Power quality issues arise from disturbances in the electric power supply that can negatively impact equipment. Common issues include voltage sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and spikes. Around 80% of problems originate from within industrial facilities due to large loads or improper wiring, while 20% come from external utility issues like weather events. Poor power quality can increase energy costs and cause equipment failures. Monitoring power quality helps identify disturbances and their sources to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various devices like filters, regulators, and compensators can help mitigate different power quality issues. Maintaining high power quality supports the economic operation of power systems and equipment.
A power quality presentation includes definitions of power quality, most common power quality problems and the solutions, standard carves, and practical example of an active filter. Presented by - Eng. Shemy Elhady
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
Long & Short Interruptions: Interruptions – Definition – Difference between failures,
outage, Interruptions – causes of Long Interruptions – Origin of Interruptions – Limits for the
Interruption frequency – Limits for the interruption duration – costs of Interruption –
Overview of Reliability evaluation to power quality, comparison of observations and
reliability evaluation.Short interruptions: definition, origin of short interruptions, basic principle, fuse saving,
voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption, monitoring of
short interruptions, difference between medium and low voltage systems. Multiple events,
single phase tripping – voltage and current during fault period, voltage and current at post
fault period
A power quality presentation includes definitions of power quality, most common power quality problems and the solutions, standard carves, and practical example of an active filter. Presented by - Eng. Shemy Elhady
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
Long & Short Interruptions: Interruptions – Definition – Difference between failures,
outage, Interruptions – causes of Long Interruptions – Origin of Interruptions – Limits for the
Interruption frequency – Limits for the interruption duration – costs of Interruption –
Overview of Reliability evaluation to power quality, comparison of observations and
reliability evaluation.Short interruptions: definition, origin of short interruptions, basic principle, fuse saving,
voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption, monitoring of
short interruptions, difference between medium and low voltage systems. Multiple events,
single phase tripping – voltage and current during fault period, voltage and current at post
fault period
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
This presentation gives detailed information about power quality i.e. how poor power quality is caused? what are the parameters on which we measure power quality? how can we solve the problem of poor power quality? this presentation will give you all the answers.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
This presentation gives detailed information about power quality i.e. how poor power quality is caused? what are the parameters on which we measure power quality? how can we solve the problem of poor power quality? this presentation will give you all the answers.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Design Development and Testing of an Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection ...Kunal Maity
This voltage protection circuit is designed to develop a low-voltage and high-voltage tripping mechanism to protect a load from any damage. The electronic devices get easily damaged due to fluctuation in AC means supply take place frequently.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
According to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) standard IEEE 1100, power quality is defined as “the concept of powering and grounding sensitive electronic equipment in a manner suitable for the equipment”.
WHY POWER QUALITY MATTERS
Power quality and supply reliability are extremely important. Our world is increasingly dependent on electronic equipment and controls, and high sensitivity devices and processes are heavily dependent on a clearly defined power quality. Some facilities operate 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, so incur a high cost of downtime.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
3. DEFINITION
• The IEEE defines POWER QUALITY as the ability of a system or an equipment to function
satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable
electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
Power quality is often defined as the electrical network's or the grid's ability to
supply a clean and stable power supply.
In other words, power quality ideally creates a perfect power supply that is always
available, has a pure noise-free sinusoidal wave shape, and is always within voltage
and frequency tolerances.
Power Quality mainly deals with
Continuity of the supply.
Quality” of the voltage.
5. Why is Power Quality Important?
Low power quality contributes to high energy cost and rising
energy and production disturbances.
Voltage sag and swell can cause sensitive equipment to fail,
shutdown and create a large current unbalance.
Reliability: Uninterrupted power supply to the service sectors.
The performance of electronic devices (semiconductor devices)
is directly linked to the power quality level.
Hence, power quality provides a good platform to deal with all
these problems.
7. 7
CAUSES OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS
A. Internal causes :
i. About 80% of Power Quality problems originate within a industrial facility.
ii. Due to large equipment start or shut down, improper wiring and
grounding, overloaded circuits or harmonics.
B. External causes :
i. About 20% of Power Quality problems originate within the utility
transmission and distribution system.
ii. Due to lightning strikes, equipment failure, weather conditions etc.
8. 1. Voltage sag (or dip)
Description: A decrease of the normal voltage level between 10 and 90% of the nominal
rms voltage at the power frequency, for durations of 0,5 cycle to 1 minute.
Causes: Faults on the transmission or distribution. Faults in consumer’s installation.
Connection of heavy loads and start-up of large motors.
Consequences: Malfunction of microprocessor-based control systems. Tripping of
contactors and electromechanical relays. Disconnection of electric rotating machines.
2. Very short interruptions Description: Total interruption of electrical supply for duration from few milliseconds to
one or two seconds.
Causes: Mainly due to the opening and automatic recloser of relays. The main fault
causes are insulation failure, lightning and insulator flashover.
Consequences: Tripping of protection devices.
3. Long interruptions Description: Total interruption of electrical supply for duration greater than 1 to 2 seconds
Causes: Equipment failure in the power system network, storms, fire, human error, failure of
protection devices.
Consequences: Stoppage of all equipment.
POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCES
9. 4. Voltage spike Description: Very fast variation of the voltage value for durations from a several microseconds to
few milliseconds. These variations may reach thousands of volts, even in low voltage.
Causes: Lightning, switching of lines or power factor correction capacitors, disconnection of
heavy loads.
Consequences: Destruction of components (particularly electronic components) and of
insulation materials, electromagnetic interference.
