Summary Discourse Analysis by Michael McCarthy
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This document summarizes discourse analysis, which is the study of language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written interaction and considers linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Spoken discourse follows patterns of interaction like turn-taking and adjacency pairs. Written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion, coherence, and signaling relationships between clauses and paragraphs. Discourse analysis takes an interdisciplinary approach drawing from linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and other fields to understand how language functions in different social settings and contexts.
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Discourse analysis for language teacher.
Discourse analysis is concerned with studying language in use and the relationship between language and context. It examines both written texts and spoken language. Several influential approaches developed in the 1960s and 1970s from fields including linguistics, psychology, and sociology. Discourse analysis considers how grammatical form relates to communicative function. It also examines speech acts, the structure of conversations and written texts, and how language is used as social activity.
Discourse analysis for language teachers
Discourse analysis refers to the study of relationships between language and context. It examines both written and spoken language in use. Discourse analysis has developed since the 1960s from various fields including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Key developments included studying language as social action, conversational structure, and the form and function of language. Discourse analysis interprets language based on both its grammatical form and communicative function within different social contexts and interactions.
Michael halliday
Michael Halliday is an internationally renowned linguist who has significantly contributed to theories of language and related areas since the late 1950s. He is best known for developing systemic functional linguistics (SFL), shifting the focus from syntax to a more semiotic approach. SFL analyzes language through three metafunctions - the ideational which conceptualizes the world, the interpersonal which represents the speaker, and the textual which manages discourse flow.
Introduction to Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis as a research method. It discusses what constitutes a discourse, including language-in-use and how form and function are related. Context is important to discourse analysis. The document also examines speech acts, discourse structure using examples, and differences between spoken and written discourse. It notes some complications that can arise in analyzing unstructured spoken interaction versus more structured settings.
Discourse and conversation
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It explains that conversation analysis looks at everyday spoken discourse to understand how people manage interactions and develop social relations. Conversation analysis involves transcribing recordings of conversations, where the transcription itself is part of the analysis process. Transcription conventions are used to systematically represent speech. Aspects of conversational structure that are examined include openings, closings, turn-taking, sequences of related utterances known as adjacency pairs, and preferences for certain responses.
Conversational analysis
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It defines interaction and conversation, and explains the basic structure of turn-taking in conversation. It also describes important conversational elements like pauses, overlaps, backchannels, conversational style, adjacency pairs, and preference structure. Adjacency pairs refer to expected question-answer sequences in conversations, while preference structure indicates that acceptance is a more preferred response than refusal.
Discourse analysis ppt
Discourse analysis involves analyzing language in its social context. It analyzes real texts, not artificial ones, and looks at utterances rather than isolated sentences. There are several approaches to discourse analysis, including sociology, ethnography, variation theory, and systemic functional linguistics. Spoken and written discourse differ in aspects like lexical density, grammar use, and repetition of words. Corpus linguistics uses large text databases to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze patterns of language use and variation in discourse. Discourse analysis can inform language pedagogy by helping teachers delineate genres, explain text features, evaluate student performance, and teach discourse structures.
Systemic Functional Linguistics
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41st International Systemic Funcional Congresss
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Discourse analysis for language teacher.
Discourse analysis is concerned with studying language in use and the relationship between language and context. It examines both written texts and spoken language. Several influential approaches developed in the 1960s and 1970s from fields including linguistics, psychology, and sociology. Discourse analysis considers how grammatical form relates to communicative function. It also examines speech acts, the structure of conversations and written texts, and how language is used as social activity.
Discourse analysis for language teachers
Discourse analysis refers to the study of relationships between language and context. It examines both written and spoken language in use. Discourse analysis has developed since the 1960s from various fields including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Key developments included studying language as social action, conversational structure, and the form and function of language. Discourse analysis interprets language based on both its grammatical form and communicative function within different social contexts and interactions.
Michael halliday
Michael Halliday is an internationally renowned linguist who has significantly contributed to theories of language and related areas since the late 1950s. He is best known for developing systemic functional linguistics (SFL), shifting the focus from syntax to a more semiotic approach. SFL analyzes language through three metafunctions - the ideational which conceptualizes the world, the interpersonal which represents the speaker, and the textual which manages discourse flow.
Introduction to Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis as a research method. It discusses what constitutes a discourse, including language-in-use and how form and function are related. Context is important to discourse analysis. The document also examines speech acts, discourse structure using examples, and differences between spoken and written discourse. It notes some complications that can arise in analyzing unstructured spoken interaction versus more structured settings.
