disability laws,acts and policies in india ParthP6
all the laws, acts and policies for disabled persons which is implemented by government of India are attached in this file and hyperlink also provided of details of these acts.
Am Papri Das, M. Sc (N) Community Health Nursing faculty with more than 23 yrs of experience working as Vice-Principal at Peerless College of Nursing. Power point presentation on topic "Community Based Rehabilitation" It will be of great help to Nursing student in graduate and post graduate level. as possible in the interest of the students. Hope the topic will be beneficial to the students folk.
disability laws,acts and policies in india ParthP6
all the laws, acts and policies for disabled persons which is implemented by government of India are attached in this file and hyperlink also provided of details of these acts.
Am Papri Das, M. Sc (N) Community Health Nursing faculty with more than 23 yrs of experience working as Vice-Principal at Peerless College of Nursing. Power point presentation on topic "Community Based Rehabilitation" It will be of great help to Nursing student in graduate and post graduate level. as possible in the interest of the students. Hope the topic will be beneficial to the students folk.
CBR is a strategy within general community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, poverty reduction and social inclusion of people with disabilities
The Rehabilitation Council of India(RCI) was set up as a registered society in 1986.On September,1992 the RCI Act was enacted by Parliament and it became a Statutory Body on 22 June 1993. The RCI Act was the first act which was focused on rehabilitation of Disabled persons. Check the slides to know more.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesIFsbh
IF workshop in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, October 2012. Dima Yared, Human Rights Officer at United Nations Office for Human Rights, Regional office for Europe, presented the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and how to use it to advocate for and promote the rights to work of people with disabilities.
This presentation is on the National trust act for the welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, multiple disability and about the different schemes put forwarded by this act.
There are so many schemes under National trust act as Disha,Vikaas,Samarth,Gharaunda,Nirmaya,Sahyogi,Prerna
Gyan Prabha,Sambhav,Badhte Kadam.Unique Disability ID,National Fund and National Award also included in it.There are so many schemes for education, employment and for Disability Certificate.
It talks about meaning of disability, impairment, characteristics of both, causes and difference between disability & impairment, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, Stages of Growth and Development
Paper presented at the National Instt for training professionals in vocational rehab of persons with multiple disabilities (PWMD) Paper concerns mainly an introduction and ways to identify jobs in relation to residual abilities of PWMD. Different characteristics of job, how to match job with abilities and different types of employment. Community based vocational training & rehab. Visit www.aidthedisabled.org for more
CBR is a strategy within general community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, poverty reduction and social inclusion of people with disabilities
The Rehabilitation Council of India(RCI) was set up as a registered society in 1986.On September,1992 the RCI Act was enacted by Parliament and it became a Statutory Body on 22 June 1993. The RCI Act was the first act which was focused on rehabilitation of Disabled persons. Check the slides to know more.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesIFsbh
IF workshop in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, October 2012. Dima Yared, Human Rights Officer at United Nations Office for Human Rights, Regional office for Europe, presented the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and how to use it to advocate for and promote the rights to work of people with disabilities.
This presentation is on the National trust act for the welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, multiple disability and about the different schemes put forwarded by this act.
There are so many schemes under National trust act as Disha,Vikaas,Samarth,Gharaunda,Nirmaya,Sahyogi,Prerna
Gyan Prabha,Sambhav,Badhte Kadam.Unique Disability ID,National Fund and National Award also included in it.There are so many schemes for education, employment and for Disability Certificate.
It talks about meaning of disability, impairment, characteristics of both, causes and difference between disability & impairment, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, Stages of Growth and Development
Paper presented at the National Instt for training professionals in vocational rehab of persons with multiple disabilities (PWMD) Paper concerns mainly an introduction and ways to identify jobs in relation to residual abilities of PWMD. Different characteristics of job, how to match job with abilities and different types of employment. Community based vocational training & rehab. Visit www.aidthedisabled.org for more
AR&TTs challenge 2013 - Understanding Disability Workshop Part 1arttschallenge
This is part 1 of the Understanding Disability and How AR&TTs can enhance independence for Persons with Disability. Part 1 cover essential details on common disabilities and showcase how AR&TTs can facilitate independence. Part 2 is presented in a separate slide.
Corporate Social Responsibility and People with DisabilitiesOmid Omidvar
Constituting the biggest minority on the planet, people with disabilities (PWD), endure many trials and tribulations including prejudice in the workplace, discomfort in using public transportation, fallacious preconceptions, lack of representativeness, etc.
