person. First person narration tells the story from the perspective of one of the characters using "I", while third person uses "he", "she", or "they". Within these there are subdivisions, including first person as protagonist or secondary character, third person multiple omniscience showing all characters' perspectives, selective omniscience limited to one character, and dramatic/objective limited to observable actions and dialogue.
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discourse analysis
This document discusses 7 approaches to discourse analysis:
1. Conversation analysis examines the structure and organization of natural conversation.
2. Ethnography analyzes language use within social and cultural contexts through observation and interviews.
3. Corpus-based analysis uses large text databases to study language patterns and variations in genres.
4. Multimodal analysis views communication as involving multiple modes beyond just language.
5. Genre analysis describes conventional language patterns associated with academic and professional settings.
6. Critical discourse analysis critically examines how language relates to power and social inequality.
7. Mediated discourse analysis focuses on how social actions are carried out through discourse within cultural and historical contexts.
flowerdew basics
This chapter discusses definitions of discourse and discourse analysis, including "little d" discourse referring to language in context and "big D" discourse as specialized language of social groups. It outlines structural and functional approaches to discourse analysis and describes various disciplines and main approaches. Context and models of communication are examined, including Hymes' 16 contextual features and Halliday's three parameters of context. The development of the concept of communicative competence from Hymes to Canale and Swain to Celce-Murcia is summarized.
Ppp discourse analysis for language teacher
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
Ppt discourse analysis
The document discusses the interface between discourse analysis and language teaching. It argues that discourse analysis provides the basis for creating learning contexts and teaching language areas and skills. A discourse-oriented curriculum focuses on context, text types, and communicative goals to provide teachers with proper grounding in discourse analysis and training in pedagogical discourse and cross-cultural communication.
Unit 1
Basic concepts in relation to Pragmatics, Discourse, Co-text, Contextual Variables and Discourse Analysis
Summary Discourse Analysis by Michael McCarthy
This document summarizes discourse analysis, which is the study of language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written interaction and considers linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Spoken discourse follows patterns of interaction like turn-taking and adjacency pairs. Written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion, coherence, and signaling relationships between clauses and paragraphs. Discourse analysis takes an interdisciplinary approach drawing from linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and other fields to understand how language functions in different social settings and contexts.
Discourse analysis and language teaching
This ppt provides summarized ideas of the relation between discourse analysis and language teaching. This ppt was used of the course "Discourse Analysis" at UCSC.
Critical discourse analysis
This document discusses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It begins by defining key terms like discourse, language, and the branches of linguistics. Discourse is described as consisting of sentences with cohesion and coherence. Language is defined as a symbol system that is arbitrary, complex, and constantly changing. CDA examines how language shapes social relations and power structures. The document outlines different definitions of discourse and the relationship between text, context, and meaning.
Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre)
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
----------
The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
---------VIDEO
From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
The study of discourse
In the mid-1960s, several new interdisciplinary fields emerged related to the study of discourse, including semiotics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. These fields studied language use beyond isolated sentences and focused on properties of natural language use. They examined discourse from the perspectives of anthropology, linguistics, formal grammar, pragmatics, semiotics, conversation analysis, and sociolinguistics. Despite different backgrounds, these new fields shared a common interest in studying real language use rather than abstract language.
Discourse analysis as a new cross discipline
1. Discourse analysis has its origins in classical rhetoric but declined as an academic discipline. It reemerged in the 1960s through structuralist analyses of narratives, myths, and forms of communication across disciplines like anthropology, linguistics, and semiotics.
2. In the mid-1960s, structural analyses of discourse were published that applied structural linguistics to literature, film, and other cultural forms. This sparked interest in systematically studying language use, discourse, and communication across fields.
3. By the early 1970s, discourse analysis was emerging as a new interdisciplinary field drawing from functional linguistics, text linguistics, and approaches studying indigenous narratives, conversation, and other genres.
Discourse analysis cda summary
It provides an overview of CDA, noting that it studies social phenomena through analyzing power structures and ideologies revealed in language use. CDA differs from Conversation Analysis in its orientation towards critiquing social institutions and relations of power. An example shows how CDA could analyze power dynamics between a teacher and student. The summary then outlines key concepts of CDA like discourse, critical orientation, and ideologies, before describing the methodology involving interpreting texts to reveal power structures and relating findings to theory.
Isfd 41 18-lee4-genre, text, grammar
This is a reading guide, with some theory for college students. Subject Language and Written Expression 4.