Discourse and conversation
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It explains that conversation analysis looks at everyday spoken discourse to understand how people manage interactions and develop social relations. Conversation analysis involves transcribing recordings of conversations, where the transcription itself is part of the analysis process. Transcription conventions are used to systematically represent speech. Aspects of conversational structure that are examined include openings, closings, turn-taking, sequences of related utterances known as adjacency pairs, and preferences for certain responses.
Conversational analysis
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It defines interaction and conversation, and explains the basic structure of turn-taking in conversation. It also describes important conversational elements like pauses, overlaps, backchannels, conversational style, adjacency pairs, and preference structure. Adjacency pairs refer to expected question-answer sequences in conversations, while preference structure indicates that acceptance is a more preferred response than refusal.
Discourse analysis ppt
Discourse analysis involves analyzing language in its social context. It analyzes real texts, not artificial ones, and looks at utterances rather than isolated sentences. There are several approaches to discourse analysis, including sociology, ethnography, variation theory, and systemic functional linguistics. Spoken and written discourse differ in aspects like lexical density, grammar use, and repetition of words. Corpus linguistics uses large text databases to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze patterns of language use and variation in discourse. Discourse analysis can inform language pedagogy by helping teachers delineate genres, explain text features, evaluate student performance, and teach discourse structures.
Systemic Functional Linguistics
The Professor Felicia Oviedo shared you experience in the...
41st International Systemic Funcional Congresss
X Latin-American Systemic Functional Congress
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Mendoza, Argentina
Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis and different approaches to analyzing discourse. It discusses how discourse analysis examines both spoken and written language in their social contexts. Several key approaches are described, including conversation analysis, variation theory, systemic functional linguistics, and critical discourse analysis. The document also compares differences between spoken and written language at the levels of grammar and vocabulary choice.
Spoken language (Discourse Analysis)
This document discusses spoken language and discourse types. It begins by defining speaking as an interactive process of constructing meaning through producing, receiving and processing information. It then discusses how speaking has evolved from repetition drills to focusing on communicative skills. The document outlines different types of spoken discourse like conversations, interviews, and stories. It also examines elements of discourse like turn-taking, topics, adjacency pairs, and the structure of narratives. The conclusion emphasizes that understanding spoken discourse types helps create more authentic speaking activities for language learners.
Genre Analysis
This document discusses genre analysis and different types of genres. It defines genre as a way to group texts that share common communicative purposes. There are three main approaches to genre analysis in applied linguistics: English for Specific Purposes, New Rhetoric, and functional-systematic. The document also discusses public genres that are openly accessible versus occluded genres that are more closed. It provides examples of academic and professional genres and describes characteristics of professional genres like genre integrity and being products of established disciplinary procedures. The conclusion states that genre analysis enhances understanding of language use within important discourse communities.
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
The document discusses discourse analysis and the differences between spoken and written language. It summarizes that discourse analysis focuses on language beyond the sentence level. It notes that language serves both a transactional function of expressing content and an interactional function of expressing social relations and attitudes. While spoken and written language are related, they differ in form. The document analyzes in spoken language is based on natural language utterances rather than constructed examples, and involves discovering regularities in authentic data within a context.
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines how social power and inequality are reproduced through text and talk. CDA aims to understand and resist social domination by making power relations and ideologies more transparent. CDA analyzes both micro-level discourse and macro-level social structures, and how they interconnect. It focuses on how discourse enactes, confirms, or challenges power abuse and inequality between social groups.
Discourse analysis by gillian brown & george yule
This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
What is Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It begins with definitions of discourse and discourse analysis. CDA examines how power is exercised through language and aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in discourse. The document outlines Fairclough's three-dimensional framework for CDA and compares different approaches to CDA, noting common points like the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. Key theorists who have contributed to developing CDA are also listed.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and various approaches to studying discourse. It defines discourse as language use above the sentence level and discusses the importance of situational context, background knowledge, and co-textual context in discourse analysis. It then describes several approaches to discourse analysis including conversation analysis, ethnography of communication, and pragmatics. Key concepts in these approaches like turn-taking, speech acts, implicature, and Hymes's SPEAKING model are also summarized.