5. Voltage swell Description: Momentary increase of the voltage, at the power frequency, outside the normal
tolerances, with duration of more than one cycle and typically less than a few seconds.
Causes: Start/stop of heavy loads, badly dimensioned power sources, badly regulated
transformers (mainly during off-peak hours).
Consequences: Data loss, flickering of lighting and screens, stoppage or damage of sensitive
equipment, if the voltage values are too high.
6. Harmonic distortion
Description: Voltage or current waveforms having frequencies that are multiples of power-
system frequency.
Causes: All non-linear loads, such as power electronics equipment, SMPS, data processing
equipment.
Consequences: Increased probability in occurrence of resonance, overload in 3-phase
systems, overheating of all cables and equipment, electromagnetic interference with
communication systems.
11. 11
BROWNOUTS
A brownout is a steady lower voltage state causes glitches, data loss and equipment failure.
An example of a brownout is what happens during peak electrical demand in the summer, when
utilities can’t always meet the requirements and must lower the voltage to limit maximum
power.
Possible Solutions are using Voltage Regulators, Uninterruptable Power Supplies, and Power
Conditioners.
BLACKOUTS
A power failure or blackout is a zero-voltage condition that lasts for more than two cycles. It
may be caused by tripping a circuit breaker, power distribution failure or utility power failure. A
blackout can cause data loss or corruption and equipment damage.
14. POWER QUALITY MONITORING
It is a multi-level approach to identifying, analyzing and correcting power quality
problems.
Helps to identify the cause of power system disturbances.
Helps to identify problem conditions before they actually cause interruptions or
disturbances.
Objectives for power quality monitoring are generally classified into:
1. Proactive approach
Intended to study the system performance.
Helps to understand and thus match the system performance with customer needs.
2. Reactive approach
Intended to study a specific problem.
Performs short term monitoring at different loads.
16. BENEFITS OF POWER QUALITY
MONITORING
16
1. Ensures power system reliability.
2. Identify the source of disturbance.
3. Helps in the preventive and predictive maintenance.
4. Evaluation of incoming electrical supply and distribution to determine if power
quality disturbances are impacting.
5. Reduction of energy costs and avoid hazards.
6. Allows to identify the most sensitive equipment and install power conditioning
systems wherever necessary.
17. Methods to solve PQ issues
TRANSIENTVOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR – For Overvoltage
A TVS consists of an array of devices that are designed to react to
sudden or momentary overvoltage conditions. It consists of a
metal oxide varistor or a Zener diode) that limits excessive line
voltage and conduct any excess impulse energy to ground
FILTERS- For Noise and harmonics
Noise filters are used to avoid unwanted frequency current or
voltage signals (noise) from reaching sensitive equipment.
Harmonic filters are used to reduce undesirable harmonics.
Voltage Regulator – For consistent voltage supply
It maintains a nearly constant output voltage during large
variations in input voltage.
18. DynamicVoltage Restorer- ForVoltage sag
A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) acts like a voltage source
connected in series with the load. It injects additional energy to
the circuit whenever necessary.
StaticVAR compensator- For power factor correction
Static VAR compensators (SVC) use a combination of capacitors
and reactors to regulate the voltage quickly.
IsolationTransformers – For sensitive loads
Isolation transformers are used to isolate sensitive loads from
transients and noise deriving from the mains.
19. CONCLUSION
1. The mitigation of all the power quality related issues leads to the economic operation of
the power system.
2. A technically sound quality of power will be supplied to all the equipment, thereby
leading to their smooth operation and ensuring a long life for them.
3. The elimination of harmonics and other issues leads to the proper operation of the
system, thereby eliminating the unwanted vibrations and keeping the system stable.
4. The reactive power is balanced at an acceptable and affordable cost and thus, the
system efficiency improves.
5. The power factor is improved; this leads to a heavy savage in the costs of electricity bills.
6. Above all, the problem of power pollution is eliminated.
20. OUTCOMES
OUTCOME ‘F’
F1. IEEE CODE OF CONDUCT
F2. IEEE CODE OF ETHICS
OUTCOME ‘H’
H1. Awareness of global effect of product : There is a global need for power quality
improvement with the increase in population & power demand.
H2. Understanding of economic factor: If power quality is not checked and the standards
are not maintained properly, then it can lead to great economic loss for power
generating companies.
H3. Understanding of environmental effects : PQ maintaining equipment are eco-
friendly.
21. OUTCOME ‘I’
I1: Gather relevant technical and scientific information
I2: Ability to identify retrieving and organization info
I3: To engage in lifelong learning: NEED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
OUTCOME ‘J’
J1-Describes contemporary issues in modern global contexts
J2- Distinguishes contemporary issues in modern global contexts
J3- Evaluates contemporary issues in modern global contexts by representing a contemporary
technical case study
OUTCOMES
22. REFERENCES
I. Math H.J. Bollen, Understanding power quality problems: voltage sags and interruptions, IEEE Press,
New Delhi.
II. Domijan, A. Heydt, G.T., Meliopoulos, A.P.S., Venkata, S.S., West, S., “Directions of research on electric
power quality,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, pp. 429-436, 1993.
III. Anurag Agarwal, Sanjiv Kumar, Sajid Ali, “A Research Review of Power Quality Problems in Electrical
Power System”. MIT International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2(2), pp.
88-93, 2012.
IV. Power Quality Problems and New Solutions by A. de Almeida, L. Moreira. J. Delgado.
V. ALEXANDER KUSKO and MARC.C.THOMPSON.(2007).Power Quality in Electrical Systems. New York :
McGraw-Hill.
VI. IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems,
ANSVIEEE Standard 519, 2008