Role of language and discourse into the cultural studies
This document discusses the role of language and discourse in cultural studies. It defines communication as the process of community where new meanings are offered, received, and compared, leading to growth and change. Language constructs realities through words, speech, paintings, and photography. Culture involves sharing meanings, and communication creates community. Meanings are arrived at through negotiation and change. Representation uses signs like images, words, sounds, or concepts to generate meanings. Discourse generates particular meanings and is the context for a culture's communication, meaning production, and interpretation. Language occurs at various levels from phonetics to discourse. Representation happens in language and discourse through subjects, names, objects, identities, symbols, metaphors, and visualization. Cultural
Discourse analysis for language teachers
Discourse analysis refers to the study of relationships between language and context. It examines both written and spoken language in use. Discourse analysis has developed since the 1960s from various fields including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Key developments included studying language as social action, conversational structure, and the form and function of language. Discourse analysis interprets language based on both its grammatical form and communicative function within different social contexts and interactions.
religion discourse analysis
This document discusses religion as a domain of intercultural discourse. It notes that religion is a prominent aspect of most human societies and a natural locus for intercultural communication. However, defining religion can be elusive as it is interconnected with culture and language. The document examines how religious language involves intercultural discourse through religious talk, culture, and texts. It also explores how religious doctrine can breed views of language and influence language production. Finally, the document concludes that religious language at an intercultural intersection can be a means of preservation or a mechanism for outward assertion, meriting further investigation.
What is Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It begins with definitions of discourse and discourse analysis. CDA examines how power is exercised through language and aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in discourse. The document outlines Fairclough's three-dimensional framework for CDA and compares different approaches to CDA, noting common points like the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. Key theorists who have contributed to developing CDA are also listed.
Contrastive rhetoric
This document provides an overview of contrastive rhetoric, which examines how a person's first language and culture influence their writing in a second language. It traces the history and development of contrastive rhetoric from the 1960s to present. It also discusses key topics within contrastive rhetoric like error analysis, cultural influences on writing conventions, genre studies, and research methods. The conclusion emphasizes that contrastive rhetoric raises awareness of cultural differences in writing patterns across languages.
Halliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discourse considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communication. Unlike structural approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics analyzes social context first and then how language is influenced by and influences that context. A key concept is the "context of situation" which relates the social environment to the functional organization of language.
Systemic Functional Linguistics
Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) views language as a social semiotic system used to exchange meanings in social contexts. SFL was developed by Michael Halliday to study the relationship between language and its functions in social settings. It treats grammar as a meaning-making resource and considers how language evolves under the pressure of functions it must serve in society. SFL analyzes language through three metafunctions - the ideational to express experience, the interpersonal to enact social relationships, and the textual to create coherent messages.
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Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre)
Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre)
Role of language and discourse into the cultural studies
Role of language and discourse into the cultural studies
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Point Of View
This document discusses point of view in stories. There are two main categories of point of view: first person and third person. First person narration tells the story from the perspective of one of the characters using "I", while third person uses "he", "she", or "they". Within these there are subdivisions, including first person as protagonist or secondary character, third person multiple omniscience showing all characters' perspectives, selective omniscience limited to one character, and dramatic/objective limited to observable actions and dialogue.
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Literary theories kel.2
1. In the 18th century, literature embodied the values of the upper classes and helped unite the middle and upper classes after the civil war.
2. In the 19th century, literature emerged as a distinct concept during the Romantic period, focusing on imagination and creativity rather than just technical writing. Major romantic poets also had political and philosophical influences.
3. In the 20th century, the study of English literature grew to instill values in the middle class and pacify workers, as religion failed to serve as an ideology. It became a way to transfer moral law and nationalism during wartime.
Theoretical Issues In Pragmatics And Discourse Analysis
The document discusses theoretical issues in pragmatics and discourse analysis from both cognitive and social perspectives. It notes key differences in how each views the nature and study of discourse - as static wholes shaped by social forces versus dynamic processes of information exchange. While acknowledging valid insights from both, it argues for a mechanistic "discourse as process" approach that models understanding as an incremental, parallel adjustment of representations over time. Coherence is seen as an emergent property of thought rather than an inherent feature of language.
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This document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its historical development and key concepts. It discusses how discourse analysis examines language use in context beyond the sentence level, analyzing speech acts, conversations, and written texts. The document also covers various models for analyzing spoken and written discourse, how discourse is structured, and how larger patterns in texts are interpreted. Discourse analysis is presented as a broad field that studies both spoken and written language use and how it relates to social contexts.