How to engage the potentiality of PWD in economic development, social engagement and environmental integrity
The role of companies
The role of government (Social Responsibility of the State)
The role of Civil Society Organizations
As population continues to grow, and countries invest in human capital there is a group left out. 15% of the population is living with one or more disabilities, and 66% of the adult population is unemployed. This puts strains on public social expenditure between 10-25% in OECD countries. I believe the “future of work” is a call-to-action to make work more accessible and increase productivity. There is a potential 3-7% GDP gain from the people unemployed and an estimated $8 Trillion economic buying power from including them in the economy. But some things can be done.
Workplace wellbeing relates to all aspects of working life, from the quality and safety of the physical environment, to how workers feel about their work, their working environment, the climate at work and work organization.
Workers wellbeing is a key factor in determining an organization’s longterm effectiveness
law is a body of norms
(or rules of conduct) of binding force and effect, specified
and enforced by a recognised authority. Law is used to
create rights and duties, which should be applied fairly
and consistently throughout society
PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY & LEGISLATIONS Health is the right of all persons and the duty of the State and is guaranteed by means of social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of illness and other hazards and at universal and equal access to all actions and services for the promotion, protection and recovery of health.
After completing this module you will able to..
1. Describe the access tools available to you for finding information
2. Identify effective search techniques
3. Describe the characteristics of Internet search engines , subject directory and databases.
4. Identify a range of information sources
5. Consider which sources are most likely to be useful for your search question
6. Understand why some information sources may be more helpful than others in the context of a particular information need.
After completing this module you will able to..
1. Analyze a research topic
2. Develop appropriate search strategies and conduct a search
3. Refine search results
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
1. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
International
Classification of
Disability
Prof. Ahmed-Refat A.G Refat
25/12/2012
1
3. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Contents
Definition of Impairment, Disability and Handicap
Evolutions of the concepts From ICIDH-1980 to
ICF2001
Disability Statistics
Models of Disability
Current Model of Disability
3
4. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Impairment,
Disability
and Handicap
Evolution of the Concepts
From 1980 to 2001
4
5. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The most commonly cited definitions are those provided by the World Health
Organization (1980) in The International Classification of Impairments,
Disabilities, and Handicaps:
ICIDH- WHO- 1980
Impairment:
5
6. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Impairment:
Any loss or abnormality of
psychological, physiological
or anatomical structure or
function.
6
8. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Disability:
Any restriction or lack
(resulting from an impairment) of ability
to perform an activity in the
manner or within the range
considered normal for a
human being.
8
10. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Handicap:
a disadvantage for a given
individual that limits or
prevents the fulfillment of a
role that is normal
11
11. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
As traditionally used, impairment refers to
a problem with a structure or organ of the
body; disability is a functional limitation
with regard to a particular activity; and
handicap refers to a disadvantage in filling
a role in life relative to a peer group.
11
12. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Examples to illustrate the differences
among the terms "impairment,"
"disability," and "handicap."
12
13. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
David is a 4-yr.-old who has a form of
cerebral palsy (CP) called spastic diplegia.
David's CP causes his legs to be stiff, tight,
and difficult to move. He cannot stand or
walk.
13
14. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Impairment: The inability to move the legs
easily at the joints and inability to bear
weight on the feet is an impairment.
Without orthotics or surgery, David's level
of impairment may increase as imbalanced
muscle contraction over a period of time
can cause hip dislocation and deformed
bone growth. No treatment may be
currently available to lessen David's
impairment.
14
15. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Disability: David's inability to walk is a
disability. His level of disability can be
improved with physical therapy and special
equipment. For example, if he learns to
use a walker, his level of disability will
improve considerably.
15
16. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Handicap: David's cerebral palsy is
handicapping to the extent that it prevents
him from fulfilling a normal role at home, in
preschool, and in the community. His level
of handicap has been only very mild in the
early years as he has been well-supported
to be able to play with other children,
interact normally with family members and
participate fully in family and community
activities. As he gets older, his handicap
16
17. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
will increase where certain sports and physical activities
are considered "normal" activities for children of the
same age. He has little handicap in his preschool
classroom, though he needs some assistance to move
about the classroom and from one activity to another
outside the classroom. Appropriate services and
equipment can reduce the extent to which cerebral
palsy prevents David from fulfilling a normal role in the
home, school and community as he grows.
17
19. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Percentage of population estimated to be
disabled in different countries.
Denmark 10,0- 12,0 %
France 5,0- 8,3 %
Norway 12,0 %
Spain 25,0 %
Sweden 12,0 %
U.K. 7,3 %
19
20. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
In June 2011, World Health
Organization (WHO) and the World
Bank released the first World Report on
Disability.
21
21. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
(1) Estimates based on the World Health
Survey
The average prevalence rate of disability
in the adult population aged 18 years and
over was 15.6% (some 650 million people of the
estimated 4.2 billion adults aged 18 and older in 2004)
ranging from 11.8% in higher income
countries to 18.0% in lower income
countries.