Written Language in Discourse Analysis
This document provides an overview of key concepts in written language and discourse analysis from 6 chapters of a book. It discusses notions of coherence, clause relations, and textual patterns in chapter 1. It explores cohesion, theme and rheme, and tense and aspect in chapter 2. Chapter 3 examines lexical cohesion and vocabulary for organizing text. Principles of spoken and written discourse are compared. The document also outlines various textual patterns commonly found in written works like problem-solution, general-specific, and question-answer patterns. Finally, it discusses the influence of discourse analysis on reading pedagogy and the importance of both bottom-up and top-down reading strategies.
Systemic functional grammar
This document provides an overview of systemic functional grammar and linguistics. It discusses traditional grammar, formal grammar, and functional grammar. Functional grammar is concerned with both language structures and how those structures construct meaning. It analyzes clauses in terms of participants, processes, and circumstances rather than parts of speech. The document also discusses the connection between context and text, explaining how context of situation and culture influence language use and meaning. Context of situation includes factors like field, tenor, and mode. Finally, the document defines genre as culturally specific text types used to accomplish purposes, with distinctive stages and linguistic features.
Systemic Functional Grammar
This document provides an introduction to Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). It discusses the following key points:
1) SFG views language as a system of choices and was developed based on the work of Malinowski, Firth, and Halliday. It examines language from a functional perspective rather than just a structural perspective.
2) SFG represents grammar as system networks that show the paradigmatic choices available and realization rules that map choices to syntactic structures. This models the relationship between semantic choices and surface structures.
3) In SFG, language is analyzed in terms of three metafunctions - the ideational to represent experience, the interpersonal to enact social relationships, and the textual to organize messages
Written language - Discourse Analysis
Written language emerged around 3500 BC in Sumer in Mesopotamia. Other early writing systems developed in China and among the Mayans. While spoken language is natural, written language is less so due to differences from spoken language like orthography replacing phonology and more formal syntax. Written language allows for a permanent record of information and serves different social functions than spoken language. It differs from spoken language in that the writer and readers may be separated in time and space, the act of writing is deliberate, and writers may not know their audience. Written texts also contain more content words that carry meaning.
Hatim and Mason [Translation Theory and Practice] (Compressed Discussion)
Hatim and Mason developed an influential model for analyzing texts in translation studies based on Halliday's model of language. Their model incorporates register analysis and pragmatic analysis, combining bottom-up analysis of signs, context, and discourse with top-down consideration of the semiotic level. They view language and texts as representations of social messages and power relations within different discourses. While proposing foundations for a text analysis model, their approach incorporates many concepts and may not constitute a clearly applicable model.
Discourse analysis (Schmitt's book chapter 4)
The document discusses discourse analysis and its approaches. It covers conversational analysis, ethnography, speech act theory, structural functional linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. Conversational analysis examines patterns in turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channel responses in natural conversations. Ethnography uses the speaking grid and analyzes speech events and genres. Structural functional linguistics developed models to analyze classroom discourse with transactions, exchanges, moves, and acts.
Functional Linguistics
The document discusses functional linguistics theories including Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and Speech Act Theory. It covers:
- SFG views meaning as primary, with language having features to perform functions. Two main schools are the Prague School (Jakobson) and Copenhagen School (Halliday).
- Jakobson identified 6 language functions. Halliday identified 3 metafunctions - ideational (experience), interpersonal (interaction), and textual (structure).
- Speech Act Theory sees utterances as doing more than just meaning, with locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts include assertives, directives, commissives, expressives,
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and key concepts in analyzing language use and interpretation. It covers the Hallidayan model of language which analyzes context of culture, context of situation (including field, tenor, mode), genre, and register. It also discusses Grice's cooperative principle and maxims of conversation, implicatures, and approaches to discourse analysis including initial analysis, conversation analysis, and critical discourse analysis.
Discourse Analysis Weeks 1,2,3 and 4.pdf
This document provides an introduction to the course "Introduction to Discourse Analysis" taught by Abdelmalek El Kadoussi. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including defining discourse and discourse analysis, examining language use in context, relationships between discourse and knowledge/society/genres/conversation, and approaches like critical discourse analysis. The course outline lists the weekly topics to be covered over 12 weeks. It emphasizes that discourse analysis considers how language varies based on factors like subject area, social context, culture, and participant identities.