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1) Defining discourse and the different approaches to discourse analysis.
2) Outlining some of the key concepts in discourse analysis like semiotics, meaning, and how discourse works.
3) Discussing the tools and techniques used in discourse analysis like conceptual frameworks, close reading, and quantitative analysis methods.
4) Critiquing the use of discourse analysis in education and providing guidance on when it may or may not be appropriate.
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Discourse
Discourse analysis examines how sentences form coherent units like paragraphs and conversations. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between discourse elements, created through devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. However, coherence depends on how people interpret a discourse based on their background knowledge and expectations. While cohesive devices link utterances, coherence involves constructing a meaningful interpretation in line with one's experience of the world.
Discourse Studies
The document discusses discourse analysis and related concepts. It defines discourse as language use beyond the sentence level that occurs in social contexts. Discourse is realized through language, texts, and communication. Texts are analyzed at different levels, including semantics, lexicogrammar, and phonology/graphology. Discourse analysis examines how texts relate to their contexts and social practices.
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This chapter discusses discourse analysis approaches to pronunciation and intonation for language teachers. It covers traditional views of pronunciation teaching focusing on phonemes but notes issues with this when applied to natural discourse. Most of the chapter focuses on intonation, exploring traditional views of rhythm, word stress, prominence, and intonational units. It examines grammatical, attitudinal and interactive approaches to understanding the meanings conveyed by intonation patterns. The key point is that intonation is best understood from an interactive viewpoint as signaling the flow and information structure of discourse rather than conveying fixed attitudes.
The Role of context (Discourse Analysis)
The document discusses the importance of context in discourse analysis. It makes three key points:
1. A discourse analyst must consider the context in which a piece of discourse occurs, as context helps establish the meanings of linguistic elements. Context provides information about participants, time, location, and relationships between utterances.
2. Interpreting language requires understanding reference, presupposition, implicature, and inference based on the context. Determining implied versus literal meaning depends on context.
3. Several scholars, including Firth and Hymes, developed frameworks for systematically analyzing the elements of context, including participants, objects, settings, interactions, and how context influences meaning. Thoroughly understanding context is essential for discourse analysis
Discourse vs text
The document discusses the confusion in distinguishing between discourse analysis and text analysis. Some researchers use the terms inconsistently or propose distinctions that do not hold up. For example, Widdowson claimed texts are made up of sentences while discourses are made up of utterances, but this contradicts established definitions. Others claim texts are physical products while discourses are processes, but the findings of studies labeled as text analysis or discourse analysis often overlap. Therefore, maintaining a strict distinction between discourse analysis and text analysis is unnecessary.
Discourse analysis new
The document discusses the key concepts of discourse analysis including:
- Language has both transactional and interactional functions
- Spoken and written language differ in their production and use
- Utterances refer to spoken language while sentences refer to written language
- Discourse analysts study natural language use in context to describe regularities rather than rules
- The focus is on language as a dynamic process rather than just the static products of language
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Discourse analysis
- 2. Discourse Analysis can be used in Applied linguistics Conversation analysis Pragmatics Rhetoric Stylistics Text linguistics Linguistics
- 3. Applied linguistics • The systematic study of language structure. • The acquisition of first and subsequent languages. • The role of language in communication. Explores how children acquire language. Studies how the skills of second language develop. Investigates how the social or cultural environment interact with language.
- 4. Text linguistics The description and analysis of extended texts (either written or spoken) in communicative contexts. It takes into account the form of a text, the way in which it is situated in an international, communicative context. “There’s a written text that accompanies the analyzed text: CON – TEXT”
- 5. Stylistics Style. Regional accents or dialects. Use of grammar (active and passive voice). Sentence lengths. Language register. What the style of language reveals. INTERPRETATION.
- 6. Grammatical Analysis • It’s to only see the simple sentence without looking for something else. Discourse Analysis • The type of linguistic material is sometimes described as 'performance data' and may contain features such as hesitations, slips, and non- standard forms which a linguist like Chomsky (1965) believed should not have to be accounted for in the grammar of a language.
- 7. Why do we study Discourse Analysis? 1. As linguists, to find out how language works, to improve our understanding of an important kind of human activity. 2. As educators, to find out how good texts work, so that we can focus on teaching our students these writing/speaking strategies. 3. As critical analysts, to discover meanings in the text which are not obvious on the surface (e.g., analyzing a politician’s speech to see their preconceptions).