21
22. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
If the prevalence figures are extrapolated
to cover adults 15 years and older, around
720 million people have difficulties in
functioning with around 100 million
experiencing very significant difficulties.
22
23. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
2- Estimates based on the WHO Global
Burden of Disease study
The analysis of the Global Burden of
Disease 2004 data for this Report
estimates that 15.3% of the world
population (some 978 million people of
the estimated 6.4 billion in 2004 (35)) had
“moderate or severe disability”, while
2.9% or about 185 million experienced
23
24. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
“severe disability” . Among those aged 0–
14 years, the figures were 5.1% and 0.7%,
or 93 million and 13 million children,
respectively. Among those 15 years and
older, the figures were 19.4% and 3.8%,
or 892 million and 175 million,
respectively.
24
25. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Models that characterized the history of
disability:
1. The traditional model,
2. the medical/genetic model,
3. the social/human-rights model .
25
26. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
1- Traditional Model: This model
considers disability as a result of some sin
or as a punishment from God.
26
27. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
2- Medical Model: This model considers
that persons with disability have a
dysfunction or a problem that needs to be
corrected. Therefore, medical model
promotes activities such as treatment,
surgery, appliances, etc. aimed at reducing
the disability in the person.
27
28. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The medical model views disability as a
problem of the person, directly caused by
disease, trauma or other health condition,
which requires medical care provided in the
form of individual treatment by
professionals.
28
29. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
3- Social Model: This model considers
physical, social, cultural, environmental and
attitudinal barriers that "disable" persons
with impairments and that block their
participation in different life activities.
Therefore, this model promotes a fight
against the different barriers.
29
30. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The social model of disability, on the other
hand, sees the issue
mainly as a socially created problem, and
basically as a matter of the full
integration of individuals into society.
31
31. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Disability is not an attribute of an
individual, but rather a complex collection
of conditions, many of which are
created by the social environment.
31
32. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Hence the management of the problem
requires social action, and it is the collective
responsibility of society at large to make the
environmental modifications necessary for the full
participation of
people with disabilities in all areas of social life. The
issue is therefore an
attitudinal or ideological one requiring social change,
which at the political level
becomes a question of human rights. For this model
disability is a political issue.
32
33. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
In addition, there is the Human rights
model, that looks at disability as an issue of
human rights.
Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR ) is
based on human rights model of disability.
33
34. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The social model of disability has consider
disability as arising from the interaction
of a person’s functional status with the
physical, cultural, and policy
environments.
34
36. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
ICF-WHO-2001
International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health
36
38. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
ICF belongs to the WHO family
of international classifications,
Other Member are:
38
39. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
1- International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Current ICD-10
(2015) ICD-11
22- International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI)
ICD
The best known member of which is the
ICD-10 (the International Statistical Classification
of Diseases and Related Health Problems).
39
40. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
ICD-10 gives users an etiological
framework for the classification, by
diagnosis, of diseases, disorders and other
health conditions.
41
41. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
By contrast, ICF classifies functioning and
disability associated with health conditions.
The ICD-10 and ICF are therefore
complementary, and users are encouraged
to use them together to create more
meaningful picture of the experience of
health of individuals and populations.
41
42. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Information on mortality (provided by ICD-10)
and information about health and health-
related outcomes (provided by ICF) can be
combined in summary measures of
population health.
42
43. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
In short, ICD-10 is mainly used to classify
causes of death, but ICF classifies
health.
43
44. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The overall aim of the ICF classification is
to provide a unified and standard language
and framework for the description of health
and
health-related states.
44
45. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
ICF is based on an integration of the two
opposing models i.e biomedical and social .
In order to capture
the integration of the various perspectives
of functioning, a “bio-psycho-social”
approach is used.
45
46. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
“bio-psycho-social” approach
in ICF disability and functioning are viewed as outcomes
of interactions between health conditions (diseases,
disorders and injuries) and contextual factors.
The medical model views disability as a feature of the
person, directly caused by disease, trauma or other
health condition, which requires medical care provided
in the form of individual treatment by professionals.
46
47. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Disability, on medical model, calls for
medical or other treatment or intervention, to 'correct'
the problem with the
individual.
47
48. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
The social model of disability, on the other hand, sees
disability as a socially created problem and not at all an
attribute of an individual.
On the social model, disability demands a political
response, since the problem is created by an
unaccommodating physical environment brought about
by attitudes and other features of the social environment
48
51. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
I - BODY FUNCTIONS
Body functions are the physiological
functions of body systems
(including psychological functions).
Impairments are problems in body function
or structure as a significant deviation or
loss.