Language Assessment - Assessing Speaking byEFL Learners
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Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in language use. CDA explores the connection between language and its social/political contexts. Key principles of CDA are that social issues are constructed through discourse, power relations are negotiated in discourse, and ideologies are produced in discourse. CDA analyzes discourse genres, framing, multimodality, identity construction, and texts from the world wide web. Criticisms of CDA include that it does not sufficiently consider reader interpretation or provide systematic textual analysis.
Discourse Analysis Jeanneth Calvache
This document discusses discourse analysis, which involves studying the relationship between language and its social context. It examines several key thinkers in the field like Harris, Hymes, and Austin who studied language from linguistic, sociological, and philosophical perspectives. Discourse analysis considers both linguistic and non-linguistic factors in spoken and written communication. Spoken discourse varies based on the type of interaction and roles of participants, while written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion and coherence. Different social contexts lead to variations in conversational styles and structures.
Discourse analysis for language teachers
Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how context affects meaning. It examines both spoken and written language. For spoken language, models analyze elements like turn-taking and topic management in conversations. Written language relies more on cohesion between sentences to create coherence for the reader. Discourse analysis interprets language forms based on linguistic and situational factors, as the same form can express different functions depending on context.
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Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis and different approaches to analyzing discourse. It discusses how discourse analysis examines both spoken and written language in their social contexts. Several key approaches are described, including conversation analysis, variation theory, systemic functional linguistics, and critical discourse analysis. The document also compares differences between spoken and written language at the levels of grammar and vocabulary choice.
Spoken language (Discourse Analysis)
This document discusses spoken language and discourse types. It begins by defining speaking as an interactive process of constructing meaning through producing, receiving and processing information. It then discusses how speaking has evolved from repetition drills to focusing on communicative skills. The document outlines different types of spoken discourse like conversations, interviews, and stories. It also examines elements of discourse like turn-taking, topics, adjacency pairs, and the structure of narratives. The conclusion emphasizes that understanding spoken discourse types helps create more authentic speaking activities for language learners.
Genre Analysis
This document discusses genre analysis and different types of genres. It defines genre as a way to group texts that share common communicative purposes. There are three main approaches to genre analysis in applied linguistics: English for Specific Purposes, New Rhetoric, and functional-systematic. The document also discusses public genres that are openly accessible versus occluded genres that are more closed. It provides examples of academic and professional genres and describes characteristics of professional genres like genre integrity and being products of established disciplinary procedures. The conclusion states that genre analysis enhances understanding of language use within important discourse communities.
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
The document discusses discourse analysis and the differences between spoken and written language. It summarizes that discourse analysis focuses on language beyond the sentence level. It notes that language serves both a transactional function of expressing content and an interactional function of expressing social relations and attitudes. While spoken and written language are related, they differ in form. The document analyzes in spoken language is based on natural language utterances rather than constructed examples, and involves discovering regularities in authentic data within a context.
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines how social power and inequality are reproduced through text and talk. CDA aims to understand and resist social domination by making power relations and ideologies more transparent. CDA analyzes both micro-level discourse and macro-level social structures, and how they interconnect. It focuses on how discourse enactes, confirms, or challenges power abuse and inequality between social groups.
Discourse analysis by gillian brown & george yule
This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
What is Discourse analysis
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It begins with definitions of discourse and discourse analysis. CDA examines how power is exercised through language and aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in discourse. The document outlines Fairclough's three-dimensional framework for CDA and compares different approaches to CDA, noting common points like the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. Key theorists who have contributed to developing CDA are also listed.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and various approaches to studying discourse. It defines discourse as language use above the sentence level and discusses the importance of situational context, background knowledge, and co-textual context in discourse analysis. It then describes several approaches to discourse analysis including conversation analysis, ethnography of communication, and pragmatics. Key concepts in these approaches like turn-taking, speech acts, implicature, and Hymes's SPEAKING model are also summarized.
Written Language in Discourse Analysis
This document provides an overview of key concepts in written language and discourse analysis from 6 chapters of a book. It discusses notions of coherence, clause relations, and textual patterns in chapter 1. It explores cohesion, theme and rheme, and tense and aspect in chapter 2. Chapter 3 examines lexical cohesion and vocabulary for organizing text. Principles of spoken and written discourse are compared. The document also outlines various textual patterns commonly found in written works like problem-solution, general-specific, and question-answer patterns. Finally, it discusses the influence of discourse analysis on reading pedagogy and the importance of both bottom-up and top-down reading strategies.
