The document defines disasters and disaster management. It notes that disasters can be natural or man-made events that disrupt society. Disaster management aims to protect life and property by preparing for, responding to, and helping recovery from disasters. The types of disaster management include responding to natural disasters, man-made disasters, complex emergencies, and pandemics. Key aspects of management are mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

1. Disaster
management
By Rohit From Grade 9

5. What is the definition of Disaster?
A Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that
seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or
society and causes human, material, and economic
or environmental losses that exceed the
community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own
resources. Though often caused by nature,
disasters can have human origins.

6. What is Disaster Management ?
Disaster Management refers to the measures
taken for the safety and protection of life and
properly from natural or man - made disasters.
This means being prepared for disasters, fighting
disasters effectively, ensuring the safety of life
during and helping in rebuilding society after the
disaster.

7. What are the types of Disaster
Management ?
There are two types of Disasters :- They are Natural Disasters and Man - made Disasters
● Natural Disasters :-
Natural Disasters are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset
events that have immediate impacts on human health and secondary impacts causing further death
and suffering.
These disasters can be :
1. Geophysical ( ex - Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis and Volcanic Activity )
2. Hydrological ( ex - Avalanches and Floods )
3. Climatological ( ex - Extreme Temperatures, Drought and Wildfires )
4. Meteorological ( ex - Cyclones and Storms / Wave Surges )
5. Biological ( ex - Disease Epidemics and Insect / Animal Plagues )

8. ● Man - made Disasters :-
Man - made Disasters as viewed by the International Federation Of Red
Cross & Red Crescent Societies are events that are caused by humans
which occur in or close to human settlements often caused as a results of
Environmental Technological Emergencies .
This can include :-
1. Environmental Degradation
2. Pollution
3. Accidents ( ex - Industrial , Technological and Transport usually involving
the production , use or transport of hazardous materials )

12. What are the different types of
Disaster Management
Types of Disaster Management are :-
★ Natural Disasters
★ Man - Made Disasters
★ Complex Emergencies
★ Pandemic Emergencies
★ Aspects of Disaster Management
★ Disaster Prevention
★ Disaster Preparedness
★ Disaster Response / Relief
★ Disaster Recovery

13. Natural Disasters
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural
processes of the earth . A natural disaster can cause loss of life or
damage property, and typically leaves some economic damage in its
wake, the severity of which depends the affected populations
resilience and on the infrastructure available.
Ex - Floods, Hurricanes, Tomatoes, Volcanic, Eruptions, Earthquakes,
Tsunamis, Storms .
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14. Man - Made Disasters
A disaster is a serious disruption occurring over a short or long period of time
that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources.
Ex - Chemical spills, Hazardous material spills, Explosion, Nuclear blast, Train
accidents, Chemical or Biological attacks, Plane crashes, Groundwater
contamination .
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15. Complex Emergencies
Complex emergencies are situations of disrupted livelihoods and threats to life
produced by warfare, civil disturbance and large-scale movements of people, in
which any emergency response has to be conducted in a difficult political and
security environment .
Complex emergencies combine internal conflict with large-scale displacements of people, mass
famine or food shortage, and fragile or failing economic, political, and social institutions.
Often, complex emergencies are also exacerbated by natural disasters.
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16. Pandemic Emergencies
An influenza pandemic occurs when a highly infectious new strain emerges that humans
have no immunity to. The difficulty responding to pandemics is the isolation they cause;
normal emergency assistance is hampered by the need to limit exposure to infection.
During these outbreaks vulnerable residents should limit exposure by stocking up on
necessary items such as medication, food and water.
During a pandemic, the virus spreads rapidly around the world causing high rates of
illness and death.
Melton City Council, as part of its emergency management planning, has developed an
Influenza Management Plan assist in dealing with a pandemic influenza emergency.
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17. Aspects of Disaster Management
Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of each phase
greatly depends on the severity of the disaster.
● Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster.
● Preparedness - Planning how to respond.
● Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by
a disaster.
● Recovery - Returning the community to normal.
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18. Disaster Prevention
Disaster prevention is the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters prevention (i.e. disaster prevention)
expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse
impacts through action taken in advance.
Examples - include dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-
use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high risk zones, and
seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a
critical building in any likely earthquake. Very often the complete avoidance
of losses is not feasible and the task transforms to that of mitigation.
Partly for this reason, the terms prevention and mitigation are sometimes
used interchangeably in casual use.

19. Disaster Preparedness
Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of
disasters. That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on
vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their consequences.
Disaster preparedness provides a platform to design effective, realistic and co, reduces duplication
of efforts and increase the overall effectiveness of National Societies, household and community
members disaster preparedness and response efforts. Disaster preparedness activities embedded
with risk reduction measures can prevent disaster situations and also result in saving maximum
lives and livelihoods during any disaster situation, enabling the affected population to get back to
normalcy within a short time period.
Ex – Prevention, Laws & Regulations
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20. Disaster Recovery
Disaster recovery is an organization's method of regaining access and functionality to its
IT infrastructure after events like a natural disaster, cyber attack, or even business
disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A variety of disaster recovery (DR)
methods can be part of a disaster recovery plan.
Disaster recovery planning involves establishing processes and procedures
that ensure an organization's IT infrastructure will function properly after
a disruptive event.
Ex - A disaster recovery document might cover key areas such as a company's
website, email services, ERP system, and file and print services.
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