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52. International Classification of Disability
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Body functions
Mental functions
Sensory functions and pain
Voice and speech functions
Functions of the cardiovascular, haematological,
immunological and respiratory systems
Functions of the digestive, metabolic and
endocrine systems
Genitourinary and reproductive functions
Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions
Functions of the skin and related structures
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53. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
II- BODY STRUCTURES
Body structures are anatomical parts of
the body such as organs,
limbs and their components.
Impairments are problems in body function
or structure as a
significant deviation or loss.
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54. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Body structures
Structures of the nervous system
The eye, ear and related structures
Structures involved in voice and speech
Structures of the cardiovascular, immunological
and respiratory systems
Structures related to the digestive, metabolic and
endocrine systems
Structures related to the genitourinary and
reproductive systems
Structures related to movement
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55. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
III-ACTIVITIES AND
PARTICIPATION
Activity is the execution of a task or action
by an individual.
Participation is involvement in a life
situation.
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56. International Classification of Disability
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Activity limitations
are difficulties an individual may have in
executing activities.
Participation restrictions
are problems an individual may experience
in involvement in life situations.
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57. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Activities and participation
Learning and applying knowledge
General tasks and demands
Communication
Mobility
Self-care
Domestic life
Interpersonal interactions and relationships
Major life areas
Community, social and civic life
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58. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
IV- ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
Environmental factors make up the
physical, social and
attitudinal environment in which people live
and conduct their
lives.
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59. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Environmental factors
Products and technology
Natural environment and human-made
changes to
environment
Support and relationships
Attitudes
Services, systems and policies
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60. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Body Functions and Structures; and
Activities and Participation
These terms, which replace the formerly
used terms “impairment”, “disability” and
“handicap” , extend the scope of the
classification to allow positive experiences
to be described.
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61. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
“Activity limitation” replaces the term
“disability” used in the 1980 version of
ICIDH.
“Participation restriction” replaces the term
“handicap” used in the 1980 version of
ICIDH
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63. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Functioning
is an umbrella term encompassing all
body functions, activities and participation;
Disability
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64. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Disability
serves as an umbrella term for
impairments, activity limitations or
participation restrictions.
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65. International Classification of Disability
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Functioning is an umbrella term for body
functions, body structures, activities
and participation. It denotes the positive
aspects of the interaction between an
individual (with a health condition) and that
individual's contextual factors
(environmental and personal factors).
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66. International Classification of Disability
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Impairment
is a loss or abnormality in body structure or
physiological function
(including mental functions). Abnormality here is used
strictly to refer to a
significant variation from established statistical norms
(i.e. as a deviation from a
population mean within measured standard norms) and
should be used only in
this sense.
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67. International Classification of Disability
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Disability is an umbrella term for
impairments, activity limitations and
participation restrictions. It denotes the
negative aspects of the interaction
between an individual (with a health
condition) and that individual's contextual
factors (environmental and personal
factors).
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68. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Impairments are problems in body function
or structure such as a significant
deviation or loss.
Activity is the execution of a task or action
by an individual.
Participation is involvement in a life
situation.
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69. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Activity limitations are difficulties an
individual may have in executing
activities.
Participation restrictions are problems an
individual may experience in
involvement in life situations.
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70. International Classification of Disability
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Environmental factors make up the
physical, social and attitudinal
environment in which people live and
conduct their lives.
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71. International Classification of Disability
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Exercises
Identify the Impairment,
Function and Activity Associated with
the following conditions
Leprosy - Panic Disorder-Spinal Injury-
Juvenile diabetes
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72. International Classification of Disability
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Leprosy
Loss of sensation of extremities = ?
Difficulties in grasping objects =?
Stigma of leprosy leads to unemployment =?
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73. International Classification of Disability
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Panic Disorder
Anxiety
Not capable of going out alone
People's reactions leads to
no social relationships
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74. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Spinal Injury Paralysis
Incapable of using public transportation
Lack of accommodations in public
transportation
no participation in religious activities
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75. International Classification of Disability
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Juvenile diabetes
Pancreatic dysfunction
None (impairment controlled by
Medication)
Does not go to school because of
stereotypes about disease
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76. International Classification of Disability
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Vitiligo
Facial disfigurement
None
No participation in social relations owing to
fear of contagion
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79. International Classification of Disability
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Cited References
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health: ICF. World Health Organization 2001.
Towards a Common Language for Functioning, Disability
and Health: ICF The International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health. World Health
Organization 2002.
http://www.who.int/classifications/en/
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80. International Classification of Disability
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat www.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Exercise #1
( International Classification of Function & Disability)
Dr. Ahmed- Refat 25/12/2012
Your Name
HEALTH IMPAIRMENT ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION
CONDITION LIMITATION RESTRICTION
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