This presentation is about Macro and Micro linguistics. Reader can take knowledge about Linguistics in detail.

1. Macro and Micro
Linguistics
By Nilufar Shirazova

3. Definition of 'macrolinguistics'
• in British English
• [ˌmækrəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks]
• NOUN
• linguistics concerning
language in its broadest
sense, or concerning all
fields of linguistics
• in American English
• [ˌmækroulɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks]
• NOUN
• a field of study
concerned with
language in its broadest
sense and including
cultural and behavioral
features associated with
language

4. Macro-linguistics takes a broad view of
linguistic phenomena, studying language in
different context and its development over
time. Macro-linguistics includes study of other
disciplines that are connected with language
study in any perspective e.g. the study of
relation between society and linguistics is
sociolinguistics.

5. Inter Disciplinary Branches
of Macro Linguistics
Inter disciplinary branches of linguistics
deals with study of linguistics with
relation to other disciplines as sociology,
psychology, neurology, geography, etc.
Below are inter-disciplinary branches of
macro linguistics.

6. Sociolinguistics
.
Sociolinguistics is generally used
for the study of the relationship
between society and language.
Sociolinguistics is the branch of
linguistics that deals with the
effect of society on a language.
It has strong connections with
anthropology, culture, and
sociology.

7. Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics deals with the study of
the mental aspects of language and
speech. Its domain is concerned with
how language is represented and
processed in the brain.
Psycholinguistics, study of linguistics
and psychology, is part of the field of
cognitive science

8. Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics deals with the study
how language is represented in the
brain, how and where a brain stores
knowledge of a language that we speak.
It focuses on what happens in our
brains as we acquire a language, and
what happens as we put this knowledge
into practice.

9. Computational
Linguistics
Computational linguistics is branch of
linguistics that is concerned with the
rule-based modeling of natural
language from a computational
perspective. It is the branch of
linguistics that deals with the
techniques of computer science that are
applied to the analysis and synthesis of
language and speech.

10. Stylistics
Stylistics is an interdisciplinary field of
linguistics that deals with the study and
interpretation of style and tones in both
written and spoken language.

11. Geographical Linguistics
Geography Linguistic also called dialect
geography is study of local or regional
variations of a language or dialect studied
as a field of knowledge. Language
geography is the branch of human
geography that studies the geographic
distribution of language(s) or its
constituent elements.

12. Cognitive Linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is an
interdisciplinary field of linguistics that
deals with the study of language, mind,
and sociocultural experience that first
emerged in the 1970s. Cognitive
linguistics is characterized by a
commitment to the inseparability of
meaning and form in the study of
language.

13. Intra Disciplinary Branches
of Linguistics
.Intra disciplinary branches of linguistics
deal with the study of linguistics within
its own discipline. Below are the intra
disciplinary branches of macro
linguistics.

14. Theoretical Linguistics
Theoretical linguistics also known as General
Linguistics deals with concrete theories
presented by scholars of language about various
aspects concerning to linguisticsGeneral
linguistics is devoted to the theoretical study of
describing a language and methods of
investigating linguistic phenomena.

15. Historical Linguistics
Historical linguistics, also called diachronic
linguistics, is the scientific study of language
change over time. Principal concerns of historical
linguistics include: how and why language
changes, changes in particular languages, history
of words i.e., etymology, history of speech
communities and relation between different
language families.

16. Descriptive Linguistics
Descriptive Linguistics is concerned
with the description and analysis of the
ways in which a language operates and
is used by a given set of speakers at a
given time.

17. Applied Linguistics
Applied Linguistics examines the
structure of language and its role in
communication, language acquisition,
second language learning, how the
social or cultural environment interacts
with language, and structure of
language and its role in communication.

18. Comparative Linguistics
Comparative linguistics is an intra disciplinary field of
linguistics that deals with comparative study of different
languages. It is a sub-branch of historical linguistics that
is concerned with comparing languages to establish
their historical relatedness. Comparative linguistics is
the study of differences and similarities between
languages. Particularly it focuses on the comparison of
related languages

19. Micro Linguistics and
its Different Branches
Micro linguistics focuses on the study of
language itself, including its sound
(phonetics and phonology) grammatical
structures (morphology), syntax, and
meanings (semantics) in context
(pragmatics).

20. Phonetics
Phonetics is the study of the sounds of
language. It deals with the way sounds
are produced, transmitted and
perceived by human beings.

21. Phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds
are arranged in each language as
organized units of speech. It also looks
into the specifications in the
distribution of sounds into small sound
in each language.

22. Morphology
Morphology deals with the forms of
words, use of words and construction of
words by small letters. It studies how
words are formed into small meaningful
units (morphemes). Morphology is
divided into two further branches:
inflectional morphology and derivational
morphology.

23. Semantics
Semantics is the study of meaning in a
language. It focuses on studying the
structure of meaning of words and
making a sentence that is meaningful.

24. Pragmatics
Pragmatics also deals with the meaning
of language but is focuses on meaning
in context rather than individual word
meanings.

25. Syntax
Syntax is the study of phrase
construction, clauses and sentences in a
language. It deals with basic word order
followed in any languages.