Systemic functional grammar
This document provides an overview of systemic functional grammar and linguistics. It discusses traditional grammar, formal grammar, and functional grammar. Functional grammar is concerned with both language structures and how those structures construct meaning. It analyzes clauses in terms of participants, processes, and circumstances rather than parts of speech. The document also discusses the connection between context and text, explaining how context of situation and culture influence language use and meaning. Context of situation includes factors like field, tenor, and mode. Finally, the document defines genre as culturally specific text types used to accomplish purposes, with distinctive stages and linguistic features.
Systemic Functional Grammar
This document provides an introduction to Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). It discusses the following key points:
1) SFG views language as a system of choices and was developed based on the work of Malinowski, Firth, and Halliday. It examines language from a functional perspective rather than just a structural perspective.
2) SFG represents grammar as system networks that show the paradigmatic choices available and realization rules that map choices to syntactic structures. This models the relationship between semantic choices and surface structures.
3) In SFG, language is analyzed in terms of three metafunctions - the ideational to represent experience, the interpersonal to enact social relationships, and the textual to organize messages
Written language - Discourse Analysis
Written language emerged around 3500 BC in Sumer in Mesopotamia. Other early writing systems developed in China and among the Mayans. While spoken language is natural, written language is less so due to differences from spoken language like orthography replacing phonology and more formal syntax. Written language allows for a permanent record of information and serves different social functions than spoken language. It differs from spoken language in that the writer and readers may be separated in time and space, the act of writing is deliberate, and writers may not know their audience. Written texts also contain more content words that carry meaning.
Hatim and Mason [Translation Theory and Practice] (Compressed Discussion)
Hatim and Mason developed an influential model for analyzing texts in translation studies based on Halliday's model of language. Their model incorporates register analysis and pragmatic analysis, combining bottom-up analysis of signs, context, and discourse with top-down consideration of the semiotic level. They view language and texts as representations of social messages and power relations within different discourses. While proposing foundations for a text analysis model, their approach incorporates many concepts and may not constitute a clearly applicable model.
Discourse analysis (Schmitt's book chapter 4)
The document discusses discourse analysis and its approaches. It covers conversational analysis, ethnography, speech act theory, structural functional linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. Conversational analysis examines patterns in turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channel responses in natural conversations. Ethnography uses the speaking grid and analyzes speech events and genres. Structural functional linguistics developed models to analyze classroom discourse with transactions, exchanges, moves, and acts.
Functional Linguistics
The document discusses functional linguistics theories including Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and Speech Act Theory. It covers:
- SFG views meaning as primary, with language having features to perform functions. Two main schools are the Prague School (Jakobson) and Copenhagen School (Halliday).
- Jakobson identified 6 language functions. Halliday identified 3 metafunctions - ideational (experience), interpersonal (interaction), and textual (structure).
- Speech Act Theory sees utterances as doing more than just meaning, with locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts include assertives, directives, commissives, expressives,
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and key concepts in analyzing language use and interpretation. It covers the Hallidayan model of language which analyzes context of culture, context of situation (including field, tenor, mode), genre, and register. It also discusses Grice's cooperative principle and maxims of conversation, implicatures, and approaches to discourse analysis including initial analysis, conversation analysis, and critical discourse analysis.
Discourse Analysis Weeks 1,2,3 and 4.pdf
This document provides an introduction to the course "Introduction to Discourse Analysis" taught by Abdelmalek El Kadoussi. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including defining discourse and discourse analysis, examining language use in context, relationships between discourse and knowledge/society/genres/conversation, and approaches like critical discourse analysis. The course outline lists the weekly topics to be covered over 12 weeks. It emphasizes that discourse analysis considers how language varies based on factors like subject area, social context, culture, and participant identities.
Language Assessment - Assessing Speaking byEFL Learners
The importance and basic type of speaking, micro- and macro skills of speaking, and how to observing the performance and designed the assessment tasks
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) aims to reveal hidden values and perspectives in language use. CDA explores the connection between language and its social/political contexts. Key principles of CDA are that social issues are constructed through discourse, power relations are negotiated in discourse, and ideologies are produced in discourse. CDA analyzes discourse genres, framing, multimodality, identity construction, and texts from the world wide web. Criticisms of CDA include that it does not sufficiently consider reader interpretation or provide systematic textual analysis.
