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Discourse analysis in applied linguistics
The document discusses different approaches to discourse analysis including sociology, sociolinguistics, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. It also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims, Hymes' speaking grid for analyzing communicative events, and natural vs. non-natural meaning.
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Discourse analysis in applied linguistics
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- 2. Discourse is morethan just language use: it is language use, whether speech or writing, seen as a type of social practices (Fairlough, 1992: 28). The analysis of discourse is, necessarily, the analysis of language in use. That of language as an instrument of communication, whose expression is discourse (Benveniste in Mills, 1997: 4-5).
- 3. Approaches to DiscourseAnalysis Sociology Sociolinguistics Philosophy Linguistics Artificial Intelligence • Conversational Analysis • Ethnography • Interactional Sociolinguistics • Variation Theory • Speech Act Theory • Pragmatics • Structural- Functional • Social Semiotic • Birmingham School • SFL • SFL • CDA Eggins & Slade,1997
- 4. Approaches to DiscourseAnalysis Sociology • Conversational Analysis Sociolinguistics • Ethnography • Interactional Sociolinguistics • Variation Theory Philosophy • Speech Act Theory • Pragmatics Linguistics • Structural- Functional • Birmingham School • SFL Artificial Intelligence • Social Semiotic • SFL • CDA The action performed by producing an utterance will consist of three related acts. 1.Locution 2.Illocution 3.Perlocution
- 5. Example: (by ateacher to the class) “You can play outside for a half an hour”
- 6. Approaches to DiscourseAnalysis Sociology • Conversational Analysis Sociolinguistics • Ethnography • Interactional Sociolinguistics • Variation Theory Linguistics • Structural- Functional • Birmingham School • SFL Artificial Intelligence • Social Semiotic • SFL • CDA Philosophy • Speech Act Theory • Pragmatics Hymes (1974) has proposed a methodology used to discover communicative events. He classified the components is known as the speaking grid.
- 7. Sociology • Conversational Analysis Approaches to Discourse Analysis Sociolinguistics • Ethnography • Interactional Sociolinguistics • Variation Theory Philosophy • Speech Act Theory • Pragmatics Linguistics 1. The Maxim of Quantity 2. The Maxim of Quality 3. The Maxim of • Structural- Functional Relation: be relevant 4. The Maxim of Manner: be perspicuous • Birmingham School • SFL Artificial Intelligence • Social Semiotic • SFL • CDA Speaker meaning Cooperative principle Cooperative principle is subdivided into a set of conversational maxims and sub-maxims. 1. Non-natural meaning 2. Natural meaning
- 8. Example: Carol :Are you coming to the party tonight? Lara: I’ve got exam tomorrow.