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Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
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This document discusses discourse analysis, which involves studying the relationship between language and its social context. It examines several key thinkers in the field like Harris, Hymes, and Austin who studied language from linguistic, sociological, and philosophical perspectives. Discourse analysis considers both linguistic and non-linguistic factors in spoken and written communication. Spoken discourse varies based on the type of interaction and roles of participants, while written discourse allows more planning but relies on cohesion and coherence. Different social contexts lead to variations in conversational styles and structures.
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This guide for students and practitioners is introduced by Christopher J. Hall, Patrick H. Smith, and Rachel Wicaksono. This presentation talks about discourse analysis and its several definitions including the pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis), linguistic approaches to discourse analysis, social approaches to discourse analysis, and themes in contemporary discourse analysis. This will discuss the nature of discourse analysis in context significant to all PhD Language Studies students around the globe.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis can be used in various fields including applied linguistics, conversation analysis, pragmatics, rhetoric, and text linguistics. It involves the systematic study of language structure and acquisition, and explores how language is used in communication and how social and cultural factors interact with language. Text linguistics describes and analyzes extended written or spoken texts in their communicative context, taking into account elements like form, context, and style. Discourse analysis studies actual language use including features like hesitations and non-standard forms, in order to better understand how language works in practice.
6850021.ppt
Discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond words and sentences. It looks at patterns of language across texts and the relationship between language and its social/cultural context. Discourse analysis considers how language presents different views of the world and identities, and how language use is influenced by relationships between participants and affects social identities. It examines both spoken and written texts.
Book review on approaches and methods in language teaching
This document provides a summary of the book "Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching" by Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers. It discusses the contents of the book including chapters on various language teaching approaches like grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. It also provides biographies of the authors and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the book, comparing it to other texts.
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Dell Hymes was an influential linguist known for developing the concept of communicative competence. He argued that knowledge of grammar rules alone is not sufficient for language use, and that speakers must also understand appropriate social usage. Hymes proposed that communicative competence includes not only linguistic competence, but also sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence. Lyle Bachman later expanded on this model by dividing organizational competence into grammatical and textual competence, and pragmatic competence. Together, Hymes and Bachman shaped understanding of the full range of knowledge and skills required to communicate effectively.
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Summary Discourse Analysis by Michael McCarthy
- 2. Harris and Austin. British discourse with K. Halliday American discourse Dell Hymes Conversation analysis Linguistics, semiotics, psychology, anthropology and sociology. Interdisciplinary approach Study of the relationship between language and the contexts in which it is used Study of spoken and written interaction
- 3. Factors: linguistic, purely situational and non- linguistic Non-linguistic Factors: intonation -tone contour, pitch level, hesitations, gestures. Form and Function Doing with the language (e.g. requesting, instructing) FUNCTIONS SPEECH ACTS Role of participants Role of settings
- 4. SPOKEN LANGUAGE • Framing move: right, okay, so, • An exchange: question- answer-comment (Transaction) • Patterns: opening –answering and follow-up move (initiation, response, follow-up) • Structured situation and predictable situations such as in the classroom
- 5. Patterns of interaction Speech acts: elicitations, replies, comments How people behave and how they cooperate in the management of discourse Adjacency pairs, turn-taking, conversational openings and closings, acts of politeness
- 6. WRITTEN DISCOURSE Writers have time to think about to say and how to say it, sentences are usually well formed in a way that the utterances of natural spontaneous talk are not. • It is possible to find regularities • In paragraphs and their progression of the whole text. Links cohesion (pronominalization, ellipsis and conjunctions). • Coherence is the feeling that a text hangs together, that it makes sense • Assume cause-effect relationship
- 7. • Depends on what we as readers bring to the text as what the author puts into • A set of procedures and the approach of analysis • Role of the readers and their experience + activate knowledge to make inferences and constantly asses their interpretations • Textural patterns= illocutionary acts • Textual segments: a clause, sometimes a sentence, sometimes a whole paragraph TEXT AND INTERPRETATION Phenomenon-reason relationship Clause-relational approach Logical sequence relations Logical sequencing and matching are the two basic categories of the clause-relational approach. Texts often contain strong clues or signals. Relationships between segments Supporting evidence (deducing relations)
- 8. LARGER PATTERNS IN TEXTS • Situation-problem- response-evaluation of the response • Problem-solution pattern • Conjunctions: signaling devices signposting the text FOR TEACHERS: Teacher should learn to evaluate their input and output in the teaching / learning process